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Ce travail de thèse explore les influences maternelles non génétiques chez un oiseau nidifuge, la caille japonaise Coturnix c. japonica. Un premier axe s'intéresse à l'influence d'un facteur intrinsèque sur le comportement de la femelle pondeuse, les caractéristiques de ses œufs et le développement de ses descendants. Nos travaux montrent que les caractéristiques intrinsèques du comportement de ponte modulent l'émotivité des femelles. Les œufs pondus par des femelles présentant un profil de ponte stable (i.e. ovipositions à la même heure chaque jour) diffèrent des œufs pondus par des femelles présentant un profil de ponte décalé (i.e. ovipositions un peu plus tard chaque jour). Les descendants de ces femelles montrent une plus grande émotivité face à la nouveauté et à la séparation sociale. De plus, il existe des variations des caractéristiques des œufs spécifiques à chaque profil de ponte. Le second axe s'intéresse à une influence environnementale. Au sein de l'environnement biotique, le partenaire sexuel est un congénère particulier pour la femelle. Lorsque les deux partenaires ont la possibilité de développer un lien (par un appariement permanent), leurs descendants sont moins émotifs et plus sociaux comparés à des jeunes dont les parents ont été appariés de façon ponctuelle et n'ont pas développé de lien. Enfin, le dernier axe explore pour la première fois chez l'oiseau nidifuge l'interaction entre des influences maternelles prénatales et postnatales. Ainsi, des jeunes stressés prénatalement ont une émotivité moindre face à la nouveauté et à la séparation sociale si ils sont maternés après l'éclosion, comparés à des jeunes non maternés. L'ensemble de ce travail améliore nos connaissances des facteurs de variations des influences maternelles, leurs mécanismes et leurs conséquences, permettant de mieux comprendre la variabilité phénotypique des individus et l'évolution des populations. / This thesis explored non-genetic maternal influences in a precocial bird, the Japanese quail Coturnix c. japonica. A first approach investigated the influence of an intrinsic factor on the behaviour of a laying female, its eggs' characteristics and its offspring's development. Our results demonstrate that intrinsic characteristics of egg laying behaviour influence females' emotivity. Eggs laid by females that present a stable laying profile (i.e. ovoposition at the same time each day) differed from eggs laid by females that present a delayed laying profile (i.e. oviposition later each day). Offspring of females delayed laying profile showed higher emotivity in novel situations and social isolation. Moreover, eggs presented specific characteristics within each of both egg laying profiles. A second approach focused on the biotic environment. For a female, the mating partner is a particular congener. When mates could develop a pair bond (by continuous pairing), their offspring were more emotive and less social compared to chicks whose parents were not continuously paired and thus did not develop a pair bond. In a final approach and for the first time in a precocial bird, interactions between prenatal and postnatal maternal influences were explored. Chicks that were prenatally stressed showed lower emotivity in novel situations and social isolation when they are mothered after hatching compared to non-mothered, prenatally stressed chicks. Overall, our work improves the knowledge about maternal influence factors of variation, their mechanisms and consequences, allowing a better understanding of individuals' phenotypic variability and populations' evolution.

