228 f. / Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-01T14:03:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THAIS BANDEIRA OLIVEIRA - Dissertação.pdf: 986181 bytes, checksum: 88d433940010ba8c3b50b18385aca1cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura(anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-01T14:04:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 THAIS BANDEIRA OLIVEIRA - Dissertação.pdf: 986181 bytes, checksum: 88d433940010ba8c3b50b18385aca1cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-01T14:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THAIS BANDEIRA OLIVEIRA - Dissertação.pdf: 986181 bytes, checksum: 88d433940010ba8c3b50b18385aca1cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade estudar a Lavagem de Capitais como fenômeno de uma nova tendência do Direito Penal, em incriminar novas condutas, fruto de um movimento expansionista, e sob a fundamentação de tutelar novos bens jurídicos. A pesquisa desenvolve-se sobre bases históricas, tratando da proteção da ordem econômica pela própria Constituição Federal. Para além disso, é estudado o contexto internacional na criminalização destas novas demandas. Os crimes de colarinho branco apresentam-se enquanto nova espécie de criminalidade. E, neste movimento de justiça penal universal, é explicado o próprio surgimento da Lavagem de Dinheiro. A partir daí, são visto os principais aspectos da Lei 9.613/98, com largo enquadre crítico, procurando entender se as finalidades da pena estão mesmo atendidas com esta nova tipificação. É questionado o próprio conceito de função e qual o fundamento da tutela penal, fazendo-se uma abordagem das teorias legitimadoras e deslegitimadoras do Direito Penal. Questiona-se, inclusive, a própria incriminação enquanto símbolo, enquanto álibi para o legislador. Por fim, busca-se racionalizar esta expansão do Direito Penal, encontrando-se o equilíbrio entre a nova tutela e o garantismo implícito à repressão criminal. / Salvador

ANDRÉ, Diego de Maria. Three essays on applied microeconometrics with spatial effects / Diego de Maria André. - 2016. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Fortaleza, 2016. 95f. / Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T19:04:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_dmandré.pdf: 4840701 bytes, checksum: efb991cff6cb98f625a67878b4cf7975 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T19:05:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_dmandré.pdf: 4840701 bytes, checksum: efb991cff6cb98f625a67878b4cf7975 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T19:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_dmandré.pdf: 4840701 bytes, checksum: efb991cff6cb98f625a67878b4cf7975 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This Thesis consists of three independent essays on applied microeconometrics. The first chapter applies theoretical and empirical tools of spatial econometrics to analyze the determinants of residential water demand function for the city of Fortaleza (Brazil).We estimated three econometric models, which have as explanatory variables the average/marginal price, the difference, income, number of male and female residents and the number of bathrooms, under different spatial specifications: the Spatial Error Model (SEM), the Spatial Autoregressive model (SAR), and finally, the Spatial Autoregressive Moving Average model (SARMA), which is the model that best fitted the data. Results suggest that not controlling for spatial effects is a key specification error, underestimating the effect of almost all variables in the model. Sometimes, these differences can be as high as 24.66 % and 13.32 % for price elasticity in the Average Price and the McFadden models, respectively. In the second chapter we estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for a first order stochastic reduction on the risk of robbery, for the city of Fortaleza (Brazil). Inspired by Cameron and DeShazo (2013), we develop a simple choice model that nests a process of contingent valuation (CV) among lotteries and estimate it by both parametric maximum likelihood and geographically weighted regression (GWR). For the global model (i.e., without spatial effects), we estimated an average WTP of R$ 23.35 per month/household, and