Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University Of Technology, 2015. / Twelve multicomponent crystals of dicarboxylic acids (succinic, adipic and suberic acid) with derivatives of picoline (4-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine and 3,5-lutidine) were analyzed with the aim of finding correlation between their melting points and crystalline structural features. The solvates of SUC•2,4LUT, SUC•3,4LUT, SUC•3,5LUT and ADP•4PIC are already known structures but were remade for completeness and to obtain their accurate melting temperatures. The acids were selected because of their systematically increasing chain lengths and the selection of the picoline derivatives were based on the systematic variation of the positions of the methyl groups around the pyridine moiety. All the formed multicomponent crystals were analyzed with single crystal X-ray diffraction and parallel to the solution crystallizations, grinding experiments were carried out to prepare the aimed inclusion compounds by using much less of the solvent of crystallization. Thermogravimetry was used to confirm the solvent content of the bulk material and differential scanning calorimetry was applied to obtain information about the melting process, such as the onset and the peak temperature of the melting and the concomitant enthalpy change. The melting temperatures revealed that the inclusion formation significantly decreased the melting points of the staring materials and the melting points of the inclusion compounds for the same acid varied significantly. Hirshfeld surfaces of the base-acid-base moieties and the related fingerprint plots were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. The melting points of the compounds were plotted against the percentage contribution of the various intermolecular interactions.

Há um crescente interesse científico e tecnológico voltado para compostos cristalinos de óxido de bismuto com óxidos de germânio, silício ou titânio, por exibirem propriedades eletro e magnetoópticas, fotocondutivas e piezoelétricas. Sistemas vítreos com propriedades similares a estes compostos são de alto interesse, devido ao baixo custo e facilidade no procedimento de preparação em relação aos monocristais. Este trabalho teve como finalidade analisar o efeito de adição de óxidos de boro e gálio, ao sistema binário composto por óxido de bismuto com óxidos de germânio. A amostra vítrea de composição 45BiO1.5:40BO1.5:15GeO2 (BBG-8), apresentou alta reprodutibilidade e estabilidade térmica (ΔT=132, Hr=0.34 e S=26.74), sendo assim, selecionada para o estudo da cristalização. As fases cristalizadas nesta amostra, durante tratamento térmico, foram determinadas por análises de difração de raios-X e medidas composicionais. Foram cristalizadas as fases Bi6B10O24 e Bi4Ge3O12, sendo a última, a fase de interesse para nosso estudo. Métodos térmicos foram utilizados no estudo da cristalização da fase Bi4Ge3O12, possibilitando a verificação da energia de ativação (≈ 54Kcal/mol) pelos métodos de Ozawa e Chen, e a direcionalidade do crescimento dos cristais (nmédio=1.12). A fim de obtermos mais informações a respeito de cristalização utilizamos óptica eletrônica. / The sillenite crystals, Bi12MO20 (M = Ge, Si, Ti), are interesting for applications such as optical memories, holography or optical phase conjugating devices. The eulytite crystals, Bi4M3O12, have been studied for their electro-optical, electromechanical and luminescence properties. These crystals am used as scintillators or, when doped with rare-earth elements, as laser materials. The study of glass systems, having properties similar to those crystals, is of high interest because of the lower cost and easier preparation procedures with respect to single crystals. The purpose of this work is the study of interaction of B2O3 and Ga2O3 with binary system Bi2O3-GeO2. The glassy sample BBG-8 (45BiO1.5:40BO1.5:15GeO2), was chosen far crystallition study, due to its high reproducibility and thermal stability. The presence of crystalline phases (Bi6B10O24 and Bi4Ge3O12), obtained after heat treatment, was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and compositional analysis. The crystalline eulytite phase (Bi4Ge3O12) is an interest of our study. Thermal methods were used on the study of Bi4Ge3O12crystallization process of the sample BBG-8, and the value obtained, by means of Ozawa and Chen methods, was approximately 54Kcal/mol, and the directionality of crystal growth (n average) was equal to 1.12. To obtain further information on the crystallization mechanism we also performed microphotographic analysis.