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Service reliability is one of the main factors influencing public transport level of service and, thus, passengers’ satisfaction. Public transport services are subject to various sources of uncertainty related to traffic conditions, public transport operations and passenger demand. Passengers are able to form their perception of trip attributes and service reliability through accumulating experiences of repetitive travel choices. Perceived service reliability can be improved either by increasing the ground-truth service reliability (e.g. introduce exclusive bus lanes, control strategies etc.) or by providing real time information (RTI) to passengers. However, RTI prediction schemes might not be perfectly accurate and thus, passengers might be able to account for the reliability of the provided information as well. The learning mechanism of individuals becomes, as a result, an important component in Dynamic Transit Assignment Models (DTAM) which enables accounting for how perceived reliability of service and the provided information evolves, through iterative network loading. This thesis provided the modeling framework for passengers’ perception of reliability and its effects on decision making with respect to path choice. Within-day effect is represented through the incorporation of scheduling constraints, while passengers’ learning mechanism accounts for updates in their expectations and the perceived level of information credibility in the day-to-day context. The proposed model was applied to Stockholm’s rapid transit network which was simulated in BusMezzo, an agent-based public transport assignment model. The application used the real-world timetables, vehicle schedules and RTI prediction scheme. Passengers’ learning function was analysed under various specifications which corresponded to different levels of adaptation. The results highlight the importance of capturing service uncertainty and the credibility associated with alternative information sources, while they stress the need for empirical estimation and validation of the proposed model. This study also provides the framework for future evaluation of measures which aim to improve service reliability.

The purpose of the study was to investigate how a plaintiff's story is valued in rape convictions and to see what could affect the credibility and reliability of the plaintiff and defendant. The study used 40 rape convictions from Svea Hovrätt distributed between 2017 and 2021, which were read through several times based on content analysis. The results were analyzed on the basis of theories such as the ideal victim, critical victimology and with a social constructionist perspective. Previous research in the same field was also used. The results of the study showed that there were no major differences between the years, but a small difference could be sensed where the bearing in the plaintiff's story weighed heavier in 2021 than 2017. What affected the reliability and credibility depended on whether it was the defendant or plaintiff. An indication of negative discrimination could also be noted concerning racialized persons, which mostly turned out to be due to language difficulties. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur en målsägandes berättelse värderas i våldtäktsdomar och för att kontrollera vad som kunde påverka trovärdigheten och tillförlitligheten för målsägande och tilltalad. I studien användes 40 våldtäktsdomar från Svea Hovrätt fördelade mellan 2017 och 2021, vilka lästes igenom flertalet gånger med utgångspunkt i innehållsanalys. Resultatet analyserades utifrån teorier som ideala offret, kritisk viktimologi och med ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv. Även tidigare forskning inom liknande områden användes. Studiens resultat visade att det inte fanns större skillnader åren emellan men det kunde anas en liten skillnad där bäringen i målsägandes berättelse vägde tyngre 2021 än 2017. Vad som påverkade tillförlitligheten och trovärdigheten var beroende av om det gällde den tilltalade eller målsäganden, vilket kunde synas i bedömningen av trovärdighet och tillförlitlighet vid berusning. En antydan till negativ särbehandling kunde också noteras rörande rasifierade personer vilket mestadels visade sig bero på språksvårigheter. / <p>En ambitiös uppsats uppsatts med intressant delvis juridisk dock även kriminologiskfrågeställning. Omfattande empiri. Delvis adekvat men möjligen lite väl omfattande och därför något spretigt teorival. Adekvat val av metod. Till uppsatsens obetingade styrkor hör att både kvalitativ ochkvantitativ metod används Välskriven även om visa språkliga skavanker kan observeras. Det förhållandevis ringa antalet fall samt analysmetoden har ger inte författarna möjligheteratt till fullo besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. Bl.a. kunde man inte vänta sig attförändringar över tiden skulle kunna upptäckas om de inte var mycket dramatiska. Jag skulle också önska mer djupgående och integrerad avslutande diskussion. Men min sammanlagda bedömning är dock att det är en bra uppsats.</p>

Corporate social marketing (CSM) refers to "a means whereby a corporation supports the development and/or implementation of a behavior change campaign intended to improve public health, safety, the environment, or community well-being" (Kotler & Lee, 2005a, p.114). The examination of CSM by professional sport organizations (PSOs) is significant since these organizations have the potential to serve as a particularly meaningful vehicle for promoting socially beneficial ideas and behavior (Chalip, 2006; Kaufman & Wolff, 2010; Loakimidis, 2007; Smith & Westerbeek, 2007). Despite this, little investigation has been undertaken in this research area (Irwin, Irwin, Miller, Somes, & Richey, 2010; Sparvero, 2010). Furthermore, no comprehensive framework exists that explains the process of how CSM influences consumer voluntary behavior in general business disciplines (Du, Sen, & Bhattacharya, 2008). The purpose of this study was to address this gap and investigate the role of corporate credibility in understanding the process of how PSOs influence consumer voluntary behavior through their CSM initiatives. The current research focused on corporate credibility based on previous research findings indicating that the credibility of a message source greatly influences the persuasiveness of its communication (e.g., Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953; Pornpitakpan, 2004). This study developed a theoretical model positing that consumers would formulate their perceptions regarding the credibility of a PSO on supporting environmental protection ("environmental credibility") based on: (1) characteristics of the organization, (2) characteristics of the CSM initiative, and (3) characteristics of the cause. Environmental credibility, in turn, was expected to influence consumer pro-environmental behavior measured by daily recycling involvement and recycling intentions during the PSO's home games. The model further proposed that value congruence would have mediating and moderating effects on the relationship between environmental credibility and pro-environmental behavior. To test this theoretical model, the study collected data from fans of two PSOs that currently operate environmental initiatives. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was employed to analyze the data (n = 368) obtained through web-based questionnaires. The SEM results indicated that the following four of the eight hypothesized antecedents of environmental credibility had significant positive effects: general credibility, perceived effort, perceived impact, and cause importance. Furthermore, environmental credibility was found to positively influence the two recycling behaviors as expected. Contrary to the theoretical propositions, however, the results did not find support for the positive mediating and moderating effect of value congruence. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the literature by highlighting the role of corporate credibility when PSOs engage in CSM initiatives. Moreover, this research, as well as future endeavors, helps PSOs become an effective vehicle for promoting socially beneficial behavior, which ideally can lead to positive social change. / Tourism and Sport