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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Improving the quality of caesarean section in a low-resource setting : An intervention by criteria-based audit at a tertiary hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Mgaya, Andrew Hans January 2017 (has links)
A sharp increase in caesarean section (CS) rates at the Muhimbili National Referral Hospital (MNH) – a tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania – by 50% in 2000–2011, was associated with concomitant increase in maternal complications and deaths and inconsistent improvement in newborn outcomes. The aims of this thesis were to explore care providers’ in-depth perspective of the reasons for these high rates of CS, and to evaluate and improve standards of care for the most common indica-tions of CS, obstructed labour and fetal distress, which are also major causes of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This thesis reports an investigation performed at MNH, Tanzania. For Paper I, qualitative methods were employed and demonstrated how care providers dismissed their responsibility for the rising CS rate; and, instead, projected the causes onto factors beyond their control. Additionally, dysfunctinal teamwork, transparency, and previous poorly conducted clinical audits led to fear of blame among care providers in cases of poor outcome that subsequently encougared defensive practise by assigning unnecessary CS. Papers II and III evaluated stand-ards of care using a criteria-based audit (CBA) of obstructed labour and fetal dis-tress. After implementing audit-feedback recommendations, the standards of diag-nosis of fetal distress improved by 16% and obstructed labour by 7%. Similarly, the standards of management preceding CS improved tenfold for fetal distress and doubled for obstructed labour. The impact of the CBA process was evaluated by comparing the maternal and perinatal outcomes categorized into Robson groups (Paper IV) of all deliveries occurring before and after the audit process (n=27,960). After the CBA process, there was a 50% risk reduction of severe perinatal morbidi-ty/mortality for patients with obstructed labour. The overall CS rates increased by 10%, and this was attributed to an increase in the CS rate among breech, term preg-nancies (Robson group 6), and preterm pregnancies (Robson group 10) that specifi-cally had reduced risk of poor perinatal outcome. The overall neonatal distress rates were also reduced by 20%, and this was attributed to a decrease in the neonatal distress rate among low-risk, term pregnancies (Robson group 3). Importantly, the increased rates of poor perinatal outcomes were associated with referred patients that had higher risk of neonatal distress and PMR than non–referred patients, after CBA process.  In conclusion, the studies managed to educate the care providers to take on their roles as decision-makers and medical experts to minimize unnecessary CS, using the available resources. Care providers’ commitment to achieve the best practice should be sustained and effort for stepwise upgrading quality of obstetric care should be supported by the hospital management from the primary to tertiary referral level.
2

Posuzování věrohodnosti výpovědi / Measuring the credibility of statement

Kvasničková, Barbora January 2013 (has links)
The aim of thesis is to evaluate the current practice of assessing the credibility of testimony in criminal proceedings and reflect on its current issues. In particular, it is necessary to resolve the question of the extent to the competence of an expert-psychologist in assessing process and the establishment of basic criteria according to which the experts proceed. I have chosen this topic because it's connecting criminal law and psychology which is important for society and a highly discussed in this time. Assessing the credibility is one of usual requests for expert psychologists from investigative, prosecuting and adjudicating bodies and it is also the most common, but often the most difficult part of psychological expertise. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the history of assessing the credibility. The second chapter describes the psychological expertise in criminal proceedings in our country and consists of four parts dealing with experts, expertise and evidence and evaluation of evidence in criminal procedure. The third chapter looks at assessing the credibility as a problem of professionals and it contains four parts. The first part defines the basis for assessing the credibility, the second part defines fundamental terms. The third part describes verbal and...
3

Estudo exploratório sobre critérios de veracidade em relatos de eventos de vida : considerações para a perícia psicológica criminal de adultos

