Esta pesquisa visou estudar um período da História da Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural na Argentina, entre 1938-1946, anos durante os quais Ricardo Levene foi presidente da Comisión Nacional de Museos y de Monumentos y Lugares Históricos (CNMMyLH). Procedeu-se da concepção de que a preservação do patrimônio é uma ação cultural, ou seja, produto de um tempo e espaço determinado, e de que existiu a pretensão de resgatar, através do patrimônio tombado pela Comissão, uma memória específica para contribuir para a construção de uma idéia de Nação Argentina. Para isso se objetivou estudar o contexto no qual se inseriu a ação da Comissão, os agentes que nela atuaram, as idéias orientadoras do grupo, os valores que resgataram, as particularidades da gestão, o patrimônio que estabeleceram, as características da intervenção física no patrimônio. Para tanto, articularam-se várias pesquisas: a realizada nos Boletins da CNMMyLH (1938-1946), a análise dos Decretos de Tombamento dos Bens definidos como Patrimônio, os textos elaborados pelos personagens vinculados ao trabalho da Comissão, e a desenvolvida nos arquivos da Dirección General de Arquitectura (DGA) em Córdoba. Esta abordagem permitiu tomar, como ponto de partida, o entendimento geral da ação da CN, de suas palavras, de seus ritos e procedimentos, para chegar ao estudo de um exemplo concreto de intervenção: aquela realizada durante a década de 1940 no Conjunto Jesuítico da Igreja da Companhia de Jesus e da Residência dos Padres, em Córdoba, Argentina. / This paper studied a period of the History of the Cultural Heritage Preservation in Argentina, between 1938 and 1946, the years when Ricardo Levene was the president of the Comisión Nacional de Museos y de Monumentos y Lugares Historicos (CNMMyLH). The work started with the concept that the heritage preservation is a cultural action, in other words, product of a specific time and space, and that there was the intent to rescue, through the definition of the preserved heritage, a specific memory to contribute to the construction of a concept of Argentinean Nation. The context in which the commission action was inserted, the people who acted in it, the advising ideas of the group, the values which have been rescued, the peculiarities of the management, the established heritage and the characteristics of the physical intervention on the heritage have all been studied in order to achieve this. Some research has been done in order to complete these objectives: The one performed on the CNMMyLH bulletins (1938-1946), analysis of the Decree-Laws that defined the heritage, the texts created by the characters related to the work of the Commission, and the one developed in the files of the Dirección General de Arquitectura (DGA) in Córdoba. This approach has allowed the general understanding of the action of the CN, their words, their rites and procedures, to be taken as a ground zero, in order to study a concrete case of intervention in the heritage: The one done during the 1940s in the Church and Residence buildings of the Jesuit Fathers in Córdoba City, Argentina.

Antes de possuir legislação específica de proteção do patrimônio cultural, a cidade de Santos sofreu perdas consideráveis em relação a sua memória edificada, decorrentes da modernização e ampliação de seu porto, impulsionadas pela economia de exportação. No sentido de se contrapor a essas perdas, surgiram a partir dos anos 1970 diversas manifestações e debates favoráveis à preservação em Santos. Desta maneira, foram feitos diversos pedidos de tombamentos aos órgãos oficiais de preservação e no final dos anos 1980 teve início o processo de implantação de políticas de preservação no Município, com a criação do Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Cultural de Santos (CONDEPASA). Assim, os objetivos desta pesquisa são contextualizar o papel desempenhado pelos órgãos de preservação, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico (CONDEPHAAT) e CONDEPASA, além de apresentar e analisar os Programas de Municipais de Preservação que contribuíram para a revitalização do centro histórico. Para melhor compreensão deste processo serão também analisadas quatro obras de restauração: Casarão Branco da Praia, Outeiro de Santa Catarina, Teatro Guarany e Casarões do Valongo. / Before it has specific legislation for the protection of cultural heritage, the city of Santos suffered considerable losses in relation to its built memory, with the modernization and expansion of its port, driven by the export economy. In opposing to these losses, several manifestations and debates emerged from the 1970s in favor of preservation in Santos. In this way, several requests for registration were made to the official preservation agencies and in the late 1980s the process of implementing preservation policies in the Municipality began, with the creation of the Council for the Defense of the Cultural Heritage of Santos (CONDEPASA). Thus, the objectives of this research are to contextualize the role played by the preservation organs, the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), the Council for the Defense of Historic, Artistic, Archaeological and Tourist Heritage (CONDEPHAAT) and CONDEPASA, besides presenting and analyzing The Municipal Preservation Programs that contributed to the revitalization of the historic center. To better understand this process, four restoration works will also be analyzed: Casarão Branco da Praia, Outeiro de Santa Catarina, Guarany Theater and Casarões do Valongo.