an implicit value of a statistical robbery approximately equal to R$ 11,969 per crime avoided. For the local model (GWR), we implement a protocol to calculate a surface of WTP using Kriging techniques. The results suggests that although peripheries present lower willingness to pay, as long as we go inwards there is plenty of heterogeneity on its spatial distribution for risk reductions. In the third chapter we analyzed how undergraduate students’ academic performance is affected by theirs classmates, by means of a “discontinuity design”. With data from Ceará Federal University (UFC), we employed regression discontinuity design (RDD) to estimate the difference between entering in the first semester class or second semester class. Due to the great courses availability, we assign each course into one of four categories depending on its admitted students’ results at the entrance exam. Then, we proceed the estimation exercise using a multi-treatment effect model. Results show that students who were ranked just above the cutoff (first semester class) had an academic performance 2% smaller (-0.19) than students who were ranked just below the cutoff (second semester class). Moreover, we found non-linearities in this effect, as well as Sacerdote (2001) and Zimmerman (2003), with intervals between 0.5 to -0.18. / A presente tese é composta por três capítulos, independentes entre si, em microeconometria aplicada. O primeiro capítulo aplica o instrumental teórico e empírico da econometria espacial para analisar os determinantes da demanda residencial de água para a cidade de Fortaleza (Brasil). Estimamos três modelos econométricos, que tem como variáveis explicativas o preço médio/marginal, a diferença, renda, número de homens e mulheres residentes, número de banheiros, sob diferentes especificações espaciais: O modelo de erro espacial (SEM), o modelo espacial autorregressivo (SAR) e o modelo espacial autorregressivo de médias móveis (SARMA), sendo o modelo SARMA o que melhor se ajusta aos dados. Os resultados indicaram que não controlar pelos efeitos espaciais é uma fonte de erro de especificação, subestimando o efeito de quase todas as variáveis. Algumas vezes, essas diferenças podem chegar a 24.66% e 13.32% para a elasticidade-preço no modelo de preço médio e no modelo de McFadden, respectivamente. No segundo capítulo estima-se a disposição a pagar (WTP) pela redução estocástica de primeira ordem no risco de ser roubado, para a cidade de Fortaleza (Brasil). Inspirado por Cameron e DeShazo (2013), desenvolveu-se um modelo simples de escolha que aninha o processo de avaliação contingente (CV) entre loterias e estimou-se por máxima verossimilhança paramétrica e pelo modelo de regressão geograficamente ponderada (GWR). Para o modelo global, isto é, sem efeitos espaciais, estimou-se uma disposição a pagar média de R$ 23.35 por mês/por residência, e um valor implícito de um roubo estatístico de R$ 11,969 por crime evitado. Para o modelo local (GWR), implementou-se o protocolo da krigagem para calcular uma superfície de disposição a pagar. Os resultados sugerem que embora na periferia a disposição a pagar seja menor, à medida que vamos para o centro da cidade existe muita heterogeneidade na distribuição espacial da disposição a pagar para a redução do risco de roubo. No terceiro capítulo analisou-se como o rendimento acadêmico de alunos universitários é afetado pelos seus colegas de sala, através de um desenho descontínuo. Utilizando dados da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), empregamos o modelo de regressão descontínua (RDD) para estimar a diferença entre entrar na turma do primeiro ou do segundo semestre. Devido à quantidade de cursos disponível na nossa base de dados, classificamos os cursos em quatro categorias, de acordo com as notas de entrada no vestibular. Então, procedemos com a estimação de um modelo multi-tratamento. Os resultados mostram que os alunos que foram classificados um pouco acima do limite de vagas (turma do primeiro semestre) têm rendimento acadêmico 2% menor (-0.19) do que alunos que tiveram classificação um pouco abaixo desse limite (turma do segundo semestre). Ademais, encontramos não linearidades nesses efeitos, assim como Sacerdote (2001) e Zimmerman (2003), com intervalos entre 2.5 e -0.18.