Machado, Patrícia Vasconcelos January 2014 (has links)
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo testar os critérios da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Baseada em Critérios (Criteria-Based Content Analysis – CBCA) em relatos comuns de adultos, visando verificar quais critérios são mais frequentes em relatos verdadeiros. Trata-se de um estudo preliminar para futura elaboração de técnica de avaliação da credibilidade do testemunho, a ser utilizada para auxiliar as avaliações psicológicas das entrevistas realizadas nas perícias com adultos. Foram realizadas 46 entrevistas com relato livre e perguntas abertas com adultos a partir de 18 anos e escolaridade mínima de ensino médio, propondo-se 3 tarefas: 2 relatos (um verdadeiro e um falso) e a aplicação da Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo - EFN. Na análise das entrevistas, obteve-se como resultados que os critérios “5: Descrições de interações” e “8: Detalhes não-usuais” são significativamente mais presentes nos relatos verdadeiros. Os resultados da EFN não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os participantes em função do nível de ansiedade. Os itens significativos para a verificação da credibilidade do testemunho poderão ser futuramente utilizados em novas pesquisas que explorem a análise das versões apresentadas à perícia criminal oficial durante a reprodução simulada dos fatos, após serem testados, em novas pesquisas específicas frente à veracidade na técnica pericial. / This research aimed to test the criteria of the Criteria-Based Content Analysis - CBCA technique in common reports of adults to ascertain which are the most frequent in true reports. It is a preliminary study to allow future elaboration of technical assessment of witness credibility to be used to assist psychological assessments in forensic interviews with adults. For this purpose, 46 free reports and open questions interviews with adults with minimum age of 18 years and at least high school education were made. Three tasks were proposed: to tell two stories (one true and one false) and to answer the Factorial Scale of Neuroticism - EFN. The analysis of the interviews showed that criteria “5: description of interactions” and “8: non-usual details” were significantly more frequent in true reports. The results of the EFN did not show significant differences among the participants based on the level of anxiety The significant items for checking the credibility of the testimony can be further explored in new research to explore the analysis of the versions presented to the crime scene investigators during reconstruction, after being tested in specific new research on expert technical veracity.
4

La credibilidad del testimonio infantil ante supuestos de abuso sexual: indicadores psicosociales

Juárez López, Josep Ramon 19 September 2002 (has links)
La present tesi doctoral estudiarà la temàtica de la credibilitat del relat que els menors presumptament abusats expressen dels fets, en base a l'anàlisi del contingut del seu relat. Fins al moment, la prova que s'utilitza, anomenada CBCA és fonamentalment d'orientació cognitiva, desconsiderant del seu anàlisi, els possibles criteris psicosocials que els menors expressen.Així, la present tesi, a més d'estudiar la prova CBCA, proposa l'utilització d'indicadors psicosocials que, efectivament, són expressats en el relat dels presumptes fets i que, en base a l'anàlisi mètric pertinent, ens permeten presentar-los com a vàlids per a diferenciar relats creíbles, d'aquells relats inventats o falsejats.La part teòrica de la tesi, presenta un exhaustiu recull de les recerques més significatives sobre les següents temàtiques: la credibilitat, l'instrument CBCA, els factors que influeixen en el testimoni infantil i els indicadors psicosocials de credibilitat. La part empírica, en base a un disseny observacional-correlacional i amb una mostra de casos reals treballats a la seu de l'Equip d'Assesorament del Jutjats de Girona, durant els anys 2000-2001, presenta l'estudi i anàlisi del CBCA, criticant les limitacions importants que presenta aquest instrument i, naturalment, proposant l'incorporació dels indicadors psicosocials com a criteris per la diferenciació dels relats. Es realitza un complert anàlisi mètric i es comprova l'increment de la qualitat psicomètrica (fiabilitat, validesa, discriminació de ítems) del nou instrument proposat amb els indicadors psicosocials presentats: el secret, relació dependent-envolvent, progressió en l'abús, normes de conducta, símptomes psicològics, favors i regals. / The present doctoral thesis is based on the investigation whose thematic basic it is the credibility of the minor abused sexually. The basic instrument for this investigation, the CBCA (Criteria-Based Content Analysis) it comes being used on the part of the teams of forensic psychologists of the Spanish territory as well as of other many European and American countries. This instrument, relatively new (Steller, 1989) it was studied and analyzed in a previous investigation with the purpose of evidencing their limitations and this way, incrementing their options of becoming a really valid instrument in the course of any judicial act. One of the results of this investigation is that of the 19 original items, the discrimant analysis, offers us a final test restricted to only 12 items, finding, consequently, 7 items that should be eliminated of the initial listing. The use of this corrected test, discovers us 2 important observations with regard to the variable age: those children than more age, they really offer bigger volumes of information, but this bigger information is not excellent for the increment of his credibility. The differential age among a significantly richer volumen of information, settles down around the 8-9 years. In this work we can show psicosocials items with a good psichometric quality for change the initials criteria: the secret, depended-involved relation, progressive abuse, behaviour rules, psychological disorders, favors and presents
5

