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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
691

Právní otázky poskytování bankovních úvěrů / Legal issues of providing bank credits

Pavčová, Sandra January 2011 (has links)
The main objective of this thesis is to map and analyze the legislation that relates to each question of the whole process of providing bank credits, and state the most important changes. The work is divided into six chapters, where each chapter presents the area, which is related to providing of credits and includes analysis and explanation of its legislation. Emphasis is placed on new legislation of the Consumer Credit Act and more attention is also devoted to the exaction of debts and significant amendment of the Law on Arbitration and enforcement of arbitral awards.
692

A realização econômica no capitalismo como uma grande pirâmide financeira : o papel do crédito / The economic realization in capitalism as a pyramids schemes : the role of credit

Van Noije, Paulo, 1981- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Bruno Martarello De Conti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T06:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanNoije_Paulo_D.pdf: 4388677 bytes, checksum: d0f5bf16ef493c4f8341d7146c487117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As economias capitalistas apresentam, recorrentemente, situações em que nem todas as mercadorias são vendidas, aspecto que nem sempre é levado em conta pela teoria ortodoxa. O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma análise teórica de macroeconomia dinâmica para ver o que gera esse problema e o que permite que ele seja contornado. Defende-se na tese que: i) não só a possibilidade de haver reserva de valor que gera esse problema, mas também o fato da produção distribuir um poder de compra menor do que o preço de oferta agregada, por conta do lucro, causando a necessidade de que ocorram gastos autônomos em relação ao poder de compra distribuído para que as duas variáveis ¿ preço de oferta agregada e poder de compra ¿ possam se igualar; ii) a realização econômica no sistema depende de um permanente crescimento dos passivos (e.g. crédito), com novos recursos sendo criados e direcionados para a circulação das mercadorias. Porém, a implicação direta da resolução do problema no período corrente é a ampliação do problema para os períodos seguintes, devido aos efeitos causados por essa solução nos balanços patrimoniais ¿ ativos e passivos. A metodologia utilizada partirá de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema da realização econômica, passando para a construção de modelos teóricos simplificados, com o intuito de verificar em que circunstâncias ocorrem o problema da realização e, por fim, apresentará as características que aproximam a resolução desse problema, pelo sistema capitalista, ao mecanismo de funcionamento das pirâmides financeiras. Para tanto, essa pesquisa estudará não só os fluxos econômicos, como também os determinantes das decisões que envolvem os estoques financeiros e de riqueza / Abstract: Capitalist economies have, repeatedly, situations where not all the goods are sold, an aspect that is not always taken into account by the orthodox theory. The objective is to make a theoretical analysis of dynamic macroeconomics to see what generates this problem and allowing it to be bypassed. It is argued in the thesis that: i) not only the possibility of a store of value that generates this problem, but also the fact of production distribute less purchasing power than the aggregate offer price, on account of profit, causing need for autonomous spending to occur in relation to purchasing power distributed so that the two variables - aggregate offer price and purchasing power - can match; ii) the realization in the system depends on a constant increase in liabilities (eg credit), with new features being created and directed to the movement of goods. However, the direct implication of the resolution of the problem in the current period is the expansion of the problem for the following periods due to the effects caused by this solution in the balance sheet - assets and liabilities. The methodology start with a literature review on the topic of realization, reaching the construction of simplified theoretical models in order to ascertain under what circumstances occur the realization problem and finally present the characteristics approaching the resolution of this problem, by the capitalist system, as the operation mechanism of pyramids schemes. Therefore, this research will study not only the economic flows, as well as the determinants of decisions involving financial and wealth stocks / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
693

Developing a business plan for Media Benefits Corporation: First Entertainment Credit Union's credit union service organization

Cuevas, Anthony Christopher 01 January 2006 (has links)
This project develops and analyzes a business plan for Media Benefits Corporation, a subsidiary of First Entertainment Credit Union. The business plan will address the recent trend to move certain services back to the credit union and make recommendations as to how Media Benefits Corporation should continue to exist. Issues concerning liability will also be addressed in the plan.
694

Assessing the impact of micro-lending programmes in the informal sector in Cape Town. A case study, The Nations Trust Organization

Ibrahim, Sabir. M. January 2003 (has links)
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / The promotion of widespread entrepreneurship through the setting up of small and medium sized enterprises (SMMEs ) is crucial for the transformation to a market economy and the democratisation of society in \the new South Africa. SMMEs are recognized as an engine of economic \ \growth and a source of sustainable development. Within this sector micro , 1nd small enterprises are of special importance because they are considered as the cradle of entrepreneurship, particularly in environments facing high ketllPIQYII'1:en!and poverty,. as j!) the case ~~.South Africg,
695