The main goal of this thesis is complete description of all typical aspects of methodology for investigation of robbery, including ilustration of all the specifics, that distinguish this methodology from other investigative methodologies. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which are related and organized mostly according to the model of the criminological publications. The first chapter deals with a crime of robbery from the point of view of criminal law. The first subchapter describes the historical progression of the legal regulation of this crime from antiquity to the present. The second subchapter is focused on the current legislation, which is contained in the Criminal Code. The second chapter is focused on robbery from the point of view of criminology. In the first subchapter is characterized a typical criminal situation, according to the aspects of the crime scene, the time of committing robbery and the character of the object under attack. The second subchapter describes typical ways of committing robberies, focusing on acts committed with a firearm. The following two subchapters are devoted to the motivation of the offender to commit a robbery and then to the offender himself. The fifth subchapter deals with victims of robberies. The third chapter is devoted to the theoretical...

This dissertation contains three essays on topics including crime, credit constraints, education, athletics and health. Tying the works together is a set of empirical tools that have come to define the field of labor economics and the pursuit of causal inference. Chapter II contains an analysis of the effects of a school-based incentive program on children's exercise habits. The program offers children an opportunity to win prizes if they walk or bike to school during prize periods. I use daily child-level data and individual fixed effects models to measure the impact of the prizes by comparing behavior during prize periods with behavior during non-prize periods. Variation in the timing of prize periods across different schools allows me to estimate models with calendar-date fixed effects to control for day-specific attributes, such as weather and proximity to holidays. In Chapter III, I present evidence of the causal effects on crime of access to small, high cost, short term consumer credit, known as payday lending. Using within-state geographic as well as inter-temporal variation in access to payday loans, I estimate the effect of access to payday lending on all types of crime. I find a substantial effect only for financially motivated offenses, with access to payday lending leading to approximately five additional arrests per 100,000 residents monthly. The estimated effects are concentrated in larceny, fraud, and forgery. The final chapter turns back to education to assess high school athletics' role in affecting athletes' attendance patterns. The key result that emerges from the analysis is that in-season athletes miss significantly less school relative to athletes out-of-season. School absences in boys decline by nearly 8% as a result of being in-season, though the effects are much larger for black boys, particularly with respect to unexcused absences. Paying careful attention to issues of identification, this dissertation presents three essays contributing to the literature broadly categorized as labor economics. Each seeks to understand the role of changing incentives and opportunities on individuals' decision making processes, in order to inform policy makers wishing to craft effective public policies. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material. / 10000-01-01

The thesis examines African urbanisation in Dar es Salaam in the British colonial period and the official response to this phenomenon. It is divided into three parts. In Part One colonial urban policy is discussed. British officials initially showed a marked antipathy towards African urbanisation. The true home of the African was considered to be in the rural areas where his tribal society not only catered for his social and economic needs but also provided a medium through which he could conveniently be administered. Beginning in the 1940s there was a revision of colonial policy. The inevitable growth of permanent African urban communities was acknowledged. An attempt was made to nurture a 'respectable' class of urban African. At the same time, however, antipathy towards urbanisation persisted. Officials continued to display concern about the deleterious effects of the urban environment on the 'upcountry native', and in particular the growing problem of unemployment. Part Two is concerned with crime in Dar es Salaam. The most immediate aspect which informed official antipathy to African urbanisation was its role in the spread of criminality. Anxiety over the presence of growing numbers of Africans in the capital, many of whom had no regular formal employment, was closely associated with the problem of urban lawlessness, which grew ever more serious as the years passed. This lawlessness was in part a product of strict colonial legislation which criminalised both customary and informal economic activities. In the final part of the thesis, attempts to control urban growth are examined. Throughout the colonial period Tanganyikan officials argued for the introduction of a pass system to stem the rural-urban flow. Political considerations ruled it out, however. Faced with a burgeoning urban population and limited resources with which to administer it, colonial officials increasingly resorted to the expulsion of Africans from the town back to their rural 'homes'.