Estudo exploratório sobre critérios de veracidade em relatos de eventos de vida : considerações para a perícia psicológica criminal de adultos

Machado, Patrícia Vasconcelos January 2014 (has links)
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo testar os critérios da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Baseada em Critérios (Criteria-Based Content Analysis – CBCA) em relatos comuns de adultos, visando verificar quais critérios são mais frequentes em relatos verdadeiros. Trata-se de um estudo preliminar para futura elaboração de técnica de avaliação da credibilidade do testemunho, a ser utilizada para auxiliar as avaliações psicológicas das entrevistas realizadas nas perícias com adultos. Foram realizadas 46 entrevistas com relato livre e perguntas abertas com adultos a partir de 18 anos e escolaridade mínima de ensino médio, propondo-se 3 tarefas: 2 relatos (um verdadeiro e um falso) e a aplicação da Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo - EFN. Na análise das entrevistas, obteve-se como resultados que os critérios “5: Descrições de interações” e “8: Detalhes não-usuais” são significativamente mais presentes nos relatos verdadeiros. Os resultados da EFN não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os participantes em função do nível de ansiedade. Os itens significativos para a verificação da credibilidade do testemunho poderão ser futuramente utilizados em novas pesquisas que explorem a análise das versões apresentadas à perícia criminal oficial durante a reprodução simulada dos fatos, após serem testados, em novas pesquisas específicas frente à veracidade na técnica pericial. / This research aimed to test the criteria of the Criteria-Based Content Analysis - CBCA technique in common reports of adults to ascertain which are the most frequent in true reports. It is a preliminary study to allow future elaboration of technical assessment of witness credibility to be used to assist psychological assessments in forensic interviews with adults. For this purpose, 46 free reports and open questions interviews with adults with minimum age of 18 years and at least high school education were made. Three tasks were proposed: to tell two stories (one true and one false) and to answer the Factorial Scale of Neuroticism - EFN. The analysis of the interviews showed that criteria “5: description of interactions” and “8: non-usual details” were significantly more frequent in true reports. The results of the EFN did not show significant differences among the participants based on the level of anxiety The significant items for checking the credibility of the testimony can be further explored in new research to explore the analysis of the versions presented to the crime scene investigators during reconstruction, after being tested in specific new research on expert technical veracity.
6

Estudo exploratório sobre critérios de veracidade em relatos de eventos de vida : considerações para a perícia psicológica criminal de adultos

