Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-06T18:12:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Julia Turques de Andrade.pdf: 1064976 bytes, checksum: 54ca992146b137a90f860fcff36f1705 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T18:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Julia Turques de Andrade.pdf: 1064976 bytes, checksum: 54ca992146b137a90f860fcff36f1705 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / CAPES / Conservation Unit is the territorial space including the jurisdictional waters with defined limits to which conservation rules are applied. The participative management is guaranteed through the law of SNUC and the decree 4.340/2002 that possesses a chapter exclusively about Conservation Units Council. The objective of this work was to analyze the participative management in conservation Units from one case study, the one of Petr?polis EPA. The present work is organize in three chapters the first treated the mobilization process for the creation of the Petropolis EPA council. In this chapter the period was analyzed from the beginning of the mobilization for construction of the governance, making for the creation of the council in 1997 to the council officialization in 2000. Chapter II treat of the participation and the representativity of this council. In this chapter three analysis were accomplished, the first considered the criterion-stablished by the law 9.985/2000 and of the decree 4.340/2002, the second analysis was made by categories of stablishe analysis for this work that were: numbers of meetings for year; number of participants at the meetings; composition of the Council; number of institutions evvolution; relation between the number of institutions and the population; relation between number of institutions and the municipal sistrict areas belonging to the Unit; institutions not beloning to theCouncil that attend the meetings and closing this chapter, the third analysis was centered in stablished criteria by other tree authors in 2003. The criteria adopted by these author were based on the beginnings of a governance good list of the United Nations Program for the Development (PNUD). In the chapter III were analyzed the implemented actions in the Council ambit, as well as the projects and the way as happens the communication between the Councilo and the populatikon. With this Petropolis EPA Council assisted to stablished criteria for SNUC, it presented good representativity, strong participation of the civil society, however needing incentive to the frequency of institution. The Petropolis EPA Council assisted the criteria of governance good, presenting a good communication with the population. / Unidade de Conserva??o s?o ?reas com limites definidos cuja fun??o ? a conserva??o da biodiversidade. A gest?o participativa nestas ?reas ? garantida atrav?s da Lei do SNUC e do decreto 4.340/2002 que possui um cap?tulo exclusivamente sobre Conselhos de Unidades de Conserva??o. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a gest?o participativa em Unidades de conserva??o a partir de um estudo de caso, o da APA Petr?polis. O presente trabalho ? dividido em tr?s cap?tulos, sendo que o primeiro trata do processo de mobiliza??o para a cria??o do Conselho da APA Petr?polis, neste cap?tulo foi analisado o per?odo desde o in?cio da mobiliza??o para constru??o da governan?a, passando pela cria??o do Conselho em 1997 at? a oficializa??o do Conselho em 2000. O cap?tulo II trata da participa??o e da representatividade deste Conselho, neste cap?tulo foram realizadas tr?s an?lises, a primeira considerou os crit?rios estabelecidos pela Lei 9.985/2000 e do Decreto 4.340/ 2002. A segunda an?lise foi feita atrav?s de categorias estabelecidas para a realiza??o deste trabalho, s?o estas: N?mero de reuni?es por ano; n?mero de participantes nas reuni?es; composi??es do Conselho; evolu??o do n?mero de institui??es; rela??o do n?mero de institui??es pela popula??o; rela??o do n?mero de institui??es pelas ?reas dos munic?pios pertencentes ? Unidade; institui??es n?o pertencentes ao Conselho que assistiram as reuni?es. E por fim a terceira an?lise do cap?tulo ? centrada em um dos crit?rios estabelecidos por outros tr?s autores em 2003, crit?rios estes que foram baseados nos princ?pios de uma lista de boa governan?a do Programa das Na??es Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). No cap?tulo III foram analisadas as a??es implementadas no ?mbito do Conselho, assim como os projetos e a forma como se d? a comunica??o do Conselho com a popula??o. Com isto o Conselho da APA Petr?polis atendeu aos crit?rios estabelecidos pelo SNUC, apresentou boa representatividade, com participa??o forte da Sociedade Civil, por?m necessitando incentivo ? presen?a das institui??es. E apresentou tamb?m no per?odo de estudo uma boa comunica??o com a popula??o.

Soft power is a significant aspect of India’s identity in the international community. Moreover, India has committed itself in being a cooperative, active member of the international community. In an alternative theory of power within the field of international relations, I argue that while soft power reasons that states are not only shaped by threats, bribes, persuasion, and co-optation, but also by norms. Strikingly, India was pushed by the United States and the Soviet Union to join the Security Council in 1950 and 1955 respectively as a permanent seat member. However, India refused these offers and instead, supported the People’s Republic China for the position. Since the early 1990s, India has actively pursued permanent membership to the Security Council and various reforms by convincing other countries to support its bid. Thus, in the case of India and its quest for permanent membership in the Security Council, an alternative way of thinking about soft power is the ability to serve as an effective player in international politics and influencing other countries’ long-standing positions and preferences on this matter.