Classical theories of how animals make mate choices have focused on each sex's inherited preferences for the other sex's traits or behaviours. The present thesis was undertaken to investigate how social factors play a role in determining an animal's choice of mate. In the series of experiments reported here, 'focal' female and male Japanese quail were given the opportunity to observe another quail (a 'model') of the same sex mating with a conspecific of the opposite sex (a 'target'). Results of experiments described in chapters 2 and 3 revealed that focal females: (1) displayed an increased tendency to affiliate with male targets that they had observed mating with model females, and (2) found a target male more attractive if he had been observed just standing near another female. In Chapter 4, social influences or male mate choice were investigated. Focal males: (1) exhibited a decrease in their preference for female targets that they had observed mating with model males, and (2) showed a decrease in preference for a female target only if she had been seen mating with or being courted by a model male, not simply standing near him. Finally, in chapter 5, it was determined that for quail of both sexes, affiliation time was a reliable predictor of focal subjects' actual choice of a mate. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that females gain benefits from attending to the mate choices of other females, whereas for males there is a cost associated with mating with a female that had recently muted with another male. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 113180 bytes, checksum: 3494326aabf07de881d154ea16ef0aff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Three hundred and twenty 29-weeks old Japanese female quails, averaging 186,1 ± 4,0 g, were used during an experimental period of 84 days. Complete randomized experimental design was used with 4 treatments, 10 replicates and 10 quails per experimental unit. Diets were isocaloric, isoproteic e isoaminoacidic. Treatments were a control diet composed with corn and soybean meal (SM) and diets with partial substitution of the SM for roasted whole soybean (RWS), extruded whole soybean (EWS) or micronized whole soybean (MWS). In each one of the treatments whole soybean supplied 50% of the crude protein offered by the SM in control diet. There were not differences (P>0,05) in the egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, viability of the birds, commercial eggs proportion, eggs specific gravity, yolk percentage, albumen percentage and shell percentage of the eggs. Substitution of the SM for RWS reduced (P<0,05) feed intake. There were not differences (P>0,05) in the studied parameters to substitution of the SM for EWS. Substitution of the SM for MWS reduced (P<0,05) corporal weight variation of the quails, resulting in weight loss of the birds. It is ended that SM can be substituted, in 50% of the protein, for RWS or EWS in diets for laying Japanese quails. However substitution of the SM for MWS, in 50% of the protein, is not advisable, because it produces worse performance results, mainly weight loss of the birds. / Foram utilizadas 320 codornas japonesas fêmeas com 29 semanas de idade e peso médio inicial de 186,1 ± 4,0 g, durante um período experimental de 84 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado constituído por 4 tratamentos, 8 repetições e 10 aves por unidade experimental. As dietas foram isocalóricas, isoprotéicas e isoaminoacídicas. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta testemunha composta à base de milho e farelo de soja (FS), e da substituição parcial do FS por soja integral tostada (SIT), extrusada (SIE) ou micronizada (SIM). Em cada um dos tratamentos a soja integral forneceu 50% da proteína bruta proporcionada pelo FS na dieta testemunha. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) para produção de ovos, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar, viabilidade das aves, proporção de ovos comercializáveis, peso específico dos ovos, percentagem de gema, percentagem de albúmen e percentagem de casca dos ovos. A substituição de FS por SIT promoveu redução (P<0,05) no consumo de ração. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) nos parâmetros estudados quando o FS foi substituído por SIE. A substituição de FS por SIM promoveu redução (P<0,05) na variação de peso corporal das codornas, resultando em perda de peso das aves. Conclui-se que o FS pode ser substituído, em 50% da proteína, por SIT ou SIE em dietas para codornas japonesas em fase de postura. Entretanto a substituição do FS por SIM, em 50% da proteína, é desaconselhável, pois promove piores resultados de desempenho, principalmente perda de peso das aves.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 183039 bytes, checksum: b094ae15fafe623b510bd03b4d73b265 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-07 / Two experiments were driven in the Section of Aviculture of the Department of Zootecnia of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, with the objective of determining the best method of forced seedling for Japanese and rising quail to determine the best fast period and his/her reflex about the parameters of productive acting and egg quality. In the experiment I 315 Japanese quails were used with 60 weeks of age. The phase changes forced it consisted of the supply of differentiated diets (treatments) during a period of 10 days and phase powderseedling consisted of 10 periods of 7 days each. The treatments were: T1 - ration of comfortable posture (it controls), T2 - ration fast for 2 days and 8 days of ration of it recreates, T3 - 5 days of posture ration with excess of Zn (10.000ppm) and 5 days with ration of it recreates, T4 - posture ration with deficiency in Na and T5 - supply during 5 days of corn maize flour and 5 days of ration of it recreates. Fast hídrico was not