FELIPE, Francisca Rejane de Araújo. Indício de conduta ilícita no serviço público: construindo o perfil dos servidores sob sindicância na Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do Ceará à luz da teoria econômica do crime. 2011. 32f. Dissertação (mestrado profissional em economia do setor público) - Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 2011. / Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2013-10-17T19:44:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dissert_frafelipe.pdf: 186369 bytes, checksum: 2ee2c4a28f341b8f0269633e193e6e74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mônica Correia Aquino(monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2013-10-17T19:44:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dissert_frafelipe.pdf: 186369 bytes, checksum: 2ee2c4a28f341b8f0269633e193e6e74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-17T19:44:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dissert_frafelipe.pdf: 186369 bytes, checksum: 2ee2c4a28f341b8f0269633e193e6e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This investigative study considered itself to analyze the illicit behaviors practical in the public service, constructing the profile of the servers under investigation in the Secretariat of Finances of the State of Ceará on the light of the Economic Theory of the Crime. In such a way, a theories of the crime literature exposition, detaching its economic vision, looked for to answer what takes the server to commit illicit, while, on the basis of an empirical model (Logit) of probability, searched to identify what type of server is more inclined to be denounced by the practical of illicit in reason of its characteristics. The database used had been the denunciations directed to the Internal Affairs Department of the Sefaz in the period between 2000 and 2009, and the comparison base had been the servers who had been never cited in the mentioned denunciations. Having for reference the studies of Gary Becker, from the Theory of the Rational Choice, it was proven that the probability of being denounced increases when the server is of the masculine sex, married, with education in specialization level, has enter the 19 to 25 years of service and does not inhabit the same local in where exerts its functional activities. This result, in the context of the Secretariat of Finances of the State of Ceará, directs for the implementation of politics that objectify the adoption of mechanisms of control that come to be implemented aiming at to the reduction of illicit behaviors practical since the knowledge of the characteristics of the servers most inclined to be denounced. / Este estudo investigativo se propôs a analisar indícios da prática de condutas ilícitas no serviço público, construindo o perfil dos servidores sob sindicância da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do Ceará à luz da Teoria Econômica do Crime. Com esse objetivo em mente, uma exposição da literatura sobre teorias do crime, destacando sua visão econômica, procurou responder o que leva o servidor a cometer ilícitos, enquanto, com base em um modelo empírico (Logit) de probabilidade, buscou-se identificar que tipo de servidor é mais propenso a ser denunciado pela prática da ilicitude dadas as suas características. A base de dados utilizada foram as denúncias encaminhadas à Corregedoria da Sefaz no período de 2000 a 2009, e a base de comparação foram os servidores que nunca foram citados nas mencionadas denúncias. Tendo-se por referência os estudos de Gary Becker, a partir da Teoria da Escolha Racional, evidenciou-se que a probabilidade de ser denunciado aumenta quando o servidor é do sexo masculino, casado, com escolaridade de nível médio, tem entre 19 a 25 anos de serviço e não reside no mesmo local onde exerce suas atividades funcionais. Este resultado, no contexto da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do Ceará, direciona para a implementação de políticas que objetivem a adoção de mecanismos de controle que venham a ser implementados visando à redução de cometimento de condutas ilícitas a partir do conhecimento das características dos servidores mais propensos a serem denunciados.