La recherche vise à retracer les origines de la notion de «paysage urbain» dans le débat sur la protection des villes historiques dans la deuxième partie du XXe siècle. Elle procède à une analyse comparée entre l'Italie et la France, dont le système juridique est caractérisé par la protection publique du patrimoine. L'analyse couvre les axes suivantes: la généalogie du terme, les variation de la notion et ses relations avec les théories relatives à la protection de la ville historique; le développement du système législatif et ses connexions possibles au débat culturel; la relation entre le débat théorique et les pratiques d’urbanisme. Cette dernière question est analysée au moyen de deux cas d’étude, Turin et Lyon. Ces deux enquêtes ont été rendues possibles par des fonds d'archives. La reconstruction du débat théorique et de l’élaboration d’un appareil législatif repose, quant à elle, sur un corpus constitué par les principales revues professionnelles italiennes et françaises.Bien que les débats français et italiens des décennies d’après la Seconde Guerre mondiale aient élaboré un concept de paysage urbain comme patrimoine particulièrement intéressant, ils ne sont pas parvenus à être traduits dans des dispositions législatives substantielles. La protection et la mise en valeur du paysage urbain demeurent des questions ouvertes. La notion de paysage urbain en tant que patrimoine doit encore être théorisée, au moins sur le plan législatif.Cette étude tente de contribuer à cette conceptualisation. / This study aims to trace the roots of the notion of “urban landscape" within the debate on the protection of historic citiesduring the second half of the 20th century. The analysis is carried out through a comparison between Italy and France, whose legal systems are characterized by the public protection of cultural heritage.The analysis covers three main areas: the genealogy of the concept of urban landscape, its variations, and its relation with the theory of the historic centre; the development of legislation and its connection with the cultural debate; the outcomes in urban planning practice. To analyse the theoretical debate on urban landscape the main sources include the most important Italian and French professional periodicals. Urban planning outcomes are analyzed through two case studies on Turin and Lyon, developed by archive research. Although the French and Italian discourses of the post world war II decades have been particularly interesting for the cultural elaboration about preservation and promotion of urban heritage, both Italian and Frenchnotions of urban landscape didn’t succeed in reaching substantial outcomes in term of legislation.The preservation and promotion of urban landscape are still open questions, and the concept of urban landscape as part of cultural heritage is still to be theorized, at least on a legislative level.This study attempts to contribute to this conceptualization.

This PhD dissertation examines the relationships between cultural heritage and the environment, focusing specifically on the devastation and rebuilding of New Orleans, Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Departing from conventional approaches to the natural world (such as documentation- and conservation-based approaches), this thesis adopts a developmental-systems based approach to cultural heritage in order to construct a new way of interpreting it, within the specific context of natural disaster. This new approach, termed 'heritage ecology', reinterprets cultural heritage in two ways: first, as a physical assemblage of sites, materials, traditions, beliefs, and practices that are constructed in significant ways by their natural environments; and second, as a metaphorical ecosystem which impacts back on the assessment and construction of that natural environment in turn. In order to construct this approach, the thesis poses three interrelated questions: how is cultural heritage transformed as a result of disaster, how do societies rebuild their heritage after disaster, and how does heritage contribute to the rebuilding process? Examining a rebuilding process in real-time provides a unique window on these processes; events and developments in New Orleans taken from the first four years of recovery (2005-2009) suggest that prior understandings of how societies rebuild themselves after disaster have neglected crucial aspects of cultural heritage that are integral to that process. The examination of data from the case study - data of diverse forms, such as historiography, the culinary arts, music, the built environment, and memorial sites and landscapes - reveals the limitations of traditional approaches to heritage and prompts a reassessment of a range of issues central to heritage research, issues such as materiality, authenticity, and commodification. This study moreover incorporates into heritage research concepts previously unconsidered, such as infrastructure and policy. In the coming century of global climate change and increased environmental hazards, this last theme will become increasingly central to heritage policy and research; the dissertation concludes accordingly, with a reflection on contingency and future disaster.

