This research looks at the best practices applied by forensic investigators in conducting lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects. The researcher explored, firstly, how a lifestyle audit relates to white collar crime investigations; secondly, the best practices in performing lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects, and lastly, the various sources of information available to forensic investigators when conducting a lifestyle audit of a white collar crime suspect. As lifestyle audits will serve as an investigative tool in future forensic investigations into white collar crime, this study’s aim was to understand and create an awareness of the current best practices applied by forensic investigators within private sector forensic investigation practices while conducting lifestyle audits during white collar crime investigations. It also makes available research data regarding the concept of lifestyle audits in white collar crime investigations, the implementation of these audits, the benefits, and the best practices of these audits. The general purpose of this study was to provide practical recommendations on the best practices for lifestyle audits for forensic investigators within private sector. / Criminology / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

This research looks at the best practices applied by forensic investigators in conducting lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects. The researcher explored, firstly, how a lifestyle audit relates to white collar crime investigations; secondly, the best practices in performing lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects, and lastly, the various sources of information available to forensic investigators when conducting a lifestyle audit of a white collar crime suspect. As lifestyle audits will serve as an investigative tool in future forensic investigations into white collar crime, this study’s aim was to understand and create an awareness of the current best practices applied by forensic investigators within private sector forensic investigation practices while conducting lifestyle audits during white collar crime investigations. It also makes available research data regarding the concept of lifestyle audits in white collar crime investigations, the implementation of these audits, the benefits, and the best practices of these audits. The general purpose of this study was to provide practical recommendations on the best practices for lifestyle audits for forensic investigators within private sector. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

In this thesis the process by which crime investigation, detection and prosecution became an integral function of the British police service is analysed through an examination of public records, contemporary papers and documents, and by reference to the literature on policing. The impact of the adoption of that function on the role, organisation and management of modem British policing is then assessed. It is established that at its foundation by Robert Peel's Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, the British professional police service was intended to be a purely preventive and protective body of uniformed patrolling constables. The function of crime investigation, detection and criminal prosecution was then subsequently added to its responsibilities by government using administrative rather than any democratic or legislative means, thus creating the present dual crime prevention and crime detection role of the police. Major recurrentp roblemse xperiencedb y the modemB ritish police servicea re identified as arising from that change in its original functions and purposes, and proposals for action to resolve them are set out.

Since the open door policy, the PRC’s social structure has been deteriorating and its social stratums have been broadening along with the economic development. Comparing to the long-standing social stability before the open door policy, the central CPC has worried about the deteriorating development of social order and crime problems triggered by the redistribution of wealth. The central CPC thought that the Ministry of Public Security could not handle the social order and crime problems with its old system and functions. The problems would have great negative impact on the CPC’s ability of internal control, if the police systems and functions had not been reformed or improved. This study has found that on the basis of the highest guideline of “one center and two basic points,” the progressive reform steps taken by the Ministry of Public Security were as follows. First, it aimed at the reform of police organs and administrative systems. Second, it focused on the reform of police assignments system. Third, it stressed on the reform of grass-roots police and stations. Lastly, it emphasized on the reform of the concept of law enforcement and the quality of the police. To sum up, there were four development shifts on police. The first one was the reform of police organs and administrative duties from 1979 to 1996. The second one was the reform of police assignments system form 1997 to 2002. The third one was the combination of crime control, prevention and crackdown by police stations and community policing from 2003 to 2005. The fourth one was the three-base project from 2006 to 2008. The new Minister, Meng Jen-tzu, took office at the end of 2008 and he addressed “the three-construction” project as the further and sequent fulfillment of the three-base project. The related developments of the three-construction project are still going on. How they shape the functions and roles of the Ministry of Public Security requires sequent observation.