A proposição de tema desta pesquisa baseia-se nas reflexões resultantes do trabalho de iniciação científica realizado pela autora. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho evidenciou que a participação da sociedade civil é um importante fator para o êxito do desenvolvimento econômico e social em bases sustentáveis. Assim, o propósito desta pesquisa é avançar com o debate sobre os mecanismos de participação, principalmente os conselhos gestores, como determinantes do desempenho da gestão municipal no tocante à conservação ambiental, saúde pública, justiça social e viabilidade econômica. Objetivo. Analisar a contribuição do Conselho de Representantes de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense CRPPA para a governança local. Metodologia. Esta pesquisa é classificada como estudo de caso explorátorio. Foram entreivtsados 16 conselheiros do Conselho de Representantes de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense e 9 gestores, que não fazem parte do conselho, da Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense. Além disso foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e análise quali-quantitativa dos dados. Resultados. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que o CRPPA vêm contribuindo satisfatóriamente, na visão dos entrevistados, nas questões como engajamento social, transparência, prestação de contas; igualdade e inclusão social, corrupção, sustentabilidade e respeito às leis. Verifica-se, também, que o CRPPA não está atuando nas questões como competir no ambiente global, capcidade de trabalher em parceira e equidade. Conclusão. O Conselho de Representantes de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense constitui espaço em potencial para a construção da governança local, entendida aqui como a relaçao entre Estado e sociedade. / The proposal of this research is basically the result of reflections on a scientific initiation work carried through the author. During its development, it has been evidenced how important factor is the society for the success social and appropriate basis! Thus, the goal of this research is to keepon debating ways of participation mechanisms,mainly the managing advice as determinative of the performances of the municipal actitudes in regards to the environment preservation, people health, social justice and economic viability. Objective. Analyse Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense Representatives Council - CRPPA contribution for the local governance. Methods. This research has been classified as study of case. It has applied questionary to 16 members of CRPPA and 9 managers, who don´t take part as members of the council. Also, was make bibliographical and documentary researchs and quali-quantitave analysis data were carefully presented. Results. The data demonstrated that CRPPA has been contributing on a satisfactory way in questions such as their engament transparency accountability, equalities and social inclusion, ethical and honest behavior, sustainability and respect for the rules of law. It is also noticed that CRPPA has not been acting in questions concerning to equity, ability in order to compete in the global environment and skill to an effective work in partnership. Conclusion. Based on the informations obtained, it was concluded that the CRPPA has constituted an important and potential space for the local government, here with the concept of relation between State and Society.

Ineffective environmental policies pose a problem for municipalities as they strive to create sustainable communities. Improving these policies may establish standard practices that assist municipalities in meeting related environmental goals. Statistics show the municipalities within this study operate at different levels of goal achievement. Little is known, however, about the influences that directly affect the development of environmental policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the ways in which public officials address environmental issues and the factors considered in policy discussions that lead to their decisions. The theoretical framework comprised Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition and Arrow's rational choice theory. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of city council members within a region of 10 cities in southern California. Interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 5 city council members from 4 adjoining cities, 1 city staff member, and 1 agency representative with knowledge of all 10 cities. Data were analyzed with 3 cycles of coding to identify themes and patterns. Emergent themes included meeting community needs, educating the public, being fiscally responsible, and "doing the right thing." Participants recognized the effect of their personal influences and biases, particularly religious beliefs, on environmental policy decisions, although political affiliation appeared to be unrelated to these biases. The implications for positive social change include informing and educating both public officials and community members about regional environmental issues and their related community needs and goals.

Food insecurity (FI) is a significant risk factor in malnutrition which can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The association of FI to undernutrition can additionally lead to impaired cognitive development in children. Nearly $100 billion is spent annually on federal nutrition programs yet FI still affects 1 in 8 American households pointing to the urgent need for the further refinement of our national/regional anti-hunger models. One notable and underutilized tool is the community food security assessment (CFA) which seeks to eliminate FI at the local level by improving food access throughout the community. A major limitation in knowledge about CFAs is the dearth of empirical studies of their effectiveness. The principal aim of this dissertation research was to statistically examine secondary data on U.S. counties where CFAs have been conducted and to determine whether they helped reduce individual FI over a two-year, post-test period. Repeated measures of ANOVA across the longitudinal time frame for n=66 counties revealed the main effect of FI was not statistically significant. A majority (56.9%) of 37 counties experienced a decrease in FI over the period. Linear regression found that unemployment was a significant influence in communities that experienced decreases in individual FI at the county level during the pre-test/post-test interval (β = .387 [.067], p<.01). This dissertation found that CFAs can be more effective in areas of higher unemployment as well as geographically where FI is initially higher, however further research is clearly needed in more communities over a longer time period. Also, the study suggests that proper development and structure of state and local-level food policy councils (FPCs) may lead CFAs to find better structure, funding and best practices to become more effective. Overlays prepared with ArcGIS mapping demonstrate that, in general, CFAs are not being performed in areas of highest FI when measured at the county level. The most important take-away from the visual mapping is the dearth of studies performed in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the country where county-level FI is higher, on average, than the rest of the country. These regions coincide with much of the Southern Black Belt and areas where Hispanic or Latino populations are most prevalent suggesting that communities in these regions may be able to benefit from the intervention.