BRASIL, Joel Costa. Avaliação do programa ronda do quarteirão através de uma metodologia baseada em análise de intervenção. 2011. 65f. Dissertação (mestrado profissional em economia do setor público) - Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 2011. / Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2013-10-17T20:46:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dissert_jcbrasil.pdf: 2009517 bytes, checksum: 7d860f4803874a5f7f630dce3983e852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mônica Correia Aquino(monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2013-10-17T20:47:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dissert_jcbrasil.pdf: 2009517 bytes, checksum: 7d860f4803874a5f7f630dce3983e852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-17T20:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dissert_jcbrasil.pdf: 2009517 bytes, checksum: 7d860f4803874a5f7f630dce3983e852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / General objective of this study is to assess the impact of community policing (the "Round Block") in the spatial and socio economic crime and violence in metropolitan Fortaleza through a quasi-experimental methodology. In general the methodology implemented to assess the impact of the program is based on models RONDA Analysis of Intervention. This methodology assumes that a series receives an intervention in a specific framework of its dynamics, and assumes that changes after the intervention (ceteris paribus) are motivated by external shock. Our case-specific intervention will be the start of RONDA that was in November 2007. Of the analysis, we found that the results only through visual inspection and simple calculations of averages in the different sub-periods, pre and post intervention, the program seems to have RONDA positively affected the number of people to theft and robbery to a business, not helped to decrease the amount of theft from residences. In short, the program had RONDA statistically significant effect in only one type of crime: theft from residences. Besides the quantitative research, is still part of this thesis a qualitative research that was conducted six months after the intervention program. It was found that 72% of the population considers the program excellent / good and 66% say they are safer. These qualitative data corroborate the claim that the program intervention was positive. This experiment is a milestone in the security area because it uses scientific methods based on statistical analysis to evaluate a government program, the Quarter Round. This is the greatest social gain that the state of Ceara in this area can get, because through it opens a door where academic knowledge coupled with the police practice will result in a security model smart, modern and optimized. / O objetivo geral desse trabalho é avaliar o impacto do policiamento comunitário (programa “Ronda do Quarteirão”) na distribuição espacial e sócio econômica da criminalidade e da violência na região metropolitana de Fortaleza através de uma metodologia quase-experimental. Em linhas gerais, a metodologia implementada para medir o impacto do programa RONDA é baseada nos modelos de Análise de Intervenção. Esta metodologia assume que uma série temporal recebe uma intervenção em um marco específico da sua dinâmica, e assume que mudanças ocorridas após a intervenção (ceteris paribus) são motivadas pelo choque externo. No caso específico a intervenção será o início do programa RONDA que se deu em novembro de 2007. Das análises feitas, verificou-se nos resultados obtidos através apenas de inspeções visuais e simples cálculos de médias nos diferentes subperíodos, pré e pós intervenção, que o programa RONDA não afetou a série de roubo a pessoas e roubo a estabelecimento comercial, porém contribuiu para a diminuição da quantidade de roubo a residências. Em suma, o programa RONDA teve efeito estatisticamente significante em apenas um tipo de crime: roubo a residências. Além da pesquisa quantitativa, ainda faz parte dessa dissertação uma pesquisa qualitativa que foi realizada seis meses após a intervenção do programa. Nela foi constatado que 72% da população consideram o programa ótimo/bom e 66 % afirmam estarem mais seguros. Estes dados qualitativos corroboram para se afirmar que a intervenção do programa foi positiva. Este experimento é um marco na área de segurança, pois usa métodos científicos, baseados em análise estatística, para avaliar um programa de governo, o Ronda do Quarteirão. Este é o maior ganho social que o Estado do Ceará pode obter nessa área, pois através dele abre-se uma porta onde os conhecimentos acadêmicos somados à prática policial terá como resultado um modelo de segurança inteligente, moderno e otimizado.