used. Delineamento was used casualizado entirely with 5 treatments, 7 repetitions and 9 birds for experimental unit. In the experiment II 168 Japanese quails were used with 62 weeks of age. The phase changes forced it consisted of the supply of differentiated diets (treatments) during a period of 10 days and phase powder- seedling consisted of 12 periods of 7 days each. The treatments were: T1 - posture ration the will (it controls), T2 - ration fast for 2 days and 8 days of ration of it recreates, T3 - ration fast for 3 days and 7 days of ration of it recreates. Fast hídrico was not used. Delineamento was used casualizado entirely with 3 treatments, 7 repetitions and 8 birds for experimental unit. The parameters analyzed for the two experiments were consumption of ration bird day (CRAD), production of eggs (POAD), marketable eggs (OC), weight of eggs (PO), egg mass (MO), alimentary conversion for egg mass (CAMO), alimentary conversion for dozen of egg (CADZO), gravity specifies (GE), viability (VIAB) and I weigh corporal (PI, PF, GP and PP). For the experiment I there was not significant difference (p>0,05) among the analyzed parameters CRAD, PO and GE. For POAD there was difference (P <0,05), and the birds of T2 obtained better acting, however the same treatment resulted in high mortality. For CADZO and CAMO there was significant difference (P <0,05), and the best values went to the treatment to control (T1) and the treatment with 2 days of fast and 8 days of ration of it recreates (T2). This way the forced seedling for quail doesn't result in improvement in the analyzed parameters. For the experiment II there was not significant effect (p>0,05) of the treatments for none of the appraised parameters. However, it was observed that in absolute values, POAD of the treatment controls (T1) it was superior to 10,45% in relation to the treatment fast of 2 days (T2) and superior to 4,44% to the treatment fast of 3 days (T3). Para VIAB the treatment controls (T1) it was inferior to 4,76% in relation to the treatment fast of 2 days (T2) and inferior to 1,86% to the treatment fast of 3 days (T3). this way it is not viable the practice of the alimentary fast for 2 or 3 days as technique of forced seedling for Japanese quail. / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, com o objetivando-se avaliar diferentes métodos de muda forçada para codorna japonesa sobre os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e qualidade de ovo. No experimento I foram utilizadas 315 codornas japonesas com 60 semanas de idade. A fase muda forçada consistiu no fornecimento de dietas diferenciadas (tratamentos) durante um período de 10 dias e fase pós-muda consistiu em 10 períodos de 7 dias cada. Os tratamentos foram: T1 ração de postura à vontade (controle), T2 - jejum de ração por 2 dias seguidos de 8 dias de ração de recria à vontade, T3 - 5 dias de ração de postura à vontade com excesso de Zn (10.000ppm) seguidos de 5 dias com ração de recria à vontade, T4 - ração de postura à vontade com deficiência em Na e T5 - 5 dias de milho moído seguidos de 5 dias de ração de recria à vontade. Não foi utilizado jejum hídrico. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos, 7 repetições e 9 aves por unidade experimental. No experimento II foram utilizadas 168 codornas japonesas com 62 semanas de idade. A fase de muda forçada consistiu no fornecimento de dietas diferenciadas (tratamentos) durante um período de 10 dias e fase pós-muda consistiu em 12 períodos de 7 dias cada. Os tratamentos foram: T1 ração de postura à vontade (controle), T2 - jejum de ração por 2 dias seguidos de 8 dias de ração de recria à vontade, T3 - jejum de ração por 3 dias seguidos de 7 dias de ração de recria à vontade. Não foi utilizado jejum hídrico. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 tratamentos, 7 repetições e 8 aves por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros analisados para os dois experimentos foram consumo de ração ave dia (CR), produção de ovos (POAD), ovos comercializáveis (OC), peso de ovos (PO), massa de ovo (MO), conversão alimentar por massa de ovo (CAMO), conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovo (CADZO), gravidade especifica (GE), viabilidade (VIAB) e peso corporal (PI, PF, GP e PP). Para o experimento I não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) para os parâmetros analisados (CRAD, PO e GE). Para POAD houve diferença (P<0,05), sendo que as aves do tratamento com 2 dias de jejum e 8 dias de ração de recria (T2) obtiveram melhor desempenho, no entanto o mesmo tratamento resultou em elevada mortalidade. Para CADZO e CAMO houve diferença significativa (P<0,05), sendo que os melhores valores foram para o tratamento controle (T1) e o tratamento com 2 dias de jejum e 8 dias de ração de recria (T2). O método de jejum alimentar por 2 dias, seguidos de 8 dias de ração de recria à vontade, é o melhor para induzir muda forçada em codorna japonesa, porém, a muda forçada realizada por meio das técnicas testadas não foi capaz de promover melhora da produtividade das codornas japonesas no período pós muda. Para o experimento II não houve efeito significativo (p>0,05) dos tratamentos para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. No entanto, observouse que em valores absolutos, a POAD do tratamento controle (T1) foi superior a 10,45% em relação ao tratamento jejum de 2 dias (T2) e superior a 4,44% ao tratamento jejum de 3 dias (T3). Para VIAB o tratamento controle (T1) foi inferior a 4,76% em relação ao tratamento jejum de 2 dias (T2) e inferior a 1,86% ao tratamento jejum de 3 dias (T3). O método de jejum alimentar por 3 dias, seguidos de 7 dias de ração de recria à vontade, é o melhor para induzir muda forçada em codorna japonesa, porém, a muda forçada realizada por meio das técnicas testadas não foi capaz de promover melhora da produtividade das codornas japonesas no período pós muda.