The aim of this research is to investigate guidelines for formulating questions to interview applicants of identity documents, for the use of the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) officials during the interviewing of applicants of identity documents. The research further intends to share and introduce a number of important concepts, namely: Interviewing, Crime Investigation, Information, Identity Docu-ment, Immigration Officer, Department, and Case File. The research will explain the objectives of investigation and guidelines for developing proper questions for use by officials of the DHA, to test information on new applicants of identity documents. The object of the investigation is to obtain information to prove the correct techniques on how to interview appli-cants of identity documents. It further explains that criminal investigation can be defined as the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence, to deter-mine what happened and who is responsible. Interviewing is defined as the process of gathering testimonial evidence through interviewing, and it has a predetermined objective, namely discovering the truth about the matter under investigation. It is also explained that during guidelines for formulating relevant questions to use to enable the official or immigration officer to formulate test questions that are clearly understood better by DHA. The relevant questions should be formulated by DHA officials, so that the questions get to the heart of the issue. This can enable the official to avoid applicants submitting fraudulent documents which could later result in litigation. The research will assist in decreasing the high rate of corruption, and also litigation, as these represent the main problem of the research. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-27T12:57:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 3970525 bytes, checksum: 39e07f9cc235df6c2bbd16e72422bb54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T15:48:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 3970525 bytes, checksum: 39e07f9cc235df6c2bbd16e72422bb54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T15:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 3970525 bytes, checksum: 39e07f9cc235df6c2bbd16e72422bb54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear as práticas de apurar crimes, desempenhadas por um inspetor de polícia, nos interrogatórios policiais da Delegacia de Repressão a Crimes Contra a Mulher (doravante DRCCM). A relevância deste trabalho deve-se ao fato de a atividade de apurar crimes, nos interrogatórios policiais, ser fundamental para a composição do processo criminal, encaminhado ao judiciário para punição dos acusados. Esta pesquisa baseia-se no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise da Conversa de base Etnometodológica (SACKS, SCHEGLOFF e JEFFERSON (2003 [1974]) para o mapeamento sequencial dessas práticas, que são construídas localmente nas interações dos interrogatórios policiais. O trabalho insere-se no panorama da Linguística Aplicada das Profissões (SARANGI, 2005). Considerando que a apuração se processa, sobretudo, por meio de sequências de pares adjacentes de pergunta e resposta, a análise parte do estudo das práticas de apurar crimes executadas por um policial, e das perguntas e/ou afirmações que as implementam. Este estudo evidencia que, através de tais práticas, o policial atinge a sua meta institucional, tentando coletar informações que comprovem a materialidade dos delitos. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que das oito práticas detectadas, em apenas duas, o policial consegue as informações criminais que ele busca obter. Apesar de a maioria dessas práticas não tenham sido eficazes para o policial comprovar a materialidade dos delitos, destaca-se que o conhecimento adquirido pelos policiais civis dessas práticas possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento do trabalho policial nas Delegacias de Polícia, de modo que os próprios policiais reflitam sobre o seu fazer investigativo e busquem novas práticas que possam ajudá-los na obtenção de informações relacionadas aos delitos. / The purpose of this thesis is to map out the practices of investigating crimes led by the police officer in the police interrogations at an All-female Police Station. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that the act of investigating crimes in police interrogations is fundamental for the whole criminal process that it is then sent to the court for the correct punishment of the accused. This research is based on the methodological and theoretical references of Conversation Analysis Ethnomethodology (SACKS, SCHEGLOFF e JEFFERSON (2003 [1974]) for the sequential mapping out of these practices, which are done locally in the interactions of the police interrogations. This work is part of the so called Applied Linguistics of Professions panorama (SARANGI, 2005). Considering that the investigation is processed, above all, through the adjacent pairs of question and answer sequences, the analysis goes from the study practices of investigating crimes done by a police officer, and the questions and/or statements that they implement. This study shows that, through such practices, the police officer reaches his institutional goal in trying to collect information to prove the materiality of crimes. The results of this research show that of the eight practices detected, in only two, the police officer collects the criminal information that he seeks to obtain. Although most of these practices have not been effective to the police officer proves the materiality of crimes, it is emphasized that the knowledge gained of these practices by the police officers can contribute to the development of police work within the Police Stations, in a way that the police officers can reflect upon their interrogation techniques and seek new ways to help them get information related to the crimes.

