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Calcul de la production d'une paire de bosons de jauge faible associée à un jet à l'approximation au-delà des logarithmes dominantsSanguinetti, Grégory 01 July 2008 (has links) (PDF)
En 2008, le futur collisionneur du CERN, le Large Hadron Collider (LHC), commencera à récolter les données issues des collisions entre protons à l'échelle du TeV, dans le but de comprendre la brisure de la symétrie électro-faible. Un grand nombre de réactions incluant de nombreuses particules dans l'état final doit être étudié avec précision. Ces possibilités de découverte du LHC ne pourront être pleinement exploitées que si le bruit de fond de la Chromodynamique Quantique est bien maîtrisé. Parmi les réactions comprenant plus de quatre particules, la production associée d'une paire de bosons de jauge faible (W, Z) associée à un jet constitue un des bruits de fond pour la recherche du boson de Higgs au LHC. Il est important de calculer cette réaction à l'approximation dite "au-delà des logarithmes dominants", qui consiste à ajouter à l'ordre dominant le plus bas les deux contributions suivantes : la correction virtuelle (c'est un calcul d'amplitudes à une boucle) et l'émission réelle (c'est un calcul d'amplitudes à l'arbre mais avec un parton de plus dans l'état final). Des expressions analytiques suffisamment compactes pour être évaluées numériquement ont été obtenues et sont en parfait accord avec les résultats de deux autres groupes de recherche indépendants. Quant à l'émission réelle, toutes les contributions ont été évaluées à l'aide de programmes de génération automatique d'amplitudes à l'arbre. Ainsi, nous sommes en mesure de présenter des prédictions précises concernant les corrections à l'ordre supérieur de la section efficace totale de cette réaction au LHC.
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The political sociology of juvenile punishment treating juvenile offenders as adults /Carmichael, Jason T. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-192).
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Störande elever korrigerande lärare : Om regler, förväntningar och lärares åtgärder mot störande flickor och pojkar i klassrummet / Disturbing Pupils Correcting Teachers : Rules, expectations and teachers way of handling misbehaving girls and boys in the classroomSamuelsson, Marcus January 2008 (has links)
The aim of this study is to investigate rules and teachers´ expectations that are described by teachers and documents, what sort of pupils´ disorder that teachers put their attention to, in what way teachers´ are correcting pupils´ misbehaviours as well as how female and male teachers are correcting boys and girls. The study is based on a so called Yo-yo fieldwork in three schools. Three grade seven classes were followed during three periods of the first eight months of the school year 2003-2004. In sum 49 teachers and 74 pupils were observed. The analysis was accomplished by means of procedures influenced by Grounded Theory. According to the results, teachers during start of the semester explain what sort of pupil behaviour they are expecting and not expecting. Teachers and school leaders also describes rules that are to be followed at each one of the schools. The analysis of misbehaviours of pupils that teachers paid attention to could be divided into four categories: disturbing ways of handling oneself, misuse of school materials, odd traits or peculiarities and lack of order in the classroom. The analysis also showed that the teachers were most disturbed by pupils talking out of turn. Teachers’ attention to pupils’ misbehaviours came out as a result of pupils spending time on their own projects during lessons. The analysis of the corrections that the 49 teachers used towards misbehaviours that they paid attention to showed that the most common strategy was appeals to behave better. It was also showed that teachers’ corrections could be divided into two categories: non-verbal signals and verbal measures. Teachers’ corrections were meant to direct the pupils back to work, make the pupils follow collegial agreements and make the pupils show respect for their teacher. According to whether or not pupils´ as well as teachers´ sex mattered I found that both female and male teachers found boys as most disturbing and therefore boys were corrected most often. The results are finally discussed in relation to other research and according to the social psychological, the praxis and the teacher perspective that were used in the study. / Syftet med denna studie är att studera regler och förväntningar som förmedlades av lärare och dokument, vilka elevbeteende som uppmärksammades som störande, hur lärarna korrigerade beteenden som uppmärksammats som störande och eventuella skillnader mellan kvinnliga och manliga lärares uppmärksamhet och korrigeringar av flickor och pojkar. En Yo-yo fältstudie har genomförts på tre skolor. Tre skolår 7 klasser följdes under tre perioder under de åtta första månaderna av läsåret 2003-2004. Sammanlagt observerades 49 lärare och 74 elever. Analysen genomfördes genom procedurer inspirerade av Grounded Theory. Enligt resultatet förklarar lärare vid terminsstart vilka elevbeteenden som är önskvärda och inte önskvärda. Lärare och skolledare förklarar också vilka regler som gäller på de olika skolorna. Analysen av störande beteenden visar att lärare riktar mest uppmärksamhet mot elevers otillåtna prat. Lärarnas uppmärksamhet mot störande beteende kunde delas upp i fyra kategorier: störande aktivitet, störande artefakt, störande egenhet och störande oordning. Orsaken till att lärarna stördes var att eleverna genom fokus på egna projekt kom att avskärma sig från det sociala sammanhanget. Analysen av lärarnas korrigeringar visar att de 49 lärarnas vanligast förekommande korrigering var uppmaningar. Lärarnas korrigeringar av uppmärksammat störande beteende kunde vidare delas upp i två kategorier: icke-verbala eller verbala åtgärder. Lärarnas korrigeringar avsåg att återföra elever till arbetet, att få dem att följa kollegiala överenskommelser eller att få dem att visa respekt för läraren. Sambandet mellan elevernas och lärarnas kön visade att pojkar uppmärksammades som mest störande och följaktligen också korrigerades mest. Resultaten diskuteras avslutningsvis i ljuset av annan forskning i relation till de lärar-, socialpsykologiska och praxisnära perspektiven som använts för studien.