The adaptive significance of Pavlovian conditioning has been an established idea within the learning literature. Pavlov himself indicated the potential for associative learning's role as an adaptive mechanism. As investigations into Pavlovian conditioning moved into the laboratory, the idea of adaptive significance was lost. The current body of work seeks to re-establish the adaptive importance of Pavlovian conditioning by investigating changes in the reproductive behavior of Japanese quail. Experiment 1 was a preliminary exploration of the relationship between the reproductive behaviors of the male and female Japanese quail, and fertility rates. Fertility rates were highly correlated with female immobility and male copulatory efficiency--a measure of copulatory behavior quality for males. Also, female immobility was highly correlated with male copulatory efficiency. In Experiment 2, changes in reproductive behavior and fertility due to Pavlovian conditioning were examined. The results indicated that Pavlovian conditioning altered the fertility rates for subjects if both partners of the copulatory pair were signaled. The Pavlovian conditioning procedure was refined for Experiment 3, which also showed changes in fertility rates as well as male copulatory efficiency. These experiments served to establish that Pavlovian conditioning can increase copulatory behavior and fertility when both partners of the copulatory pair are signaled. Experiments 4 - 6 investigated how factors related to the Conditioned Stimulus impact reproductive behavior and fertility rates. Experiment 4 showed that altering the CS-US interval for females did not produce significant differences in behavior or fertility. Experiment 5 demonstrated that context could be a viable CS in the Pavlovian conditioning of behavior and fertility. Experiment 6 showed that a naturalistic cue did not significantly alter either behavior or fertility over an arbitrary cue. In Experiment 7, visual access as an Unconditioned Stimulus in the Pavlovian conditioning of reproductive behavior was examined. Visual access to a female increased behavior and fertility over a control procedure, but not as much as full copulatory access. The present experiments provide definitive evidence of the adaptive significance of Pavlovian conditioning through changes in reproductive behavior and fertility. The relevance of the findings to Pavlovian conditioning in other behavior systems is discussed. / text

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-06-28T10:58:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1006290 bytes, checksum: d80f2801cae3da41dc310620aeab353e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T10:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1006290 bytes, checksum: d80f2801cae3da41dc310620aeab353e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos com o objetivo de estabelecer a relação metionina mais cistina digestível: lisina digestível e estimar as exigências em metionina mais cistina digestível e lisina digestível para codornas japonesas em crescimento e postura. No experimento I, foram utilizadas 540 codornas fêmeas, com a idade inicial de sete dias e peso médio de 21,50g, durante 35 dias. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e 18 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis relações metionina mais cistina digestível: lisina digestível (0,48, 0,53, 0,58, 0,63, 0,68 e 0,75). No experimento II utilizaram-se 510 codornas fêmeas, com a idade inicial de sete dias e peso médio de 22,90g, durante 35 dias. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições e 17 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiam de seis níveis de lisina digestível (0,938, 1,037, 1,136, 1,235, 1,334 e 1,433%). Para o experimento II, a relação metionina mais cistina digestível: lisina digestível utilizada foi à determinada no experimento I (0,66). Em ambos os experimentos, foram mantidos as relações aminoacídicas, no perfil de proteína ideal. No experimento III foram utilizados 360 codornas fêmeas, com a idade inicial de 45 dias, e peso médio de 137,0 g. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições de 10 animais cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis relações metionina mais cistina: lisina (0,60, 0,65, 0,70, 0,75, 0,80 e 0,85). No experimento IV, foram utilizadas 300 codornas fêmeas, com idade de 49 dias e peso médio de 138,0 g. