"Die Hälfte unserer Werbeausgaben ist umsonst, aber wir wissen nicht welche." Diese in der Werbebranche häufig strapazierte Aussage ist heute glücklicherweise nicht mehr gültig. Werbungtreibende Unternehmen möchten zunehmend wissen, was die Werbung bewirkt, die sie bei Agenturen in Auftrag geben. Für die Agenturen ihrerseits wird der Nachweis effizienter Werbung zunehmend zum Erfolgsfaktor. Natürlich wird es immer diejenigen Kritiker der Effizienzprüfung von Werbung geben, die da sagen, daß bei zunehmender Orientierung der Werbegestaltung an der Effizienz die Kreativität auf der Strecke bliebe. Dazu ist mindestens zweierlei zu sagen : Erstens ist zu bezweifeln, daß die Kreativität durch zunehmende Effizienz der Werbung in den Hintergrund rückt. Märkte, auf denen Informationen und Emotionen gehandelt werden, zeigen eher, daß durch schärferen Wettbewerb und damit zunehmende Effizienzanforderungen mehr Kreativität gefordert wird. Wohlgemerkt: gefordert und vielleicht nicht gefördert. Aber es scheint hier wie in vielen anderen Bereichen unserer Wirtschaft: Zum einen wünschen wir uns den harten Wettbewerb lieber für die anderen und zum zweiten wünschen sich eher die Starken eine Leistungsorientierung als die Schwachen. Zweitens muß man sagen: Selbst wenn die Kreativität nicht mehr der Hauptmaßstab für gelungene Werbung ist - so what? Sollen denn die Konsumenten und Werbung treibende Unternehmen Kreativität bezahlen, die ihnen nicht nützt? Der Trend ist klar: Die Effizienzmessung der Werbung wird zunehmend zum Erfolgsfaktor für die Agenturen. Man kann das ja nicht wollen, aber man kann nicht verhindern, daß es andere tun. Deshalb lohnt es, sich damit zu befassen.

Bicycling as a form of active transport has been gaining in popularity amongst policy makers and urban planners. In many cities, it is seen as a beneficial and efficient transport alternative to the congesting and air polluting car. Besides that, bicycling has also shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, noise and come with a range of health benefits when done regularly. Despite studies showing the individual and societal benefits of bicycling in an urban context, there is a lack of literature on how these benefits translate to a rural setting, characterised by longer distances and lower volumes of travellers. A commuting route between Östersund and Krokom was taken to study this. A cost-benefits analysis was performed for this route in which the transport related societal costs were calculated for a hypothetical increased bicycling scenario on this route and compared to the costs of a status quo scenario with no bicycling. Results show significant bicycle related costs such as travel time, and accidents, but also benefits compared to the car such as health and low operating costs. The environmental benefits are relatively small. Due to the results of the study covering a wide range, no conclusion could be drawn on if the studied rural bicycling scenario would be desirable or not. Conservative estimates indicate extra societal costs, while bicycle favouring estimates indicate cost savings. / <p>2020-06-05</p>

Karmazinová, V. The methodology of implementation of Smart City concept in the strategic management of Brno. Master's thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2016 This master's thesis deals with analysis of the Smart City concept, describes Euro-pean modes of Smart City good practice, analyzes the current state of Smart City strategy in Brno and its implementation into strategic management of the city, it purposes a model of implementation of Smart City concept into Brno and describes its function and its interlinkages and it evaluates project of reform of Brno light management through cost befit analysis.

This diploma thesis deals with mentoring of teachers. The aim of the thesis is to identify and quantify the costs and benefits of public expenditures related to the institutional implementation of mentoring of teachers in the Czech Republic. Firstly, this paper summarizes the main findings of mentoring, experience with mentoring abroad, and the benefits and costs associated with mentoring. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the development of mentoring in the Czech Republic and then offers possible solutions to the implementation of teachers mentoring in the future. Cost-Benefit analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of these public expenditures.

