Bakgrund: Skada på främre korsbandet är vanligt hos unga kvinnliga fotbollsspelare. Det finns evidens för att neuromuskulär träning kan reducera risken att drabbas av främre korsbandsskada med 64–88 %. Knäkontroll är ett neuromuskulärt träningsprogram som Svenska Fotbollförbundet (SvFF) implementerade i sin tränarutbildning år 2010. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga hur väl rekommendationerna för utförande av knäkontrollträning följs i flickfotbollslag i åldrarna 12–17 år samt om förekomst av knäkontrollträning var högre i de flickfotbollslag där lagledaren genomfört tränarutbildning efter år 2010. Metod: Studiens design var en kvantitativ, icke-experimentell tvärsnittsstudie. Data samlades in via en egenkomponerad enkät som besvarades via mejl av 33 lagledare för flickfotbollslag. Deltagarna var ett stickprov ur en större population med geografisk spridning över Sverige. Resultat: Studiens resultat blev att fyra (12 %) lagledare bedömdes tillhöra kategorin Följer helt rekommendationerna, 21 (64 %) lagledare bedömdes tillhöra kategorin Följer delvis rekommendationerna och åtta (24 %) lagledare bedömdes tillhöra kategorin Följer inte rekommendationerna. Någon skillnad i utförande av programmet Knäkontroll beroende på om lagledare hade genomfört tränarutbildning efter 2010 eller om lagledare saknade tränarutbildning kunde inte ses. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av studien blev att majoriteten av lagledare för flickfotbollslag i åldrarna 12–17 delvis följde rekommendationerna för utförande av programmet Knäkontroll. Inga skillnader kunde ses i hur väl programmet Knäkontroll följdes beroende på lagledarens tränarutbildning. / Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in young female soccer players. There is evidence that neuromuscular training can reduce the risk of ACL injury with 64–88 %. Knee control is a neuromuscular training programme that was implemented in the national education for soccer coaches in 2010. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine how well girl soccer teams, ages 12–17, follow the existing recommendations regarding knee control training to prevent ACL injuries and if adherence was higher in teams where the coach was educated later than 2010. Method: The study design was a quantitative, non experimental cross-sectional study. A self-composed questionnaire was answered through e-mail by 33 coaches for girl soccer teams. Participants were a random sample of a larger population with a geographical spread across Sweden. Results: The result of the study was that four (12 %) coaches were placed in the category Following the recommendations fully, 21 (64 %) coaches in the category Following the recommendations partly and eight coaches in the category Do not follow recommendations. A difference in adherence to the programme Knee control could not be seen based on if the coach had completed the national education for soccer coaches later than 2010 or lacked this education. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study was that the majority of coaches for girl soccer teams, ages 12–17, followed the recommendations partly for performance of the programme Knee control. No difference could be seen in adherence to the programme Knee control based on the coach’s education.

