Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Farm tourism is a fast growing industry in South Africa and internationally. It not only supplements farmers’ income, but can also contribute to social and economic developments in rural areas. Before farm tourism can be implemented it is important to evaluate a farm and its surrounding district to assess whether it can be a successful enterprise. Certain norms are applied in the process of assessment. An assessment was done of the farms Soutpan and Sewefontein, and also the districts of Calvinia and Nieuwoudtville. The location of the farms and surrounding areas were evaluated according to climate, ecology and geology. Tourist attractions on the farms and surrounding areas were also evaluated. The study offers a cultural historical perspective on farm tourism: the history of the farms and their owners is discussed, as well as the architecture with regard to style, the materials and building methods. Daily life and farm activities of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are investigated. This includes aspects of intangible culture, such as word art (including place names and names of persons), as well as weatherlore. Tested against the system of norms, it would be possible to run a farm tourism industry on Soutpan, because there are several attractions to entice tourists to the farm. The Karoo topography and isolation of the farm will however not be acceptable to all tourists. A few of the farm buildings are derelict and extensive capital investment will be needed to repair them. Extensive marketing will also be necessary to successfully advertise and run the farm as a tourist venture. Sewefontein, on the other hand, complies to all the relevant norms and has already been established as a successful farm tourism enterprise. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plaastoerisme is in Suid-Afrika en in die buiteland ‘n snelgroeiende bedryf. Dit vul nie net die boer se inkomste aan nie, maar kan ook ‘n suksesvolle bydrae lewer tot die sosiale en ekonomiese ontwikkeling van plattelandse streke. Alvorens plaastoerisme bedryf word, is dit belangrik om ‘n waardebepaling van ‘n plaas en die omgewing waarin dit geleë is, te maak, om te bepaal of plaastoerisme suksesvol bedryf sal kan word. Dié waardebepaling word aan die hand van sekere norme gedoen. ‘n Waardebepaling van die plase Soutpan en Sewefontein en die Calvinia- en Nieuwoudtvilleomgewings is gedoen. Die ligging van die plase en die omgewing is geëvalueer ten opsigte van klimaat, plantegroei en geologie, terwyl toeriste-aantreklikhede op die plase en in die omgewing ook ondersoek is. Die studie bied ‘n kultuurhistoriese perspektief op plaastoerisme: die geskiedenis van die plase en hulle eienaars is bespreek, asook die argitektuur in terme van styl, boumateriaal en boumetodes. Die daaglikse lewe en plaasaktiwiteite van die negentiende en twintigste eeu is ondersoek. Dit sluit aspekte van geestelike kultuur soos volkswoordkuns (onder meer plekname en persoonsname) en volksweerkunde in. Getoets aan die normesisteem sou dit wel moontlik wees om plaastoerisme op Soutpan te bedryf aangesien daar heelwat aantreklikhede is wat toeriste daarheen sou kon lok. Die Karoo-topografie en afgesonderheid van die plaas sal egter nie by alle toeriste byval vind nie. Van die geboue op die plaas is reeds vervalle en groot kapitale inset en intensiewe bemarking sal nodig wees om plaastoerisme suksesvol te bedryf. Sewefontein voldoen goed aan die normesisteem en plaastoerisme kan, en word reeds, suksesvol daar bedryf.