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a modificação e cristalização superficial dos sistemas vítreos 40BaO-45B2O3-15TiO2 (BBT) e 42BaO-42B2O3-16SiO2 (BBS) utilizando a radiação proveniente de um laser modulado de CO2. Três diferentes parâmetros experimentais foram avaliados: a potência do laser, o tempo de exposição à radiação e a presença de micropartículas da fase ?-BaB2O4 (?-BBO) na superfície da amostra. As modificações causadas pela exposição das amostras à radiação laser foram caracterizadas através das técnicas de perfilometria, microscopia óptica, espectroscopia micro-Raman e difração de raios X. De uma maneira geral, os resultados mostram que a escolha adequada da potência do laser e do tempo de exposição à radiação leva a uma modificação superficial ou a uma modificação seguida da cristalização superficial da região exposta a radiação. A presença de micropartículas da fase ?-BBO na superfície da amostras influi de maneira significativa no processo de modificação e cristalização superficial. A presença dessas micropartículas induziu a cristalização da fase ?-BBO com um relativo alto grau de orientação preferencial na direção (006), permitindo a observação visual do efeito de geração de segundo harmônico em algumas amostras. Estudos de micro-fotoluminescência mostraram que o íon Sm3+ quando adicionado a matriz vítrea BBT apresenta um alto grau de desordem mesmo em amostras cristalizadas. No entanto, para a matriz BBS, este estudo mostra uma possível incorporação do íon terra-rara na região cristalizada. / This work describes a study regarding the permanent modification and/or crystallization of 40BaO-45B2O3-15TiO2 (BBT) and 40BaO-45B2O3-16SiO2 (BBS) glass compositions when exposed to a continuous CO2 laser beam radiation. The effect of three experimental parameters was evaluated: the laser power, the radiation time exposure and the presence of micro-particles of the ?-BaB2O4 crystalline phase on the glass sample surface prior to radiation. The geometry of permanent modification and the crystallization process were characterized by using the perfilometry, optical microscopy, Micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results show that the surface modification and crystallization can be controlled by a suitable choice of the laser power and radiation time exposure. In all samples, it was observed that the presence of ?-BaB2O4 micro-particles on the sample surface affects significantly equally the permanent modification and the crystallization process. The preferential orientation of the ?-BaB2O4 on the (006) plane direction allowed the observation of a relative high intense second harmonic generation effect. The micro-photoluminescence study shows that the Sm3+ ion in BBT glass sample present a high degree of disorder, even in the crystallized samples. On the other hand, when added to the BBS glass sample, it seems that the Sm3+ ions are incorporated onto the crystallized region.

研究證實，助焊劑能將溶融合冷卻至其溶點之下，仍保持溶液態，亦即達到過冷態。這些溶液因而能夠進液態調幅分。它們凝固之後，會有種互相接的相。在這篇文，這種結構的合簡稱為網絡合。近期研究顯示，白鑄鐵Fe₈₀C₂₀ 亦可憑上述方法，冶成網絡合。其網絡合由種相構成。它們分別是αFe 子網絡及Fe₃C 子網絡，前者柔韌後者堅硬，因此這種網絡合有很優越的機械性能。 / 久之前，有報告研究Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄ 及Fe₈₄B₁₆ 網絡合的結晶過程。這篇文中，研究會集中在過冷Fe₈₀C₂₀ 的結晶過程。其微觀結構分為三區：區由無序網絡構成，十分細小。區之外遍佈高碳的Fe₃(C,B)，由於成份上與Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄的C區相，因此Fe₈₀C₂₀A區外的區稱作C₁ 區及C₂ 區，以相對照。C₁ 區的種子網絡成棒。C₂ 區與Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄ 的C 區一樣，網絡有明顯方向性，且長成樹幹圖案，其Fe₃(C,B) 子網絡屬多晶結構。 / 我們認為合的碳含是引致Fe₈₄B₁₆，Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄，Fe₈₀C₂₀ 三種網絡合，於微觀結構上有差別的原因。高碳的Fe₃(C,B)比低碳的Fe₃(C,B)難生長。以此，我們解釋上述三個合的結晶過程。在Fe₈₀C₂₀ 系統，大碳原子堆積於生長中的固體/液體界面前，這引致細小的A區､C₁ 區的高碳Fe₃(C,B)枝晶出現。 / By employing a fluxing technique, molten alloys can be undercooledsubstantially below its liquidus. The melts carry out phase separation by liquid state spinodal decomposition. After crystallization, solids with interconnected phases are obtained. They are called network alloy in this work. Recently, it is reported that a Fe₈₀C₂₀ eutectic ingot can be cast into a network alloy. The network alloy has two constituent phases. One of which is a ductile αFe subnetwork and the other one is a strong Fe₃C subnetwork. Therefore the network alloy has attractive mechanical properties. / The kinetics of crystallization in undercooled Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄ and Fe₈₄B₁₆ are latelyreported. In this thesis, the kinetics of crystallization