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Precision calculations in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard ModelSlavich, P. 17 May 2013 (has links) (PDF)
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the "Habilitation a Diriger des Recherches" at Pierre et Marie Curie University in Paris
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Sentencing circles in SaskatchewanOrchard, Bonnie E. 14 April 2008
This Thesis attempts to develop an understanding of the problems that Aboriginal offenders encounter in the Canadian justice system and examines why Euro-Canadian justice philosophy and mechanisms are not appropriate or effective. It is often very difficult for non-Aboriginal persons to understand that there is a difference between being Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal. This difference impacts offenders as they interact with the criminal justice system.<p>
The sentencing circle is one process by which the sentencing judge can obtain a clearer picture of the offender and consider sentencing options other than the `usual punishment'. It is an opportunity for the offender to address the consequences of his or her actions and to seek the help of community and family. It is also an opportunity for the victim to be heard and to seek redress.<p>
Current sentencing practices and theory are briefly examined as they bear on sentencing circles. Issues which have arisen as a result of the implementation of sentencing circles in Saskatchewan are examined (where possible, within the context of Saskatchewan case law).<p>
The use of sentencing circles has raised questions about the current approach to sentencing as contrasted with the restorative approach of the circle. The restorative approach to justice is a recurring theme throughout the Thesis. The different approach of the sentencing circle to the offender and the involvement of the community in the sentencing process have raised questions about incarcerating offenders, about disparity in sentences, about the protection of the public, and about the role of the community, the family and victims in the sentencing and rehabilitative processes. These issues are examined.<p>
This Thesis has also attempted to draw some conclusions about the larger issue of where sentencing circles may be leading the justice system and the Canadian public. Is the sentencing circle merely an innovation within the justice system that can provide a more effective sentencing mechanism than the sentencing hearing? Or, is the sentencing circle leading Aboriginal peoples towards their own justice systems?<p>
The sentencing circle has forced an examination of current sentencing practices. This, in turn, has opened a window of opportunity to do some serious re-evaluation of the existing sentencing process.
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Dynamical correlation in solids: a perspective in photoelectron spectroscopyGuzzo, Matteo 08 October 2012 (has links) (PDF)
My thesis fits into the domain of theoretical spectroscopy. This term describes a set of theoretical approaches that go hand-in-hand with several experimental techniques such as optical absorption and reflectivity, inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and photoelectron (or photoemission) spectroscopy. This set of ab-initio theories is used to simulate, study, predict and understand what is and will be seen in experiment. These spectroscopies are all connected to the dielectric function ε(ω ) of an electronic system which is, in fact, a fundamental quantity in many modern electronic structure theories. In particular I focused my research on photoemission spectroscopy, where the dielectric function enters as the screening of the hole due to the system. During my thesis I have worked on the development of new theoretical approaches, the aim of my project being to go beyond state-of-the-art methods used in electronic structure calculations. These methods stem mainly from two larger theoretical frameworks: Time-Dependent Density-functional Theory (TDDFT) and Green's function theory -- also known as Many-Body Perturbation Theory (MBPT). I carried on the theoretical development in parallel with numerical simulations on real materials and with experimental measurements, performed to verify the reliability of theory.