This thesis examines the first seventeen years of the history of the Museum of Modern Art Oxford (MOMA), from its founding in 1965 until c. 1982. It is concerned with the changing relationships between the museum and its audience, focusing on those aspects of the museum's programming that shed light on its role as a public mediator of recent art. This provides a means to consider the underlying values and commitments that informed MOMA's emergence as a leading contemporary art institution. Chapter one examines the museum's relationship to utopian countercultures through the metaphor of the museum as 'garden'; chapter two considers the erstwhile 'permanent' collection and its connection to corporate patronage; chapter three investigates the parallel forces of institutional critique and institutionalization; and chapter four addresses didactic strains in the museum's representation of an emergent multiculturalism. Although dedicated to the history of a single regional gallery, the thematic structure of the thesis provides entry points into historical and theoretical issues of broader relevance. It is based on primary research in the previously neglected archive of what is now known as Modern Art Oxford, supplemented by interviews with artists and former staff members, and by close attention to British art periodicals and exhibition catalogues of the period. It is also informed by critical writings on museums and displays, and by artistic, social and museological histories, allowing the museum's activities to be situated within the cultural politics of these turbulent decades. The thesis suggests that institutional identity - as exemplified by the history of MOMA from 1965-1982 - is porous and discontinuous: the development of the museum over this period is animated by multiple and often contradictory ideals, continuously shaped by pragmatic considerations, and subject to a rich variety of subjective responses.

Orientador: Helio Rebello Cardoso Junior / Banca: Maria Teresa Santos Cunha / Banca: Tânia Regina de Luca / Resumo: O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é tentar compreender algumas das motivações que, na metade do século passado, ainda orientavam as atividades de muitos grupos de intelectuais no interior do país. Assim, através da análise de um rico acervo epistolar acumulado entre 1948 e 1959 pelo Centro Cultural Euclides da Cunha, de Ponta Grossa (PR), o presente estudo procura desvendar a empolgação característica que cercava as atividades do grupo intelectual ali reunido. Ao se examinar hoje os indícios e vestígios encontrados nessa documentação, é possível perceber, por exemplo, a existência de um apego muito grande às lides científicoliterárias e ao trabalho intelectual diletante. Na mais remota das hipóteses e sem a menor dúvida, tais motivos devem ter ocupado tempo e espaço consideráveis nas vidas destas pessoas, devem ter mobilizado suas existências e, desse modo, forjado em grande parte suas identidades. Em última análise, estas questões devem ter tido um significado que agora irremediavelmente nos escapa. Tendo isso em vista, a proposta deste trabalho é tentar reconstruir este significado nos pormenores de suas dimensões social, conceitual e subjetiva, lançando mão para tanto de alguns conceitos e apontamentos enfeixados pela história cultural / Abstract: The aim of this research is to understand some reasons which have guided the activities of many intellectuals groups in Brazil's half of twentieth century. Then, through analysis of the epistolary rich collection amassed between 1948-1959 by the Centro Cultural Euclides da Cunha, of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, this study tries to uncover the great excitement that surrounded the activities of the intellectual group gathered there. By examining these documents it is possible to realize the existence of a very large devotion to scientific, literary and intellectual works. Undoubtedly, those reasons must have occupied considerable time and space in the lives of these people, should have mobilized their existence and thus largely forged their identities. Keeping this in view, the purpose of this work is to try to reconstruct this meaning in its social, conceptual and subjective details, using for that some cultural history methodological guidelines / Mestre

Over the eighteenth century, ancient history was increasingly read in English, appearing in new forms and interpretations. This reflected the development of history in universities as a subject not merely read, but taught. This teaching took on many forms: serving as a predecessor to other studies, building a knowledge base of case studies for 'higher' subjects, or (increasingly) an independent subject. What ancient history was taught, how was it taught, why was it taught, and what did students go on to use it for? Ancient history as an independent subject had a limited role in the curriculum despite the foundation of Chairs of History in most universities. When it was taught as such, the focus was on explaining modern institutions via ancient comparisons; on the training of statesmen by classical examples; or, more rarely, on demonstrating a particular conception of social development. These uses of history could be seen across both national and subject boundaries. Whilst differences between universities are evident, evidence in the teaching of history suggests the absolute dichotomy between the English and Scottish systems has been overstated. The interesting case of Trinity College Dublin suggests common features across Britain in how 'liberal education' was conceived of and how history fit into it. The practical application of ancient history to the education of statesmen may be seen in the variety of ways it was used in political discourse. This is explored mainly in Parliament, the ultimate destination of the "statesmen" in whose training history was supposed to play a large part, via debates over questions of empire and imperial rights in the second half of the eighteenth century. Superior knowledge of ancient history constituted a rhetorical claim to the twin statuses of gentleman, being classically-educated, and statesman - showing understanding of historical context and precedent.