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições e dez animais cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis níveis de lisina digestível (0,800, 0,900, 1,000, 1,100, 1,200 e 1,300%). No experimento IV, a relação metionina mais cistina digestível: lisina digestível utilizada foi aquela verificada no experimento III (0,80). Em ambos experimentos foram mantidos as relações aminoacídicas no perfil de proteína ideal. No experimento I, os tratamentos influenciaram de forma quadrática, o consumo alimentar, a conversão alimentar, o empenamento, a composição química (matéria seca, água, proteína e extrato etéreo) e a deposição de proteína corporal, influenciando linearmente o peso final e o ganho de peso das codornas. No experimento II, não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o peso final, consumo alimentar e na composição química (matéria seca, água, proteína e extrato etéreo) e deposição de proteína corporal, apresentando efeito quadrático sobre o ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, ocorrendo efeito linear sobre o consumo de lisina. No experimento III, os tratamentos não influenciaram a conversão alimentar e o peso final das codornas, apresentando efeito quadrático sobre a taxa de postura, peso dos ovos, massa dos ovos e porcentagem da casca dos ovos e efeito linear para o consumo alimentar. Para o experimento IV, verificou-se efeito quadrático sobre a taxa de postura, massa de ovos e conversão alimentar, e efeito linear sobre o peso dos ovos e consumo alimentar, não tendo sido verificado efeito significativo sobre o peso final das codornas. Conclui-se que as exigências em metionina mais cistina digestível e lisina digestível, para codornas japonesas dos sete aos 42 dias de idade, foram respectivamente 0,758 e 1,180%, para um consumo diário de 91,43 mg de metionina mais cistina digestível e 152 mg de lisina digestível, e a relação metionina mais cistina digestível: lisina digestível foi estimada em 0,66. Para as codornas japonesas em postura, as exigências em metionina mais cistina digestível e lisina digestível, foram respectivamente 0,727 e 1,117%, para um consumo diário de 164 mg de metionina mais cistina digestível e 254 mg de lisina digestível, sendo a relação metionina mais cistina digestível: lisina digestível estimada em 0,80. / Four experiments were carried out to estimate the best digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio and the requirement in digestible methionine plus cystine and digestible lysine for growing and laying Japanese quail. In Experiment I, five hundred forty 7 days old female quails, weighing 21.50g were used during 35 days. Completely randomized blocks design was used with five replicates and 18 females per experimental unity to study the effect of six digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratios (0.48, 0.53, 0.58, 0.63, 0.68 and 0.75) on traits measured during the growing period. In Experiment II, five hundred ten 7 days old female quails, weighing 22.90g were used during 35 days. Completely randomized blocks design was used with five replicates and 17 females per experimental unity to study the effect of six digestible lysine ratios (0.938, 1.037, 1.136, 1.235, 1.334 and 1.433%) on traits measured during the growing period. For the experimental II, the relation digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine utilized was determinate in experiment I (0.66). In both experiments, the amino acids relations were in the profile of ideal protein. In experimental III, three hundred sixty 45 days old female quail, weighing 137.0g were used in four experimental periods of 28 days each. Completely randomized blocks design was used with six replicates and 10 females per experimental unity to study the effect of six digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratios (0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 e 0.85) on traits measured during the eggs production period. For experiment IV, Three hundred 49 days old female quail, weighing 138.0g were used in four experimental periods of 28 days each. Completely randomized blocks design was used with five replicates and 10 females per experimental unity to study the effect of five digestible lysine ratio (0.800, 0.900, 1.00, 1.100, 1.200 e 1.300%) on traits measured during the eggs production period. For the experimental IV, the digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio utilized was estimated in experiment III (0.80). In both experiments was maintained the amino acids ratio, in the profile of ideal protein. In experiment I, the effect of the amino acids on feed intake (g), feed conversion (g/g), feather rate (%), chemical composition (%) (dry matter, water, crud protein, ether extract) and protein deposition bodily was quadratic and the effect on final body weight (g) and weight gain (g) was linear. In the experiment feed intake (g), chemical composition (%) (dry matter, water, crud protein, ether extract) and protein deposition bodily, to feed conversion (g/g) and weight gain (g) the effect was quadratic, the effect of digestible lysine intake (g) was linear. In the experiment III, no significant effect of treatments on feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs). Quadratic