Machado, Patrícia Vasconcelos January 2014 (has links)
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo testar os critérios da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Baseada em Critérios (Criteria-Based Content Analysis – CBCA) em relatos comuns de adultos, visando verificar quais critérios são mais frequentes em relatos verdadeiros. Trata-se de um estudo preliminar para futura elaboração de técnica de avaliação da credibilidade do testemunho, a ser utilizada para auxiliar as avaliações psicológicas das entrevistas realizadas nas perícias com adultos. Foram realizadas 46 entrevistas com relato livre e perguntas abertas com adultos a partir de 18 anos e escolaridade mínima de ensino médio, propondo-se 3 tarefas: 2 relatos (um verdadeiro e um falso) e a aplicação da Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo - EFN. Na análise das entrevistas, obteve-se como resultados que os critérios “5: Descrições de interações” e “8: Detalhes não-usuais” são significativamente mais presentes nos relatos verdadeiros. Os resultados da EFN não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os participantes em função do nível de ansiedade. Os itens significativos para a verificação da credibilidade do testemunho poderão ser futuramente utilizados em novas pesquisas que explorem a análise das versões apresentadas à perícia criminal oficial durante a reprodução simulada dos fatos, após serem testados, em novas pesquisas específicas frente à veracidade na técnica pericial. / This research aimed to test the criteria of the Criteria-Based Content Analysis - CBCA technique in common reports of adults to ascertain which are the most frequent in true reports. It is a preliminary study to allow future elaboration of technical assessment of witness credibility to be used to assist psychological assessments in forensic interviews with adults. For this purpose, 46 free reports and open questions interviews with adults with minimum age of 18 years and at least high school education were made. Three tasks were proposed: to tell two stories (one true and one false) and to answer the Factorial Scale of Neuroticism - EFN. The analysis of the interviews showed that criteria “5: description of interactions” and “8: non-usual details” were significantly more frequent in true reports. The results of the EFN did not show significant differences among the participants based on the level of anxiety The significant items for checking the credibility of the testimony can be further explored in new research to explore the analysis of the versions presented to the crime scene investigators during reconstruction, after being tested in specific new research on expert technical veracity.
7

The Holistic Value-Added Approach to Sustainable Development: : A strategy to reduce the friction between human-ecology and economics

De Robles, Robert, Jhung, Ha-won January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
8

Accountability for the Implementation of Secondary Visual Arts Standards in Utah and Queensland

Derby, John K. 15 March 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Utah and the majority of states have adopted mandatory standards for visual arts, yet no accountability measures have been established. Consequently, it is impossible to determine if standards are being addressed in the art classroom and aggregate grades are subjective. Queensland, Australia instituted a system of moderated school-based assessment (moderation) in 1971, whereby assessment is accomplished locally, then verified by peer experts. Queensland ensures that standards are addressed in curricula and assessment and that exit grades are reliable and comparable. Research has shown that Utah and Queensland share comparable visual arts standards and similar demographics. Queensland moderation has been extensively studied for solutions to Utah and U.S. accountability problems. Queensland teachers submit curricula, assessment tasks, and assessed student work to the Queensland Studies Authority (QSA), which is responsible for moderation. QSA suggests modifications where appropriate, thus ensuring accuracy. Schools are then compared according to group performance on a standardized core skills test and aggregate grades are scaled, resulting in student rankings. Research has revealed that Queensland visual arts teachers widely approve of moderation. Accountability validates good teaching and promotes diligence. Teachers also appreciate QSA curriculum and assessment guidelines. Because these are regulated, QSA has been able to promote progressive directives effectively, including integrated authentic assessment and student-directed conceptual approaches to art. Queensland has constantly striven for improvement through research and teacher feedback. Consequently, Queensland is considered a global leader in school-based assessment. Art education literature implies that accountability for visual arts education is inevitable. Arts educators strongly oppose traditional external testing. Moderation is the proven alternative to traditional testing. While other models of moderation exist, the QSA model is similar in theory to the predominant Utah and U.S. philosophy of standards-based assessment. At the same time, the QSA model offers flexible options that allow emerging theories to be embraced. The research, then, suggests that Utah and other states should consider implementing versions of moderated school-based assessment based on the success of QSA. The thesis concludes with recommendations for the U.S., and a practical curriculum guide that embraces curriculum and assessment merits of Queensland visual arts education.

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