In this essay, reader-response theory is used to explore the application of history in "The Rats in the Walls" and "At the Mountains of Madness" by H.P. Lovecraft.Utilizing the concepts of the informed reader and temporal reading, this essay concludes that Lovecraft used history in two distinct ways. Firstly, history is used as a means to build immersion, ambience, and explore the individual's place in history by drawing upon English cultural layers. Secondly, it functions to reflect on human history in relation to human existence and geological history by turning the history of Earth into the history of an alien species. Furthermore, this essay concludes that Lovecraft and history could be valuble assets to an EFL classroom by relating the findings to theory on reader-response in education. Firstly, it enables students to reflect on social issues in the past and the present by looking at Lovecraft's historical settings, his antiquated prose and the casual racism he exhibits in his texts. Secondly, Lovecraft's apparent obsession with his historical identity and ancestry provides an opening for the students to contemplate their own sense of identity as it relates to culture and history. The underlying idea being that the best way to reveal Lovecraft's use of history is to consider what the individual reader brings to the reading experience.

A pesquisa empreende uma reflexão histórica inscrita no campo científico da História da Educação, embasada teoricamente nos pressupostos da História Cultural e da história da cultura escrita e da leitura, com o uso de autores como Michel de Certeau e Roger Chartier. Seu objeto de análise situa-se no âmbito da história da imprensa de educação e ensino, e destaca a produção de impressos estudantis. Detém-se na análise de um corpus documental que corresponde a 31 exemplares da revista O Estudo, publicada entre os anos de 1922 a 1931, pelo Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. E propõe a compreensão das práticas de escrita e de leitura das alunas através da publicação da revista. Para isso, a proposta de Chartier sobre a análise de práticas de escrita e de leitura se torna essencial, ou seja, estudar as relações entre o suporte, o texto e as práticas de leitura. O suporte, isto é a materialização da revista O Estudo, com sua apresentação física, sua composição gráfica e sua circulação, propagou textos que foram dispostos, impressos e publicados de maneira diversa. Também revelou os tipos de relação que a equipe de redação procurava estabelecer entre os textos e os leitores. A revista O Estudo pode ser compreendida como um produto da cultura escrita de um tempo, no contexto de uma instituição e de uma ação formativo-pedagógica. Nela o escrito se faz presente através de uma vasta produção textual, que contribuiu para uma maior circulação da palavra escrita e para suprir a demanda por material escrito. As alunas coordenaram escrita com leitura ao apresentarem textos referentes às aulas práticas, valendo-se das teorias difundidas no processo de formação e das experiências escolares. As leituras que integram a formação de professoras também estão apresentadas na publicação de textos transcritos, traduzidos e adaptados, recurso amplamente utilizado para a composição d’O Estudo. Esses usos dos textos demonstram a forma como foram apreendidos, (re)utilizados, (re)escritos e produzidos no impresso estudantil e dispostos conforme a intenção editorial das alunas. Nesse processo de composição, difusão e apropriação, a instituição escolar passa a ter um contributo significativo, pois além do processo do ensino da leitura e da escrita, também colabora através dos novos usos e práticas que faz dos impressos. A Escola lança mão da prática de escrita de um impresso em formato de revista, um artefato sociocultural existente, incluindo como prática escolar. Isto é, a Escola, e mais especificamente as alunas da Escola Complementar/Normal, manipularam, compreenderam e apreenderam a palavra escrita em circulação na sociedade e estiveram envolvidas com a produção de um impresso estudantil, incentivado como prática escolar. / The research presents a historical reflection inscribed in the scientific field of History of Education, with the purposes of Cultural History and the history of writing and reading, with the use of Michel de Certeau and Roger Chartier. His object of analysis lies in the history of education press and teaching, and highlights the production of student press. Focuses on the analysis of 31 copies of the journal O Estudo, published between the years 1922 to 1931, for the Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. For this, the Chartier’s proposed on the analysis of practices of writing and reading becomes essential, ie, to study the relationships between the suport, the text and reading practices. The suport, i.e. the materialization of the journal O Estudo, with their physical presentation, graphical composition and circulation, spread texts that were arranged, printed and published in a different way. It also revealed the types of relationship that the editorial team sought to establish between texts and readers. Finally, the students produced the magazine genre in the school and encouraged the production of printed student. The journal O Estudo can be understood as a product of the culture of a time writing in the context of an institution and an action pedagogical-training. Here the writing is present across a wide textual production, which contributed to greater circulation of written words and to meet the demand for written material. The students coordinated with reading when submitting written texts related to practical lessons, using theories widespread in the educational process and school experiences. The readings in the training of teachers are also presented in the publication of texts transcribed, translated and adapted, widely used resource for the composition of O Estudo. These uses of texts demonstrate how were seized, (re)used, (re)written and produced in student press and arranged according to the intention of publishing students. In the process of composition, diffusion and appropriation, the school institution is replaced by a significant contribution, because beyond the process of teaching reading and writing, also works through new uses and practices that make the print. The school makes use of the practice of writing in a printed journal format, an sociocultural artifact, including how school practice. That is, the school, and more specifically the students of the Escola Complementar/Normal, manipulated, understood and seized the written word circulating in society and were involved with the production of a student press, encouraged as school practice.