in undercooled Fe₈₀C₂₀ alloy was studied. The microstructure can be classified into three zones. Zone A is a small random network. Outside zone A, the microstructure contains high-carbon Fe₃(C,B). In terms of the composition of Fe₃(C,B), they are analogous to the zone C inFe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄ system. Therefore the two zones outside zone A are named zone C₁ and C₂. Zone C₁ contains dendrites of the two subnetworks. Zone C₂ is the same as thezone C in Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄ systems, which is an aligned network structure showing patterns. The structure of Fe₃(C,B) subnetwork is polycrystalline. / The difference in microstructures between Fe₈₄B₁₆, Fe₇₉.₅B₆.₅C₁₄ and Fe₈₀C₂₀ isattributed to the carbon concentration. The formation of high carbon Fe₃(C,B) is less favoured than low carbon Fe₃(C,B). By this, the kinetics of crystallization in the 3 systems is explained. In Fe₈₀C₂₀, a high concentration of carbon atoms is established in front of the growing solid/liquid interface. This results in the presence of a small zone A and high carbon Fe₃(C,B) dendrites (zone C₁). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Yip, Kai Hou = 因過冷引致相分離的網絡結構Fe₈₀C₂₀合金的結晶動力學 / 葉繼豪. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Yip, Kai Hou = Yin guo leng yin zhi xiang fen li de wang luo jie gou Fe₈₀C₂₀ he jin de jie jing dong li xue / Ye Jihao. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Composites --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Different Types of Composites --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Fabrication of Composites --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Phase Transformation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Nucleation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Homogeneous Nucleation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Heterogeneous Nucleation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Growth --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Solidification in Pure Metals --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Solidification in Alloys --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Growth of Single-Phase Alloys --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Solidification in Eutectic Binary Alloys --- p.11 / Chapter 1.6 --- Phase Separation by Spinodal Decomposition --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Spontaneous Phase Separation --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Uphill Diffusion --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Modified Diffusion Equation --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Solution to the Equation --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Morphology Resulted from Spinodal Decomposition --- p.17 / Chapter 1.7 --- Aim of This Project --- p.18 / Figures --- p.20 / References --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Experiment --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- Preparation of Fused Silica Tube --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Sample Preparation --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of Eutectic Fe₈₀C₂₀ ingots --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Fluxing with Dehydrated B₂O₃ --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- Optical Microscopy Analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5 --- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6 --- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- TEM Specimen Preparation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6.1.1 --- Polishing --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.1.2 --- Ion Milling --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- TEM Characterization: Indexing Diffraction Patterns --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- TEM Characterization: Electron Energy Loss Spectrum (EELS) --- p.37 / Figures --- p.39 / References --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Kinetics of crystallization in undercooled phase-separated molten Fe₈₀C₂₀ alloys --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experimental --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- SEM studies --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- TEM studies --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.61 / Figures --- p.62 / References --- p.92 / Bibliography --- p.93

No description available.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.