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has for a long time been used in transport planning, but it is often questioned. One main argument against CBA is that the results depend largely on assumptions regarding one or a few input factors, as for example the future fuel price or valuation of CO2 emissions. The three papers included in this thesis investigate some aspects of uncertainty in transport CBA calculations. The two first papers explore how changes in input data assumptions affect the CBA ranking of six rail and road investments in Stockholm. The first paper deals with the effect of different land-use assumptions while the second deals with the influence of economic growth, driving cost and public transport fare. The third paper investigates how alternative formulations of the public transport mode choice and route choice affect travel flows, ticket revenues and consumer surplus. These are important factors previously known to affect CBA results. The findings of the first two papers suggest that CBA results are robust concerning different land-use scenarios and single input factors. No change in rank between a road and a rail object is observed in the performed model calculations, and only one change between two road objects. The fact that CBA results seem robust regarding input assumptions supports the use CBA as a tool for selecting transport investments. The results in the third paper indicate that if there is detailed interest in, for example, number of boardings and ticket income from a certain transit line, or the total benefit of a price change, a more detailed formulation of the public transport mode choice and route choice will provide more reliable results. On the other hand, this formulation requires substantially more data on the transit line and price structure than the conventional formulation used in Swedish transport planning, especially in areas with many different pricing systems. / <p>QC 20150414</p>

Based on Agenda 2030 and Sweden's environmental goals, we have seen development potential within Region Värmland's transport hierarchy, of which the focus is on transport by car. At present, they have 110 petrol-powered vehicles and 40 electric vehicles in the business. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether it is socio-economically defensible to replace Region Värmland's current petrol-powered vehicles with electric vehicles and to develop the charging infrastructure.   Through cooperation with Region Värmland, they have provided us with primary data and information regarding the business. In addition, secondary data have been taken from Trafikverket’s report Analysis method and socio-economic calculation values ​​(ASEK 7.0). With the help of this, benefits and costs have been defined and quantified in order to be able to perform a cost-benefit analysis. The sum of the total benefits was compared with the sum of the total costs. The result showed a cost-benefit ratio of 3,22. This means that the project is socio-economically defensible for Region Värmland to implement.   To investigate the project's sensitivity, a sensitivity analysis and supplementary break-even-point analyzes were performed. According to the sensitivity analysis, the project was still profitable in all variations but one. Therefore, a break-even-point analysis was performed to see when the project was still profitable.

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Many utilities implement the financial incentive plans in promoting their Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs. The plans are intended to reduce the customer investment cost for a high efficiency equipment option, so that to make the investment more attractive. Despite its potential to increase customer participation, the financial incentives could cause a considerable increase in program cost to the utility. An analysis of financial incentive impact on the utility DSM program is conducted in this thesis. The analysis uses the combination of the customer participation modeling and the cost-benefit analysis of a DSM program. A modeling of customer participation by a discrete choice model is presented. The model uses the logistic probability functions. The benefit and cost of DSM programs are explored to develop the analysis methodology. Two typical energy conservation options of DSM programs are taken for case studies to demonstrate the analysis. The analysis is also conducted to see the effect of financial incentives on the performance of DSM programs in a fluctuating marginal energy cost. The result of this research shows that the financial incentive could induce the customer participation, thus provide an increase of benefit and costs. However, this research also reveals that, in certain circumstances, the financial incentive may result in a decrease of net benefit due to significant increase of cost. These imply that utilities must carefully evaluate the financial incentive plan in their DSM programs, before the programs are implemented. / Master of Science

This thesis deals with the development of Moravsky Krumlov. The possibility of its development is mainly determined by the implementation of the reconstruction of the castle in Moravsky Krumlov, thereby town reached the revival of tourism and cultural life in the town. The first part describes the city and consequently the financial analysis of the municipal budget and monitoring indicators is performed. Gradually work goes directly to the evaluation of the planned project, which mean to the evaluation of the implementation of public project of reconstruction of the castle in Moravsky Krumlov. For this purpose was chosen Cost-benefit analysis, which deals with the evaluation of public projects, including their socio-economic impacts.