Abstract The majority of sports injuries involve the lower body, particularly the knees. Roughly 2,5 million people suffer a knee injury each year. Through sudden harsh movements the knee can get damaged. Often, these injuries never truly heal. Once the knee is weakened the risk of injury increases and in many cases the function of the knee will never fully return. The goal of this project was to empower patients who suffer from damage to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to recover faster by providing a personalized and humanized rehabilitation plan. Inspiration and Method Interviews, shadowing sessions and workshops were done with patients, athletes, surgeons and therapists to truly gain an in depth understanding of the rehabilitation process and how to prevent the injury from happening. This showed that there is a clear problem with the rehabilitation between the therapist and the patients. The outcome of the treatment is too much determined by the capabilities of the therapist, who often do not have enough expertise or get too little information to generate a personalized treatment for each individual. Another big problem is the fact that patients lose their motivation since they feel that they are not improving, and alone in the overall process. It became clear that patients need to be empowered and to let them know that the outcome of the rehabilitation is completely in their hands. Result The result of this collaboration is Ara, the smart rehabilitation bracelet. Ara continuously monitors the injured knee to provide an increased amount of insights, which enables practitioners to take humanized, and data driven decisions to personalize the rehabilitation plan for each individual. It empowers patients to take an active part in their own rehabilitation by providing live and precise feedback on their activities throughout the day.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第17955号 / 人健博第9号 / 新制||人健||1(附属図書館) / 30785 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 坪山 直生, 教授 松田 秀一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Introduktion: Skador på främre korsbandet är en av de vanligaste ortopediska skadorna hos hundar. Korsbandets huvudsakliga uppgift är att stabilisera knäleden. En främre korsbandsskada kan behandlas konservativt eller operativt, och i bägge fall är rehabilitering en viktig åtgärd. Syfte: Belysa studier kring postoperativ rehabilitering av främre korsbandsskada hos hund. Frågeställningar var; “Vilka postoperativa rehabiliteringsmetoder för främre korsbandsskada har studerats för hund?” och “Vilka effekter har de olika behandlingarna i studierna visat?” Metod: Denna systematiska litteraturstudie har följt Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) och granskningsmallar för originalstudier från Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering (SBU). Sökningen för litteratursammanställningen gjordes på PubMed och Scopus. Resultat: Tio artiklar kvalificerades för inkludering. Några rehabiliteringsmetoder som nämnts är bandage, köldterapi, ROM-träning, gång på vattenband, löpband, promenader, CCT och elektroterapi. Resultatet visar att extensionsvinkeln påverkas i högre grad än flexionsvinkeln. Vattenbandsträning och CCT ökar ledvinkeln postoperativt och ESWT ger snabbare belastning av det opererade benet. MET tillsammans med bandage, kall kompression och kall kompression tillsammans med bandage gav hade bäst effekt på svullnad. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att rehabilitering och fysioterapeutiska åtgärder är en viktig del för att återfå bästa möjliga funktion, minska smärta samt att förebygga försämrad funktion postoperativt efter en CrCL skada. Vidare forskning med fördjupning på rehabiliteringstyp och antal rehabiliteringstillfällen behövs för att kunna fastställa vilken rehabilitering som är mest gynnsam.

Twelve pairs of cadaveric pelvic limbs were harvested from skeletally mature dogs. Tibias were randomly assigned pairwise to two study groups: locking buttress screw fixation (LBS) and bone-screw-fastener fixation (BSF). A tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) was performed. Each specimen was positioned in a servohydraulic testing machine to simulate physiological orientation and loading at the mid-point of the stance phase at the walk. Cyclic loading was performed for 30,000 cycles at 4Hz with a peak-load of 1000N. The cyclic test was then continued by stepwise increasing the peak-load at a rate of 75N per 500 cycles until failure of the construct. The findings of this current study suggest that stabilization of the TPLO with BSF in the proximal part of a locking TPLO plate provided similar biomechanical stability under cyclic axial loading conditions as the LBS. BSF may be an acceptable alternative to LBS for TPLO.

Background: Evidence indicates that an external focus (EF) of attention on the intended effect of one’s movement results in better motor performance and motor control than an internal focus (IF) on one’s own body. Despite this, an IF is predominantly encouraged through instructions and feedback provided by clinicians during sports and rehabilitation from injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the influence of EF and IF on motor control and performance on a bilateral leg extension and flexion task. The secondary aim was to investigate potential differences in the outcomes between a control group and a group with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Method: Fourteen controls and four individuals with ACLR performed a bilateral leg extension and flexion task with instructions that encouraged either an IF, EF or neutral focus (NF) of attention. The instructions encouraged participants to either keep the individual tubes located on the footplates under the soles of the feet (EF) or the feet themselves (IF) level with each other. A three-dimensional motion capture system was used to record kinematics. Motor control was assessed based on the movement smoothness according to the knee angular velocity profile and performance was assessed based on the absolute mean deviation of the tubes/footplates from parallel. Results: For the control group, IF instructions resulted in significantly better motor control than EF instructions for left knee movement smoothness (p=0.02) and NF instructions resulted in significantly better motor control than EF on a majority of dependent variables. Conclusion: For our task, EF instructions did not result in better outcomes compared to IF instructions which might be explained because the task was proprioceptive demanding with less involvement of the vision. The reason for better motor control with NF instructions compared to EF instructions might be because of differences in angular velocity and instructions between conditions.