How to attribute credit if you must

Meiklejohn, Luke S 19 August 2021 (has links)
Data ownership is of fundamental importance in the digital economy of today. Commercializing academic research, whilst maintaining ownership of it, is a task that can now be accomplished due to the strengths of blockchain technology, which allows data to be registered, made unique, and traced to its origins. We propose a blockchain use-case for licencing academic research, based off an academic project named UniCoin. In this thesis, we discuss how to fairly attribute credit between all sources of knowledge that contribute to new pieces of academic research, using citation network analysis and centrality measures. Katz centrality, in-degree centrality, and PageRank are three potentially useful centrality measures, with varying results: these are compared using case studies based on three papers co-authored by Andrei Shleifer. We use these centrality measures to guide how to fairly attribute credit, and thus how to distribute licencing revenues generated through UniCoin.
696

The effectiveness of the National Credit Act 2005 in curbing consumer indebtedness

Mlandu, Nobambo 25 March 2010 (has links)
The growing level of credit extension in South Africa has received a lot of attention recently, more so as household debt, as a percentage of disposable income, tests record highs. It has been argued that this growth in household debt has been driven by ease of access to credit, with authorities going so far as to suggest that lenders have been extending credit ‘recklessly’. The National Credit Act was enacted on the premise that consumers need to be protected from this practice. The Act thus exerts pressure on the credit lenders to assess the consumer’s ability to repay, disclose the cost of credit, as well as setting limit on interest that can be charged. The aim of the research is to investigate the effectiveness of the Act in curbing consumer indebtedness and how it can lead to consumer behavioural attitudes and actions toward credit use. The research was carried out in two stages. The purpose of the first phase sought to explore the effectiveness of the Act by consulting with those charged with supervision of the Act (the regulator) and those implementing the Act (credit providers), while the second phase conducted a survey amongst consumers to establish their levels of awareness and understanding of the Act, and how they would model their behaviours differently, so as to curb their indebtedness. The results derived from the research show that an overwhelming acceptance of the Act, its intentions and desired outcomes amongst credit provider and the regulator, and the general need for consumer protection. Consumers, on the other hand indicate a low level of awareness of the Act, its intentions and how it is likely to impact on their finances, making it difficult to tell if it can lead to changes in levels of consumer indebtedness. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted
697

A critical analysis of the transactions to which the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 applies

Du Pisani, Annelize 10 September 2012 (has links)
Due to the ineffectiveness of previous credit consumer legislation to deal with the demands of a complex consumer market, a need for legislative reform in this area arose in South Africa. The National Credit Act was introduced to create a single system to regulate credit and to address the shortcomings of the previous consumer credit legislation. The Act came into full force and effect on 1 June 2007. it has a wider field of application that its predecessors and offer greater protection to consumers who enter into credit agreements with credit providers. The Act applies to all credit almost all credit agreements between parties dealing at arm's length and made, or having an effect within the Republic of South Africa, subject to certain exclusions. Three main categories of credit agreements can be identified in the Act. They are credit facilities, credit transactions and credit guarantees. The second main category also has sub-categories of agreements which are also defined in the Act. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the different credit agreements but it remains important since different rules apply in respect of each credit agreement. In order to distinguish a credit agreement from another, it is important to look at the elements of each definition closely and to identify characteristics which are unique to that specific agreement. It is widely accepted that every credit agreement contains two essential elements. Firstly there has to be a deferral of payment by the credit provider in respect of a debt owed by the consumer and secondly the credit provider charges a fee or interest in respect of the deferred payment. It is interesting in this regard that some of the definitions in the Act do not require a fee or interest to be levied such as in the case of a mortgage agreement or a secured loan. Coincidentally, these two definitions are also problematic in the sense that they introduce concepts which are not recognised in our legal system, it will be interesting to see what our courts make of these concepts and how they will go about incorporating it into the general principles of South African law. The different agreements to which the Act applies and their irregularities will be discussed and critically analysed. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Private Law / unrestricted
698

The field of application of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 : a critical over view of the agreement

Myburgh, N.F. (Nicolaas Frans) January 2014 (has links)
The credit industry in South Africa has grown exponentially over the past two decades. Previously the industry was regulated by different Acts that had to be interpreted jointly, and while there was an overlap between them they also differed. The dual implementation made consumer credit an extremely difficult and confusing environment, especially for the consumer. Global movement towards socio-economic type legislation and in an effort to bring a solution to the eminent credit crisis resulted in new consumer protection law. Enacted on 10 March 2006 and phased in stages over a 12 month period from 1 June 2006 till 1 June 2007 the National Credit Act has a wider field of application than any of its predecessors, bringing with it a single platform for consumer credit regulation. The management of the credit relationship between the credit provider and the consumer is largely by agreement or in other words contract. The National Credit Act to a considerable extent codifies this relationship. The NCA applies to every credit agreement between parties dealing at arm’s length and made within, or having an effect within, the Republic. This definition is subject to limitations and the exclusions. The way in which the NCA defines its field of application may differ from its predecessors and even common law. The Act defines three main types of credit agreements namely credit facilities, credit transactions and credit guarantees. Credit transactions also consist of eight subcategories. It is critical to distinguish between these different credit agreements and the manner in which the Act defines them must be scrutinised. This is not only important to determine if a certain agreement is a credit agreement in terms of the National Credit Act, but also if the Act applies, to what extent. Unfortunate grammatical construction and word choice by the legislator does not assist in this task. How the Act defines its field of application in relation to the types of agreement it applies to will be critically discussed and analysed. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Private Law / unrestricted
699