This thesis describes a novel microfluidic platform to control the macromolecular concentrations and their applications in constructing the phase diagram of polymer aqueous solutions and in the high-throughput screening of protein crystallization conditions at the nanoliter scale. The microfluidic platform was fabricated using the soft-lithography method and based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) material, which is widely used in microfluidic device. PDMS is gas and water permeable elastomer. By exploiting the permeability of the gas and water in PDMS, we developed the degassed-PDMS nanoliter liquid dispensing system, the controlled microevaporation method in constructing the phase diagram of polymer aqueous solution, and the screening platform of protein crystallization conditions. / This thesis describes two types of degassed-PDMS nanoliter liquid dispensing system. One is dispensing without the microvalve, in which various liquids are dispensed through the degassed PDMS microchannel. It involves two steps: in the first step, the PDMS microchannel patch (or the entire microchip) is placed in a vacuum chamber for a certain time; in the second step, the target liquid is deposited at the inlet of the PDMS channel and dispensed into the PDMS microchamber. The other method is dispensing with the aid of PDMS microvalve. This method combines the valve control and degassed PDMS pumping source, which provides more control over on the liquid dispensing, such as isolating, mixing, etc. / Zhou, Xuechang. / Adviser: Bo Zheng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Orientador: Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton / Banca: José Paulo Stupiello / Banca: Leonardo Lucas Madaleno / Banca: Raul Andres Martinez Uribe / Banca: Flávia Cecílio Ribeiro / Resumo: Atualmente há crescente demanda do mercado consumidor de alimentos por produtos cada vez mais seguros à saúde humana. Entre estes, destaca-se o açúcar, que é amplamente consumido pela população mundial. Durante o processo de produção, são adicionados polieletrólitos sintéticos a base de acrilamida, objetivando a rápida sedimentação de impurezas presentes no caldo de cana durante a etapa de clarificação. Considerando-se que a molécula constituinte deste insumo pode ficar retido no cristal de açúcar, sua utilização deve ser controlada, uma vez que apresenta ações cancerígenas e neurotóxicas ao ser humano. Neste contexto, destacam-se o biomoléculas naturais que apresentam ação coagulante, como a proteína presente nas folhas e sementes da moringa. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o os reflexos do emprego de extratos de folhas e sementes de moringa, como auxiliares de sedimentação na clarificação do caldo de cana, na produção de açúcar e etanol. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia do Açúcar e do Álcool da FCAV/UNESP. O experimento foi realizado em 6 etapas. A primeira foi constituída pelo estudo de técnicas de extração da proteína presente na semente. Na segunda, realizou-se caracterização da proteína extraída. A terceira etapa derivou do teste de diferentes dosagens dos extratos na clarificação do caldo. A seguir realizou-se experimento comparativo entre os extratos de sementes e folhas de moringa, com floculante sintético comercial, floculante orgânico comercial, e tratamento testemunha, caracterizando-se o processe de clarificação do caldo e qualidade do açúcar produzido. A última etapa foi constituída pelo uso do melaço residual da produção de açúcar e de caldo clarificado com os 5 floculantes, como substrato para a produção de etanol. Observou-se que a utilização de solução a base de... / Abstract: There are currently increasing demands of the consumer market for food products ever safer to human health. Among these, it stands out sugar, which is widely consumed by the world population. During the production process, synthetic polyelectrolytes are added to the acrylamide-based, aimed at rapid sedimentation of impurities present in the juice of sugar cane during the clarification step. Considering that the constituent molecule of this input may be trapped in the crystal sugar, its use should be controlled, as it features carcinogenic and neurotoxic actions to humans. In this context, we highlight the natural biomolecules that have coagulant action, as this protein in the leaves and seeds of Moringa. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the reflections of leaf extracts of employment and moringa seeds, such as sedimentation aids in clarifying sugarcane juice, the sugar and ethanol. The experiment was carried out in Sugar Technology Laboratory and Alcohol FCAV/UNESP. The experiment was carried out in 6 steps. The first study was set up by extraction techniques of protein present in the seed. The second was held characterization of the extracted protein. The third step of the test derived from different dosages of the extracts in clarifying the broth. The following comparative experiment was carried out between extracts of seeds and moringa leaves with commercial synthetic flocculant, commercial organic flocculant, and control treatment, characterizing the process of clarifying the broth and quality of the sugar produced. The last step was formed by the use of the residual molasses from sugar production and clarified broth with 5 flocculants, as a substrate for ethanol production. It was observed that using the base solution of CaCl2 0.1 mol/L resulted in higher protein extraction compared to the use of solutions based KCl, MgCl2 and only distilled water. Characterise ... / Doutor