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Sentencing circles in SaskatchewanOrchard, Bonnie E. 14 April 2008 (has links)
This Thesis attempts to develop an understanding of the problems that Aboriginal offenders encounter in the Canadian justice system and examines why Euro-Canadian justice philosophy and mechanisms are not appropriate or effective. It is often very difficult for non-Aboriginal persons to understand that there is a difference between being Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal. This difference impacts offenders as they interact with the criminal justice system.<p>
The sentencing circle is one process by which the sentencing judge can obtain a clearer picture of the offender and consider sentencing options other than the `usual punishment'. It is an opportunity for the offender to address the consequences of his or her actions and to seek the help of community and family. It is also an opportunity for the victim to be heard and to seek redress.<p>
Current sentencing practices and theory are briefly examined as they bear on sentencing circles. Issues which have arisen as a result of the implementation of sentencing circles in Saskatchewan are examined (where possible, within the context of Saskatchewan case law).<p>
The use of sentencing circles has raised questions about the current approach to sentencing as contrasted with the restorative approach of the circle. The restorative approach to justice is a recurring theme throughout the Thesis. The different approach of the sentencing circle to the offender and the involvement of the community in the sentencing process have raised questions about incarcerating offenders, about disparity in sentences, about the protection of the public, and about the role of the community, the family and victims in the sentencing and rehabilitative processes. These issues are examined.<p>
This Thesis has also attempted to draw some conclusions about the larger issue of where sentencing circles may be leading the justice system and the Canadian public. Is the sentencing circle merely an innovation within the justice system that can provide a more effective sentencing mechanism than the sentencing hearing? Or, is the sentencing circle leading Aboriginal peoples towards their own justice systems?<p>
The sentencing circle has forced an examination of current sentencing practices. This, in turn, has opened a window of opportunity to do some serious re-evaluation of the existing sentencing process.
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Feasibility study on outsourcing the rehabilitation services provided by the Correctional Services DepartmentFung, Yu., 馮宇. January 2011 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration
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Nuclear Structure Corrections in Muonic DeuteriumHernandez, Oscar 10 September 2015 (has links)
The 7σ discrepancy between the charge radius of the proton as extracted from electronic hydrogen to the determination from muonic hydrogen, coined the proton ``radius puzzle", challenges our understanding of physics based on the standard model. High-precision measurements have been conducted on muonic deuterium to study whether the discrepancy with ordinary atoms persists or varies with mass number. For the success of this experimental campaign accurate theoretical calculations of the nuclear structure corrections in muonic deuterium (μD) are required. In this work we contributed by accurately and precisely calculating them using state-of-the-art nuclear potentials derived from chiral effective field theory. We performed a multipole expansion of the electromagnetic operator and accounted for Coulomb, relativistic and finite-nucleon-size corrections. Our determinations will impact the accuracy of the experimental program. / October 2015
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Examining the relationships between forensic practice knowledge, correctional orientation and engagement in core correctional practices among corrections officers2015 August 1900 (has links)
Via their frequency of contact alone, Corrections Officers (COs) have maximal opportunity to role model pro-social behaviour and further rehabilitative outcomes for offenders. Yet previous research indicates that one of the barriers to COs adopting this additional and sometimes contradictory job requirement, is that COs generally maintain largely punitive attitudes towards inmates. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether one reason for CO punitiveness is that these frontline workers lack knowledge of basic forensic practice (FP) research findings which describe elements that lead to offender change. Utilizing mixed-methods, the nature of the relationship between FP knowledge and the Correctional Orientation of COs, consisting of support for rehabilitation (SR) and support for punishment (SP), was explored. Further examined was how FP knowledge, SR and SP related to COs self-reported engagement in Core Correctional Practices (CCPs) which delineate the quality of interactions that facilitate positive rehabilitative outcomes.
Employing a new measure of Correctional Orientation developed and piloted on an undergraduate sample (N=148) in Study 1, Study 2 involved surveys of Corrections Workers (CWs) (N=227) employed in the four provincial adult correctional facilities in Saskatchewan. Hierarchical multiple regressions including demographic covariates confirmed a robust relationship between FP knowledge and SR, and FP knowledge and SP. Likewise, though FP knowledge was significantly positively correlated with CCPs, the addition of SR and SP to a third multiple regression on CCPs rendered the contribution of FP knowledge non-significant. SR was a better predictor of CCPs than SP. Finally, in Study 3, eight CWs varying in their survey responses were interviewed. Utilizing thematic analysis three broad models were produced which described the reasons CWs may or may not support rehabilitation or punishment and engage in CCPs. Additional themes describing how interviewees responded to FP research were also generated.
In the discussion the findings of all three studies were combined. Notably, SR appears to be more responsive to FP knowledge than SP, while salient job-related experiences of CWs are likely to increase SP. Yet, CWs can increase their SR without a comparable decrease in their SP and vice versa. Interviewees felt that the largest obstacle to their engagement in CCPs were the current features of the institutional settings which generated a cynical, burnt-out and punitive staff culture whereby peer pressure was employed to maintain prescribed modes of interaction. Comprehensive recommendations for reducing stress and burnout, education and training targets, and hiring criteria which could screen out problematic applicants are provided.
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