This thesis examines public participation in regional development in Saudi Arabia at the local government level. The main objective of the study examines the current policies and practices of Riyadh Regional Council with regard to regional development, paying particular attention to the issue of public participation. Key decision-makers and decision locations are identified as focal points of policy development and implementation. The work begins from the premise that public participation is one of the key elements of effective regional policy that has so far been under-researched and consequently under-utilised in the Saudi Arabian context. The research opens by examining the national and cultural context of regional development in Saudi Arabia. It identifies and examines the relationship between policy development and the traditions and constitutional arrangements. These considerations are followed by an interrogation of the literature that reveals a range of concepts and perspectives on regional development and public participation. Of particular relevance to this study is the importance of the ‘institutional turn’ in regional development and the role of public participation in enhancing the functioning of those institutions associated with regional development. Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on revenues generated from the export of crude and refined petrochemicals. This places Saudi Arabia in a category of nations that are liable to suffer from the ‘resource curse’. The literature suggests that avoiding this particular phenomenon is in part dependent on having robust institutions. This firmly connects the research problem to previous research and provides a sound rationale for the conduct of the study. / Interpretivism is advanced as a suitable philosophical framework for the conduct of the research. It offers a methodological rationale for a case study investigation that draws on a range of qualitative data sources. Such an approach is especially useful for examining situations that are bound in time and space and can provide theoretical and practical insights that are useful in other contexts. This research presents new insights into how local government in Saudi Arabia can develop strategies for enhancing public participation in the creation of regional development policies and practices. There has been recent rapid economic development in Saudi Arabia that has influenced overall planning directions and development achievements and made it possible for the government to achieve systematic progress in long-term economic diversification into industrialisation, education, health, transport, and communication and social services. Even so, the Saudi Arabian government is concerned about increasing public participation in all areas. The formation of the regional councils in 1992 can be considered as a step towards public participation in the socio-economic development of their regions. However, the findings of this research demonstrate that there is a need for creating new policies and techniques to help regional councils in improving their performance to meet the needs of their citizens, and public participation is a key to achieving this end. To do this it is recommended that the councils should be granted executive and legislative authority to enable them to take adequate decisions and work together with citizens in ways that will increase their participation leading to enhanced transparency and accountability and effective regional development policy. / Following the findings, a set of recommendations are provided to improve the role of Riyadh Regional Council in enhancing public participation in regional development. This thesis closes with suggestions and directions for future research with regard to the potential contribution to the public sector management literature. The findings of this research provide benefits for policy makers to correct, maintain, and eliminate any obstacles facing administrative policies and consequently provide a long-term strategy that could incrementally be implemented in stages throughout time. The research methods, ideas and insights developed here could also be adapted and applied to other nations facing similar issues.

This study confronts a problem in labour history revolving around the place of women in the paid workforce which has been present in western society since industrialisation, which in Australia’s case dates from the 1860s and 1870s. This problem emerges forcefully over one critical debate: the rate for women’s wages compared with that of men’s. An analysis of the Council of Action for Equal Pay (CAEP) 1937-1948, brings into focus the complex questions associated with the issue. Women’s place in the paid workforce had to be reconciled with their assigned primary role in society as wives and mothers and the designated duty of the male as the family breadwinner who had an unassailable right to paid employment at higher rates of pay than women.