This dissertation explores how feeling was of central importance to the religiosity of Protestants in the north west of England between 1660 and 1740. It demonstrates how in their personal, familial, public and voluntary religious practices these Protestants understood the cultivation of emotions, or more precisely 'affections', as indispensable for the fulfilment of their devotional exercises. Each of these practices was constructive of communities that were linked by feeling and within which different forms of affective norms were expected. These communities preserved much of that godly culture which had otherwise characterised English Protestantism in the earlier seventeenth century. Moreover, by doing so they frequently minimised in part the importance of conformity to the Church of England. Friendships were maintained between conformists and nonconformists and they shared in a culture of religious feeling, which drew on the same topoi in their religious activities. This thesis will make original contributions to a number of debates. It challenges the prevailing narratives of a 'reaction against enthusiasm' dominating the religious discourse of the period. In contrast, it suggests that through the cultivation of feeling, Protestants in the period between the re-establishment of the Church of England and the Evangelical Revival continued to experience a vital religiosity. It thus also questions the suitability of describing some religious movements as inherently more 'emotional' than others. A more viable exploration can be found in differing forms of emotionality in different religious cultures. By examining the north west of England the thesis also revises the notion that the region was spiritually impoverished before the rise of Methodism, or that the religion provided by the Church of England and Protestant nonconformity failed to engage its attendants. The thesis is divided into five chapters which explore the affective communities to which English Protestants of the period and region belonged. These communities were concentric and sequential, in that the individual Protestant might pass between all of them depending upon their devotional practice. Chapter One examines personal religious devotion, conducted mostly alone. It demonstrates the unity between feeling and reason in personal experience of God. Chapter Two examines family religion and how it was defined by a meditative affect and engaged in by a broad spectrum of Protestant affiliation. Chapter Three explores public worship and its central role within the devotional economy; being both the affective crescendo of devotional practice and being a source of pious affections. Chapter Four looks at voluntary religious practices, showing how friendship was defined by its devotional nature and how the various religious societies of the period continued to promote an affective religiosity. Chapter Five considers clerical communities and how these were maintained across lines of conformity and also provided significant spiritual succour to the ministers of conformity and nonconformity in the region.