Elastômeros termoplásticos têm sido largamente empregados como adesivos hot melt em diferentes setores da indústria. Neste trabalho foram estudados dois copolímeros em bloco de poliuretano na forma particulada, base poliéster (TPU1) e policaprolactona (TPU2), com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho dos mesmos como adesivos particulados. Foram preparadas diferentes composições dos TPUs com aditivos de policarbodiimida (A), resina hidrocarbônica (B) e poliisocianato (C). Os TPUs aditivados em diferentes composições foram avaliados por termogravimetria (TGA) e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) e quanto à resistência da colagem. A cinética de cristalização dos TPUs particulados puros e aditivados em diferentes isotermas foi acompanhada por DSC. Os adesivos TPU1 apresentaram velocidade de cristalização mais lenta, com exceção do TPU1 contendo os aditivos A e B (TPU1AB). Os adesivos TPU2 apresentaram taxa de cristalização maior somente quando aditivado com mistura de aditivos (TPU2AB; TPU2BC; TPU2ABC; TPU2AC). O expoente de Avrami (n) foi inferior para os TPUs aditivados, o que sugere a ocorrência de alteração no tipo de nucleação e geometria de crescimento dos cristalitos. Os TPU1 (poliéster) e TPU2 (policaprolactona) apresentaram perfil de degradação térmica diferenciados devido a diferenças na estrutura química dos mesmos. Os adesivos TPU2 apresentaram valores de resistência mecânica mais elevados que os TPU1, em colagens de substratos de PVC. Os adesivos com maiores valores de resistência (TPU1A e TPU2A) foram extrusados e micronizados para uso como tal. O adesivo TPU1A micronizado apresentou aumento da resistência mecânica. As colagens com os adesivos TPU1 e TPU2 apresentaram falha coesiva e as composições TPU1B e TPU2AC demonstraram falha coesiva e adesiva em ensaio de tração. O processamento dos adesivos TPU1 por tratamento de plasma favoreceu um incremento dos valores de resistência de colagens em substratos de PVC. / Thermoplastic elastomers have widely been used as hot melt adhesives in different industry sectors. In this paper were studied two polyurethane block copolymers in particulate form, based polyester (TPU1) and polycaprolactone (TPU2), in order to evaluate their performance as adhesives. Different compositions of TPUs were prepared with polycarbodiimide (A), hydrocarbon resin (B) and polyisocyanate (C) additives. The TPUs with additives in different compositions were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by the bond strength. The kinetics crystallization of pure and additivated TPUs at different isotherms were followed by DSC. The TPU1 adhesives showed lower crystallization rate, except the TPU1 with both A and B additives (TPU1AB). The TPU2 adhesives showed higher crystallization rate only when formulated with mixture of additives (TPU2AB; TPU2BC; TPU2ABC; TPU2AC). The Avrami exponent (n) was lower for the TPUs containing additives, which suggests changes in the nucleation type and crystallites growth geometry. The thermal degradation profile of both TPU1 (polyester) and TPU2 (polycaprolactone) adhesives were quite different due to chemical differences. The TPU2 adhesives showed higher strength values than TPU1s on PVC substrates. The adhesives with higher bond strength (TPU1A and TPU2A) were extruded and micronized, and the TPU1A adhesive showed improved bonding property. The TPU1 and TPU2 adhesives on PVC collages showed cohesive failure and the TPU1B and TPU2AC compositions showed cohesive and adhesive failure under tension test. The adhesive plasma treatment promoted a bonding increasing of TPU1 on PVC substrates.

Li, Yuefang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of contents --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction to protein crystallization --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Principles of protein crystallization --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Classical methods to crystallize protein --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Crystal growth in unique environments: the pursuit of better crystals --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Protein crystallization in space --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Crystallization in gel and capillary --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Microfluidic methods for protein crystallization: high through-put screenings --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Valve-controlled methods --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Droplet-based methods --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Microwell-based methods --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objective of the project --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Rehydratable hydrogel in nanoliter microwells --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Experimental --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Fabrication of SU-8 mould --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Fabrication of the PDMS device --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Liquid dispensing in PDMS device --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Polymerization of PA gel --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Drying and Rehydration of PA gel --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and discussions --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of PA gel in PDMS device --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Immobilization of PA gel in microwells --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Dehydration and Rehydration of PA gel --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Liquid dispensing in the gel-preloaded microwells --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Protein crystallization by gel-based FID --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experimental --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Conditions used for crystallize proteins --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Protein crystallization by microbatch method --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Protein crystallization in microchip --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussions --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Crystallization in microplate --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Crystallization in microwells --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusions --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1 --- Summary of the work --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Future perspectives --- p.44 / Reference --- p.46