effects was observed for final body weight (g), eggs production (%), egg weight (g), eggs mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and shell egg (%), and for feed intake (g) the effect was linear. In experiment IV quadratic effect for eggs production (%), eggs mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs) and linear effect shell egg (%) and feed intake (g). The nutritional requirements for Japanese quail from the 7 to 42 days of age, in digestible methionine plus cystine and digestible lysine were 0.758 and 1.180% respectively, and 91.43 mg of digestible methionine plus cystine and 152 mg of digestible lysine intake. The estimated digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio was 0,66. The nutritional requirements for laying Japanese quail, in digestible methionine plus cystine and digestible lysine were 0.727 and 1.117% respectively, and digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio was estimated in 0,80, and 164 mg of digestible methionine plus cystine and 254 mg of digestible lysine intake. / Não foi localizado o CPF do autor.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:37:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_5653_CARLOS EDUARDO LINO PINTO.pdf: 349790 bytes, checksum: 0b5a39835b34dcdbb8395cf62729741e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-05 / Com este estudo objetivou-se determinar os níveis de fósforo disponível (Pdisp) para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em período de postura. Foram utilizadas 648 codornas japonesas produtoras de ovos para consumo, alojadas em gaiolas do tipo bateria, com dimensões de 0,9 x 0,33 x 0,15 m, e distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições sendo nove aves/unidade experimental. Foi elaborada dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja, formulada para atender as recomendações nutricionais, exceto para fósforo disponível. Esta continha 2.900 kcal EM/ kg de ração, 20% de proteína bruta, 3,05% de cálcio, 0,10% de fósforo disponível, 1,05% de lisina digestível, 0,720% de metionina+cistina e 0,730% de treonina digestível. A esta dieta basal, foi adicionado fosfato com diferentes granulometrias (fina ou grossa) e o calcário, em substituição ao material inerte, de forma a obter cinco níveis de fósforo disponível (0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40 e 0,50%) para cada granulometria utilizada. Em conclusão, a recomendação de fósforo disponível, varia em função da granulometria do fosfato utilizado. Desta forma, para granulometria fina foi encontrado o nível 0,44% de fósforo disponível, e para fosfato de granulometria grossa, o nível de 0,385% de fósforo disponível para codornas no segundo ciclo de postura. / The aim of this study was to determine the levels of available phosphorus forJapanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the laying period. 648 Japanese quails were used producing eggs for consumption, in cages like battery, with dimensions of 0.9 x 0.33 x 0.15 m, and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, eight replicates and nine hens/experimental unit. Was prepared diet based on corn and soybean meal, formulated to meet nutritional recommendations, except for available phosphorus. It contained 2900 kcal/kg, 20% crude protein, 3.05% calcium, 0.10% phosphorus, 1.05% of lysine, 0.720% methionine+cystine and threonine 0.730% digestible. To this basal diet, phosphate was added with different particle sizes (fine or coarse) and limestone, replacing the inert material in order to obtain five levels of available phosphorus (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50%) for each particle size used. In conclusion, the recommendation phosphorus, varies depending on the granulometry of phosphate used. Thus, for finely was found at 0.44% available phosphorus, and coarse, the level of 0.385% phosphorus for quails position in the second cycle.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gravena_ra_me_jabo.pdf: 355154 bytes, checksum: 6b3c1d3b26dd1a29847fca631b14fa2a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o efeito da suplementação da dieta de codornas japonesas na fase de postura recebendo os tratamentos controle, 0,35; 0,70 e 1,05 mg de Se orgânico/kg de ração sobre o desempenho das aves, qualidade dos ovos e o efeito do mineral sobre os ovos armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos. Aves com 70 dias de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo 8 aves por parcela e 6 repetições para cada tratamento, totalizando 24 parcelas. Foram realizados 4 ciclos de postura com 14 dias cada, e ao final de cada ciclo foram avaliadas as características de desempenho (consumo diário de ração, peso dos ovos, porcentagem de postura, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos e viabilidade) e qualidade