This research was initiated as a result of the ever-evolving sophistication of criminal syndicates in their perseverance of organised crime and their use of electronic covert methodologies. Based on the researcher’s extensive managerial and operational experience, and on his unofficial observation of prosecutors, investigators and intelligence operatives, it became clear to him that there is a lack of evidence in court regarding serious and organised crime prosecutions. This can be attributed to the lack of use of investigative techniques, or investigative techniques being incorrectly used and/or a lack of knowledge regarding the use of investigative techniques. One such example of an investigative technique is surveillance or electronic surveillance. In this research study, the use and legality of electronic surveillance as a technique in the fight against organised crime, is discussed. Both national and international literature have been perused on the topic in question. Interviews were conducted with experienced former SAPS officers who were exposed to the use of electronic surveillance in the investigation of organised crime, as well as interviews with prosecutors, outlining the positive attributes of, as well as the shortcomings in, the use of electronic surveillance as an investigative tool in the investigation of organised crime. Surveillance or electronic surveillance has been in existence for a long period of time, but its usage or “know how” has been limited to only a few. The main purpose of the research is to highlight the importance of electronic surveillance as a covert technique in the investigation of organised crime. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Criminal Justice)

The research was conducted as a result of the researcher‟s concern that the possibility exists that members of the different law enforcement agencies in South Africa might have a misconception about the mandate and functions of the Financial Intelligence Centre. If such a misconception in fact exists, it poses a huge challenge towards fruitful co-operation among the Centre and the different law enforcement agencies. The researcher identified certain practical problems, namely, that investigators are not aware of the types of intelligence that the Centre could provide them with, and that investigators might not be informed about the specific procedures to follow when they need to request intelligence from the Centre. The research has shown that, in the past, the Centre has been a useful source of crime intelligence concerning a range of predicate offences including narcotics, fraud and tax related crimes. The research has further found that, although the majority of participants gained a lot of experience in law enforcement and investigations, they had limited awareness about the Financial Intelligence Centre and its functions. This research project studied the utilisation of the Financial Intelligence Centre as a crime intelligence source. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The research was conducted as a result of the researcher‟s concern that the possibility exists that members of the different law enforcement agencies in South Africa might have a misconception about the mandate and functions of the Financial Intelligence Centre. If such a misconception in fact exists, it poses a huge challenge towards fruitful co-operation among the Centre and the different law enforcement agencies. The researcher identified certain practical problems, namely, that investigators are not aware of the types of intelligence that the Centre could provide them with, and that investigators might not be informed about the specific procedures to follow when they need to request intelligence from the Centre. The research has shown that, in the past, the Centre has been a useful source of crime intelligence concerning a range of predicate offences including narcotics, fraud and tax related crimes. The research has further found that, although the majority of participants gained a lot of experience in law enforcement and investigations, they had limited awareness about the Financial Intelligence Centre and its functions. This research project studied the utilisation of the Financial Intelligence Centre as a crime intelligence source. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The escalating number of cash-in-transit robberies in South Africa is of major concern and this requires information in South African electronic newspaper articles as a source of intelligence. The aim of this study is to determine if newspaper articles on Cash-in-transit robbery can be a source of intelligence. The researcher identified sources which can be used for data collection that could be turned into intelligence. Electronic newspaper articles were explored and turned into informative documents in terms of information that can be gathered about cash-in-transit robberies. The researcher discussed the available sources of intelligence and intelligence that can be gathered through newspaper articles. The researcher conducted the study with the purpose of exploring, describing, and empowering. Exploring existing method used to gather intelligence on crime and CIT robberies, exploring and the topic under investigation the by consulting national and international sources and local newspaper articles, in order to obtain new knowledge on the problem, exploring if newspaper articles could provide intelligence on CIT robberies, by examining existing literature to gather information about the sources of intelligence. Furthermore, the researcher also wanted to describe how newspaper articles can be used in the investigation of CIT robberies. Lastly, to ensure that this research is made available to other researchers who have an interest in exploring the sources of information and the crime intelligence-gathering process. To accomplish this, the researcher examined national and international literature found in textbooks, research articles; master’s dissertations and PhD theses; newspaper articles (online); and searched the internet with the intention of finding data that could answer the research questions. / Police Practice / M.A. (Criminal Justice)