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2015. / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-22T04:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 334789.pdf: 3065139 bytes, checksum: 02423ed74880555296889cb4ac041c50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Esta tese analisa as práticas discursivas e não discursivas que historicamente possibilitaram a construção das noções de ?honra sexual? e ?honra moral? correlacionadas com as formas de violência sexual e moral vigentes na Paraíba, no período entre 1950 e 1970. Ao descrever e problematizar os casos de crimes sexuais, como estupro e defloramento, com base em processos-crime vinculados ao Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba, Fórum Afonso Campos, em Campina Grande, e Fórum Criminal, em João Pessoa, foi possível perceber como tais noções eram correlatas às práticas sociais, tais como a valorização da virgindade, do casamento e da família, bem como à maneira como médicos, juristas e jornalistas percebiam como o sexo deveria ser praticado dentro da perspectiva da maternidade, emergindo daqueles discursos certos códigos moralizantes que eram impostos às moças da época e que eram pautados por regras de ?decência?, ?pudor? e ?honestidade?. Com base nos Estudos de Gênero e em uma leitura historicamente situada por meio dos movimentos feministas, objetivamos problematizar como o uso dos termos ?honra sexual? e ?honra moral? foram norteadores para a construção das imagens das ?moças honestas? e ?desonestas? em relação àquelas classificadas como ?raparigas emancipadas? e ?virgens sem pudor?, no momento em que os discursos jurídicos e jornalísticos apontavam para a ?ameaça dos costumes? da época frente às mudanças advindas com os ?tempos modernos?, bem como a expansão do mercado de trabalho feminino. A análise atenta para as tramas de paixões e sofrimentos experimentados pelos/as envolvidos/as, problematizando relações de gênero, vetores de raça, cor, condição social e formas de violência sofridas pelas jovens, buscando perceber como eram construídas as defesas dos acusados de crimes sexuais e como se davam as relações de poder entre promotores e advogados de defesa, tendo como pauta de discussão a sexualidade e as formas de comportamento das moças envolvidas em crimes sexuais na Paraíba.<br> / Abstract : This thesis analyses discursive and non-discursive practices that historically made possible the conceptual construction of ?sexual honor? and ?moral honor?, which are correlated with types of sexual and moral violence in Paraíba, at the period from 1950 to 1970. Sexual crimes, such as rape and defloration, were studied based on criminal cases obtained from two law-courts, i.e., ?Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba (Fórum Afonso Campos - Campina Grande)? and ?Fórum Criminal (João Pessoa)?. It was possible to perceive how the aforementioned concepts were correlated to social practices such as the appreciation of virginity, marriage and family. In addition to this, it was noticed the way doctors, jurists and journalists understand sex as restricted to maternity perspective, which emerged from moral codes imposed to the girls of that time and were guided by rules of ?decency?, ?modesty? and ?honesty?. Based on gender studies as well as feminist movement historical perspectives, the aim was to discuss how the use of the terms ?sexual honor? and ?moral honor? were oriented to build the image of a ?honest girl? in comparison to the ones classified as ?emancipated girls? and ?shameless virgins?. This image building was situated in a historical scenario where the legal and journalistic discourses put focus on the ?threat to traditional customs? against the changes arising from ?modern times?. Criminal case analysis points to passion and suffering stories, experienced by the ones involved, which were marked by gender relations and also by a sort of aspects concerning to race, skin color, social condition and types of violence. This analysis attempts to understand how were performed the defenses for the accused of sexual crimes as well as how prosecutors and defense counsels act in power relationships discussing the sexuality and behavior of the girls involved in sexual crimes in Paraíba.

AMARAL, Joafran Eufrasino do. Uma análise do efeito dos gastos públicos estaduais em segurança pública, assistência social e educação sobre a criminalidade no Ceará para o período de 2010 a 2013. 2015. 38f. Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Fortaleza - Ce, 2015. / Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2016-03-08T20:43:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dissert_jeamaral.pdf: 259958 bytes, checksum: 1cf25d642a0c51ffb163f85cd18dd4ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mônica Correia Aquino(monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2016-03-08T20:44:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dissert_jeamaral.pdf: 259958 bytes, checksum: 1cf25d642a0c51ffb163f85cd18dd4ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T20:44:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dissert_jeamaral.pdf: 259958 bytes, checksum: 1cf25d642a0c51ffb163f85cd18dd4ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Crime is a major problem faced by Brazil, directly affecting the population and demanding from the rulers a compelling performance. Aware of the problem, in order to identify the determinants of crime, it is observed that some authors have studied the impact of public expenditures on crime reduction. From this perspective, and based on the economic theory of crime, this work proposes to bring a further contribution to the subject, focusing on crime