Research on environmental advocacy has tended to focus on outcomes and achievements rather than the processes through which these are achieved. In addition, minimal research has attended in detail to the complexity of environmental advocacy, or explored measures to through which to enhance advocates’ prospects of success. The environment movement itself has given scarce attention to promoting the skills, abilities and predispositions that contribute to effective advocacy. Indeed, most environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs) in Australia appear to believe that scientific or expert knowledge will be sufficient to influence environmental decision-makers and consequently provide minimal training or education to enhance advocacy. This thesis is a response to these problems. It seeks to develop an understanding of, and model for, activist education and training in the Australian environment movement. The two main bodies of literature that inform the study are social movement and adult education literature. The former provides the context for the study. Social movement theorists present various explanations of how and why environmental activists work for change. These theorists also discuss the organisational structures and modes of operation typically adopted by activists. The second body of literature is utilised in this thesis to provide a synthesis of relevant educational orientations, traditions and practices. Popular, experiential and adult environmental education offer promising strategies for advocacy organisations that seek to enhance activists’ skills and abilities. The research questions posed in this study lie at the convergence of these two bodies of literature. Two empirical studies were undertaken during this inquiry. The first was conducted with the Queensland Conservation Council, an environmental advocacy organisation where the researcher was employed for five years. The study drew on methods and techniques associated with ethnography and action research to identify, implement and evaluate a range of interventions which aimed to educate and train advocates. Three cycles of inquiry generated useful insights into environmental advocacy and identified useful strategies through which advocacy may be enhanced. The second study, a case study based on interviews and observation, explored the Heart Politics movement. The ethnographic research methods utilised in this case study resulted in a rich description and critical appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of Heart Politics gatherings as activist education. These two studies contributed to the development of a grounded and endogenous theory of education and training for environmental advocacy. This theory is based on a set of observations concerning the provision of activist education: (1) that most activist learning occurs informally and unintentionally through participation in social action such as environmental campaigns; (2) that this learning can be assessed according to a five-category framework and tends to favour specific categories including the development of social action and organisational development skills rather than alternative categories such as political analysis and personal development; (3) that this informal learning can be harnessed and enhanced through strategies which situate learning in the context of action and promote heightened awareness of the learning dimension of social action; and (4) that a key obstacle to education and training in the environment movement is a conspicuous lack of professional development or support for the people involved in facilitating and coordinating activist education activities and programs. These people are often volunteers and infrequently possess qualifications as educators or facilitators but are more likely to be seasoned activists. They tend to work in isolation as activist education activities are sporadic, geographically diffuse and ad hoc. These observations along with other insights acquired through participatory action research and ethnographic inquiry led to a set of conclusions, some of which have already been implemented or initiated during the course of this study. The first conclusion is that strategies to promote the professional development of activist educators may benefit from the development of texts tailored to the tactical orientations and political and other circumstances of Australian environmental advocacy groups. Texts, alone, are considered an inadequate response. The study also concludes that informal networks, formal and informal courses and other strategies to assist collaboration and peer learning among activist educators offer considerable benefits. Other conclusions pertain to the benefits of collaborating with adult educators and tertiary institutions, and professionals, to the relative merits of activist workshops and other forms of delivery, to the opportunities for activist training presented by regular environment movement gatherings and conferences and to the significant merits of promoting and supporting mentorship relationships between novice and experienced activists.

The Victorian general election of 1859 occurred during a time of social transition and electoral reformation, which extended the vote to previously unrepresented adult males. Gold discoveries, including those on the Ovens, triggered the miners’ insistent demands for access to land and participation in the political process. The thesis identifies issues, which emerged during the election campaign on the Ovens goldfields, surrounding Beechworth. The struggle centred on the two Legislative Assembly seats for the Ovens and the one Legislative Council seat for the Murray District. Though the declared election issue was land reform, it concealed a range of underlying tensions, which divided the electorate along lines of nationality and religion. Complicating these tensions within the European community was the Chinese presence throughout the Ovens. The thesis suggests the historical memory of the French Revolution, the European Revolutions of 1848 and the Catholic versus Protestant revivals divided the Ovens goldfield community. The competing groups formed alliances; a Beechworth-centred grouping of traders, merchants and the Constitution’s editor, ensured the existing conservative agenda triumphed over those perceived radicals who sought reform. In the process the land hungry miners did not gain any political representation in the Legislative Assembly, while a prominent Catholic squatter who advocated limited land reform was defeated for the Legislative Council seat. Two daily Beechworth papers, Ovens and Murray Advertiser and its fierce competitor, the Constitution and Ovens Mining Intelligencer are the major primary sources for the thesis.

The communication of information between employers and employees is gaining increased attention in the theory and practice of industrial relations. The views of trade unions on aspects of information communication have been neglected despite the ability of trade unions to affect the success or failure of attempts by employers to communicate with their employees. The purpose of this research report is to establish some tentative conclusions as to trade union views on information communication in general, and the more specific method of communication involving employee reports. Findings of the report are based on data collected by means of a mall questionnaire survey involving all unions affiliated with the Labor Council of New South Wales in May, 1979. Analysis is performed manually using non parametric tests in accord with the nominal characteristic of the data. The most significant finding of the report is that the majority of trade unions are in favour of employers issuing employee reports. This view is not affected by the size of the unions, the public sector concentration of the unions, nor the political ideology of the unions. Trade unions also believe that the most important information for inclusion in employee reports is safety and health information, closely followed by future employment levels and prospects, pay and conditions, and balance sheets.