Object of this thesis is to find out, if the Austrian cultural monuments from the List of World Heritage UNESCO determinate tourism in the country. The thesis is divided into two bigger parts. The first part deals with the country characteristics, economy and tourism. The second part analyses culture heritage UNESCO in Austria. It describes Austrian cultural monuments, it presents statistics about tourism in regions and it deals with tourism development.

The diploma work is focused on financing of cultural monuments which are privately owned. The paper defines the notion of cultural monuments and obligations of the owner resulting from the legislation. Included are the general conditions for obtaining grants. Funding of restoration of cultural monuments can be obtained from the state budget, municipal budgets, EU funds and EEA / Norway Financial Mechanism. Another option is to cooperate with socially responsible companies. The findings were applied to the cultural monument Jarošův mlýn and the specific options applicable to this monument are suggested. The biggest obstacles to obtaining the grants are mentioned.

The purpose of this thesis is to figure out the significance of the bagpiping tradition in the Czech Republic its potential to be added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. The thesis explains the current laws and ordinances in the area of protection of intangible cultural heritage and its application in the Czech Republic. The paper then explores the history and development of the bagpiping tradition and shows the current presentation in rural culture. Based on this theoretical part it answers the question if the bagpiping tradition has potential to be added to the Representative List or if there are steps that need to be taken first.

The TEBA recruitment centre in Pafuri has come under discussion and debate with the developments of the GLTP. The site has played a signficant role in the social and economic history of this dynamic permeable borderzone. Through documenting the experienced memory and meaning of the site on either side of the border, developments of the site as a heritage site in a Transboundary protected area have been considered. Ethnographic interviews were used to document these meanings. TEBA is a reminder of a prosperous past amidst the current desperate poverty and unemployment and with little faith in the government, the Kruger and Limpopo Parks, TEBA is looked to for the provision of employment. This lack of faith in the parks and their insensitivity towards the historical significance reflects the lack of real transformation in conservation philosophy that the Transfrontier Initiative claims to have achieved. In order for the site to be holistically and ethically represented, greater and more real incorporation of stakeholders is necessary.

This thesis engages with sustainable cultural heritage by considering how user-produced maps may reveal new knowledge about heritage values. Through interrogating whether authorized heritage values and unauthorized heritage values are aligned, as manifested in cartographical sources, by taking the World Heritage city of Visby, Sweden as a case study. The thesis will use primary source maps produced by users and compare them to sites of authorized heritage values to determine if, and where, new and divergent heritage values may appear. By considering a bottom-up approach to cultural heritage valuation, as well as supporting the preservation of user heritage values, this thesis contributes how to sustainably plan for cultural heritage from both a social and physical perspective.            The findings from the study reveal how heritage is functioning within the city of Visby, and the larger Gotland Island, to both reenforce authorized values, as well as portray new sites of heritage values. A major feature of Visby and Gotland has to do with its many periods of heritagization, which have created a phenomenon described by the user-produced maps as several heritages existing together in a singular geographical location. The user-produced maps are therefore proved to be exceptionally rich sources for user values and trends related to heritage, and should be considered for digital preservation for scholars, learners and those preserving heritage environments into the future. This study demonstrates the usefulness of user-produced maps as primary sources, and highlights key ways in which authorized heritages may be limiting to user contributions. Therefore, initiatives to encourage users to continue to create maps related to their heritage values should be encouraged. The creation of digital maps by users has limitless potential to enrich, portray, and preserve the lived heritage realities of the users, supplementing the authorized heritage values already established.

This study explores various notions of authenticity in tourism experience and seeks to establish if these notions are compatible with the concept of authenticity in conservation of the built environment. Three wine farms in the Cape Winelands cultural landscape, a proposed serial World Heritage Site, have been studied. The study suggests that object-related or material authenticity is being replaced with alternative notions of authenticity in tourism and that the toured object, for the purpose of winelands tourism in the Western Cape during this period, no longer needs to be authentic.