in the State of Ceará. After a brief theoretical review of crime literature, an empirical study using monthly data for lethal crimes (homicides), violence against property (thefts) and burglaries, looking check is performed, from the use of series time, the impact of state public spending on public safety, education and welfare in the three types of crime for the period 2010-2013. Results were contradictory to the government spending on public safety, which suggests a possible problem of causality reverse or that such expenditures are not well allocated. In contrast, the estimates reached showed that spending on education and social assistance, taken together, were negative and significant for lethal crimes, indicating that the increase in state spending on education and social assistance is effective to reduce the number of homicides. / A criminalidade é um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelo Brasil, afetando diretamente a população e exigindo dos governantes uma atuação premente. Diante da problemática, na busca de identificar os determinantes do crime, observa-se que alguns autores têm estudado o impacto dos gastos públicos sobre a redução da criminalidade. Sob tal perspectiva, e baseando-se na teoria econômica do crime, este trabalho propõe-se a trazer mais uma contribuição ao tema, focando a criminalidade no estado do Ceará. Após uma breve revisão teórica do crime e da literatura de economia do crime, é realizado um estudo empírico utilizando dados mensais para os crimes letais (homicídios), violentos contra o patrimônio (roubos) e furtos, procurando verificar, a partir da utilização de séries temporais, o impacto dos gastos públicos estaduais em segurança pública, educação e assistência social nos três tipos de crime para o período de 2010 a 2013. Os resultados foram contraditórios em relação aos gastos governamentais com segurança pública, o que sugere um possível problema de causalidade inversa ou que tais dispêndios não estejam sendo bem alocados. Em contrapartida, as estimativas alcançadas apontaram que os gastos com educação e assistência social, vistos em conjunto, foram negativos e significantes para os crimes letais, indicando que o aumento dos gastos estaduais em educação e assistência social é eficaz para reduzir o número de homicídios.

The treatment of juvenile offenders was the subject of much discussion and controversy in the first half of the nineteenth century and, from 1840 onwards, there was a vociferous campaign to ban imprisonment for children and to establish schools for delinquents where the emphasis was on moral reformation and rehabilitation rather than retribution. In 1854, as a result of the Reformatory Schools Act, juvenile reformatories became part of the criminal justice system and for the next three decades they were regarded by the Home Office as the key element in the fight against juvenile crime. Nevertheless, historians pay little attention to juvenile reformatories and there is little specific literature on individual institutions or the experience of reformatory inmates. This thesis, however, examines three Protestant reformatories for boys in Lancashire and attempts both to evaluate the reformatory system in the nineteenth century and to develop a greater understanding of the character and nature of the institutions themselves. The thesis examines the impact of the juvenile reform movement on social policy and legislation, particularly the contribution made by philanthropy and the developing, pivotal role of the institution. It considers the different methods used to establish reformatories and examines the origins of the schools in the study. It discusses the ethos and regime which developed in the institutions prior to 1880 and considers the effect on management methods of the powerful alliance formed by reformatory managers and Home Office officials. This is supplemented and illustrated using profiles of fifty inmates in two institutions. The thesis then examines changes in Home Office policy after 1880 and assesses the effect of these on reformatory practice at a local level. Finally it evaluates the role played by reformatories in Lancashire where twenty five per cent of such institutions were situated at the turn of the century. The thesis concludes that the reformatory system was an upper and middle-class response to the problem of juvenile delinquency, which was associated almost exclusively with the urban working class. It also suggests that, in spite of their name, individual reformatories were concerned primarily with training and rehabilitation rather than moral reformation. In addition the evidence indicates that, although the reformatory scheme was discredited elsewhere in the late nineteenth century, reformatory schools continued to play an important part in juvenile justice in Lancashire. These institutions continued to thrive because the majority of inmates did not commit further crime and magistrates believed that they gave value for money. This examination of nineteenth-century solutions to the problem of juvenile crime also illustrates that the present debate about delinquency is hardly novel and that current strategies were first tried out a hundred and fifty years ago.