dos ovos (porcentagens de albúmen, gema e casca, unidade Haugh, índice gema, espessura de casca e gravidade específica). No último ciclo de postura foram coletadas as gemas e os albúmens de três ovos de cada parcela para posterior quantificação de Se nos ovos. Nos quatro últimos dias do ciclo final de postura foram coletados ovos para armazenamento em temperatura ambiente (28±2ºC) e refrigerado (4ºC) em diferentes períodos (0, 10, 20 e 30 dias), constituindo um delineamento fatorial 4x4x2. Não houve efeito da suplementação com Se orgânico sobre as características de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos. Durante o período de armazenamento, a suplementação com Se orgânico foi capaz de melhorar o índice gema quando as aves receberam 0,35 mg de Se orgânico/kg de ração / The objetive of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of japanese quails receiving the following treatments control, 0.35; 0.70 e 1.05 mg organic Se/kg diet on bird performance and egg quality and the effect mineral on eggs stored at different temperatures and periods. Seventy days birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with 8 birds per pen and 6 replicates for each treatment, totaling 24 plots. Four cycles of laying every 14 days were performed, and at the end of each cycle the performance characteristics (feed intake, egg weight, egg production, feed conversion (per mass and dozen), and viability) and egg quality (percentage of albumen, yolk and shell, Haugh unit, yolk index, shell thickness and specific gravity). In the last cycle 3 eggs per replicate were collected for egg yolks and albumens analysis for and quantification of Se in eggs. In the last four days of the end of laying eggs were collected for storage at room temperature (28±2 ºC) and refrigerated (4 ºC) at different periods (0, 10, 20 and 30 days), in a 4x4x2 factorial design. No effect of supplementation with organic Se on performance traits and egg quality was observed. During the storage period supplementation with organic Se was able to improve the yolk index values when the birds received 0.35 mg of organic Se/kg diet

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vercese_f_me_botfmvz.pdf: 499084 bytes, checksum: e9070bee19e12429c7bbf0b7cc0adb1f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre o desempenho e qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas foi realizado um experimento utilizando-se 480 aves na fase de pós-pico de produção. As aves foram alojadas em uma câmara bioclimática com controle automático de temperatura, contendo duas baterias compostas de cinco andares e dez gaiolas, com capacidade para 24 aves cada gaiola, divididas em dois grupos: 240 aves no grupo controle (21°C) e 240 aves no grupo experimental, com temperaturas contínuas de 24, 27, 30, 33 e 36°C em períodos de 14 dias. O período experimental, com duração de 105 dias, foi dividido em cinco ciclos de 21 dias (um ciclo para cada temperatura), sendo 14 dias na temperatura teste e sete dias na temperatura termoneutra. No final de cada ciclo experimental foi avaliado o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos. Para todos os tratamentos, as rações foram isonutritivas e isocalóricas. Para a avaliação do desempenho e da qualidade dos ovos utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualisado com dois tratamentos (temperatura termoneutra e temperatura teste) e dez repetições de 24 aves por parcela. A elevação da temperatura piora o consumo de ração, reduz o peso dos ovos, a produção e a massa de ovos. Em temperaturas superiores a 27°C houve piora na qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. / In order to evaluate the effect of temperature on performance and egg quality of Japanese quails was conducted an experiment using 480 birds in the post-peak production. The birds were housed in a climate chamber with automatic temperature control, with two batteries composed of five floors and ten cages for up to 24 birds in each cage, divided into two groups: 240 birds in the control group (21oC) and 240 birds in the experimental group, which temperatures of 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36°C. The experiment, lasting 105 days, was divided into five 21-day cycles (one cycle for each temperature), and 14 days at test and seven days a thermoneutral. At the end of each experimental cycle was evaluated performance and egg quality. For all treatments, the diets were isocaloric and isonutritives. For the evaluation of performance and quality of eggs used a completely randomized design with two treatments (temperature and thermoneutral temperature test) and ten replicates of 24 birds per plot. Elevated temperature worsens the feed intake, egg weight, production and egg mass. At temperatures above 27°C worsened the internal and external quality of eggs.