<p> Comprehensive mastery of modern genetics involves a myriad of data processing and analytic techniques; these approaches vary because some genetic conditions are the result of single gene mutations that alter protein function, while other more complex diseases and traits are influenced by many genes. This dissertation will undertake investigation of the heritability and genetic risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in Labrador Retrievers, a congenital hypomyelinating polyneuropathy in four Golden Retrievers, and the potential usage of telomere length as a biomarker of welfare in dogs housed in commercial breeding facilities. </p> <p>In the first disease studied, 333 Labrador Retrievers with known torn or healthy cranial cruciate ligament(s) were genotyped via SNP array. Heritability of this polygenic trait was calculated using a variety of programs and including different fixed effects. Overall, heritability was high, ranging from 0.550 to 0.893, with sex and sterilization at a young age (≤12 months) strongly influencing risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Neither genome-wide association analyses using this novel dataset of 333 Labrador Retrievers, nor additional analyses combining this data with publicly-available data, identified any significantly associated SNPs. However, the most associated SNPs were located near biologically relevant genes, such as <em>COL1A2</em> (a collagen gene) and <em>ITGA11</em> (a protein that binds to collagen), as well as genes encoding sex hormone receptors, such as <em>FSHR </em>and <em>LHCCGR</em>. Splitting the data in an attempt to predict phenotypes based on genotype was unsuccessful. Future work focused on parsing out genetic influencers of cranial cruciate ligament rupture risk should continue to collect sex, sterilization status, and age at sterilization data, and larger collaborations and use of publicly-available data will be required to increase the data robustness.</p> <p>For the second study, DNA from four unrelated Golden Retrievers diagnosed with congenital hypomyelinating polyneuropathy via neurological examination, electrodiagnostic evaluation, and peripheral nerve pathology were explored for genetic causes. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on all four dogs to identify potential causative variants. When compared to WGS from >1,000 other dogs who were presumably unaffected by this rare disease, likely causative variants were identified in all four dogs. Two cases shared a homozygous <em>MTMR2 </em>splice donor site variant, with a stop codon introduced within six codons following the inclusion of the intron. One case had a heterozygous <em>MPZ</em> missense mutation leading to an isoleucine to threonine substitution. The last case had a homozygous <em>SH3TC2</em> nonsense variant predicted to truncate approximately one-half of the protein. Haplotype analyses using 524 Golden Retrievers indicated that these variants emerged recently. Each of these variants occurred in genes that are associated with the human Charcot-Marie-Tooth group of heterogeneous peripheral nervous system diseases. Testing a population of unrelated Golden Retrievers (n > 200) did not identify any other dogs with these variants, though breeders should be cautious to avoid propagating these alleles.</p> <p>Finally, the last study within this dissertation investigates the relationship between telomere length and metrics such as age, breed, environment, average breed lifespan, parity, and response to a mild social stressor in a population of dogs housed at commercial breeding facilities. FIDO scores (behavioral phenotypes) were collected for all dogs as a measurement of response to a social stressor. This study is not yet complete; many more dogs remain to be recruited in the near future. Telomere lengths were measured using qPCR and compared to a single-copy gene, <em>36B4</em>, for 309 dogs representing 37 breeds or breed crosses. Age was not significantly associated with telomere length after making appropriate corrections (p-value = 0.077). Breed and facility were significantly associated with telomere length after corrections (p-value = 0.010 and <2.2E-16, respectively). Neither parity nor average breed lifespan were associated with telomere length, however, response to a mild social stressor was, with dogs who responded positively having significantly longer telomeres than dogs who responded negatively across all analyses. This preliminary data indicates that, within this population, breed, environment, and response to stress have strong influences on telomere length, while parity and average breed lifespan did not. As this work continues, increased sample sizes will lead to increased power for detecting associations. Future work should examine these identified relationships in other populations of dogs.</p> <p>Taken together, these studies encompass phenotypes of various complexity, and each study encompassed different methodologies utilized in modern canine genetics. The overall goal for this work was to improve canine health, with the potential for translational implications to human health. The identification of genetic markers associated with or causative of disease, or indicative of health and welfare traits, is necessary for reducing the prevalence of disease and increasing the knowledge of welfare metrics in canines, respectively.</p>

No description available.