Aspects of the debt enforcements in terms of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 : a critical evaluation

Chabalala, E.C. (Elizabeth Chileshe) January 2013 (has links)
No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmchunu2014 / Mercantile Law / unrestricted
700

A comparative analysis of government farm input support programmes and private sector credit programmes in promoting agricultural growth in Zambia

Lukwesa, Herman January 2014 (has links)
This study assesses the impact on agricultural productivity of the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP) as well as the impact of credit provided to small-scale farmers by commercial banks. It compares the two strategies by government (i.e. FISP which is a government subsidy programme and government grants to commercial banks for on-ward lending to small-scale farmers). This is to determine which policy intervention is promoting agricultural growth among the targeted farmers. The study hypothesises that subsidies through FISP and credit from private lending institutions allow farmers to have access to production inputs and reduces production costs. This enables farmers to maximise output leading to an increase in productivity and growth. This study was done by conducting a survey and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) criterion are the methods used and the tool for analysis was the Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS). Simple random multistage stratified purposive sampling was used in selecting household respondents. Multistage in the sense that the farm settlements were not defined in a particular pattern with house numbers. Stratified purposive sampling in the sense that farmers had to be separated according to the kind of institution they benefited from. The sample size for the study was 140 individual household for small-scale farmers. Major findings of the study showed that loan beneficiary farmers were investing more in productive assets compared to FISP beneficiary farmers. They had even showed elements of diversification as they were investing more in small livestock such as chickens, goats and pigs unlike the FISP beneficiaries. They had also spent a total of Zambian Kwacha (ZMW) 48, 100 compared to ZMW 28, 462 spent by FISP beneficiaries on productive assets. In terms of investments for assets used in the home, we concluded that both groups had a similar lifestyle but FISP farmers had a higher standard of living compared to loan beneficiary farmers as they had spent 10.6% more in terms of expenditure. The field plots under cultivation were grouped into three categories, i.e. farmers who cultivated plots below 2.5 hectares, 2.6 hectares to 5.0 hectares and above 5.1 hectares to assess which category of farmers was showing growth in terms of land under cultivation. For the 11% FISP beneficiaries who had graduated from the below 2.5 hectares of land being ploughed to the middle bracket, only 1% of the farmers managed to sustain their increase in ploughed land. There were no farmers who managed to plough above 5.1 hectares of land under the FISP category. As for the loan beneficiary group, we see movement in all three categories indicating growth in terms of productivity. We noticed that from the 4% farmers who managed to graduate from the below 2.5 hectares category to the 2.6 hectares to 5.0 hectares category, a further 3% of the beneficiaries managed to graduate to the above 5.1 hectares of area ploughed. We determined variability in output by examining its relationship with independent variables such as educational level attained, fertiliser quantity used, maize seed quantity used and access to assets (oxen) ceteris paribus. Only fertiliser and hybrid maize seed use were found to be statistically significant with p-values below 5% and 10% significant levels respectively in both cases. A 1 kilogram (kg) increase in fertiliser and hybrid maize seed use would result in a 0.69% and 0.26% increase respectively in the quantity of 50 kg bags harvested for FISP beneficiary farmers. A 1 kg increase in fertiliser and hybrid maize seed use would result in a 0.83% and 0.11% increase in the quantity of 50 kg bags of maize harvested by the loan beneficiary farmers. Comparing the two beneficiary groups in terms of productivity and income earned through the sale of maize on the market, the loan beneficiary group was found to be doing far much better compared to the FISP group. In the 2009/10 farming season, the loan group sold a total of 6754 bags of maize compared to 3428 bags sold by the FISP group. In the 2010/11 farming season, the loan group sold 7769 bags as opposed to the 4606 bags sold by the FISP group while in the 2011/12 farming season, the loan group sold a total of 9151 bags of maize on both markets compared to 4822 bags of maize that was sold by the FISP group. Though it may be difficult to distinguish the real effects of both the FISP and loan programme on its beneficiaries due to lack of baseline information based on regression results alone, and claim that it has made either group better than the other, it is clear that the fertiliser support policy is working better for loan beneficiaries when compared to FISP beneficiaries. This gives them an edge in income over FISP beneficiaries and graduates them into higher brackets of productivity and asset possession leading to higher yields, more income and increased growth in agricultural productivity in general. It is recommended that educational level attained should be one of the major criteria for farmer selection when introducing new advanced technologies to increase productivity. The other recommendation is that, to invest in improved ploughing methods such as use of oxen, the area under cultivation should not be less than 2.5 hectares. It is also recommended that government should increase service delivery in an efficient manner as it has positive externalities on farmers dealing with the private sector as well other than just those targeted farmers they are servicing under the FISP programme. / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / MScAgric / Unrestricted

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