ix, 212 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation discusses the political conceptualization and social practice of the body in early China through a close examination of the texts and documents produced from the Spring and Autumn period to the end of the Eastern Han dynasty. It demonstrates that, in addition to medical concerns, the body in early China was transformed into a political concept and a ritual subject that served indispensably in state construction and social control. It is divided into the following three chapters. Chapter one, "Physiognomy and the Body," examines the relationship between physiognomy and the body. Following a roughly chronological order, this chapter shows how physiognomy, a divination technique, read the body for political purposes. In addition to this, the chapter also discusses philosophical reactions to this political interpretation of the body by looking at criticisms in the works of Mengzi, Xunzi, Dong Zhongshu, Wang Chong and Wang Fu. Chapter two, "Politics and the Body," discusses the political theory and practice of the body in early China. It begins with a description of the metaphorical meanings of the body in early political discourse, focusing on their role in defining the competitive relationship between the ruler and the minister, as well as their significance in defending the political and ethical legitimacy of the state. The use of the body as an actual political tool forms the second consideration of this chapter. I demonstrate how the political symbolism of the body weighted significantly in Han China's foreign policy making. Chapter three, "Ritual and the Body," deals with the issue of ritualization of the body in early China. The chapter is organized in accordance with two issues concerning the body in early ritual theories: ritualizing the body and embodying the ritual. I show how ritual trains the body to be acceptable to the society and how the ritualized body facilitates the maintenance of a hierarchical social order. / Adviser: Stephen Durrant

xvii, 417 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In the postwar era, early modern or Edo period (1600-1868) Japan has most often been represented as a culture in isolation due to ostensibly draconian Bakufu regime policies that promised death to any one returning from abroad ( sakokuron , or the "Closed-Country" theory). While historians of Japan acknowledge limited contact with Dutch, Chinese, Korean, and Ryukyuans, the two hundred and sixty-some years of the Edo Period has consistently been interpreted as a time in which an indigenous Japanese culture developed and flourished without the corrupting influence of extensive foreign contact. This project takes as its subject the stories of thousands of Japanese fisherman and sailors who became distressed at sea ( hyôryûmin ) and subsequently drifted throughout the Pacific before being rescued and repatriated by foreigners during the late 18 th and 19 th centuries. The hundreds of narratives that comprise this textual category of early modern hyôryûki or "castaway narratives" served as the primary means of representing encounters with foreigners in and around the Pacific region and, in turn projecting an emerging Japanese national consciousness. The origins of these hyôryûki are tied to the earlier establishment of diplomatic protocol for handling repatriated castaways primarily within an East Asian context and the kuchigaki ("oral testimonial") narrative records that resulted from interrogations of the repatriated subjects by both bakufu and domain officials. Late Edo castaways also had their stories of drift recorded in kuchigaki form, however with the encroachment of first Russian, and later English, American, and other western ships in the waters off the coast of Japan in the late Edo period (post-1780) other hyôryûki forms--both scholarly and popular--came to proliferate, as it became imperative to translate and re-imagine geopolitical developments in the greater Pacific. This dissertation not only uncovers a diverse textual and cultural category of hyôryûki , but also the complicated interrelationship between cultural production and concrete territorial and political concerns of the State. In so doing, it not only challenges traditional historiography of early modern Japan, but also reclaims a certain cultural specificity for the late Edo Japanese hyôryûki , contextualizing these texts within a more global process of colonization and modern Nation-State formation. / Committee in charge: Stephen Kohl, Chairperson, East Asian Languages & Literature; Alisa Freedman, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Maram Epstein, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Jeffrey Hanes, Outside Member, History

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Watanabe.pdf: 898675 bytes, checksum: a06587bccd2a5612f2b9fc0532ab6a99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work had as study object the Brazilian protestant historiography, especially presbyterian, of the decades of 1950 until the beginning of 1990. The visualization of the dispute around representations in this historiography showed a dynamic of the production place, in which a simple dualist clivagem (between pursued and persecuting) is not enough for the understanding of the many interests and there involved agents. The great occurred transformations in the Brazilian religious institutions during this period had affected in differentiated way the concretely protestant historiography and citizens. From a critical one based in some estimated of New Cultural History, we visualize that the historiography constructed the protestantism from definitive problems, relations and characters which, unmixedly exclude other citizens and subjects. An interpretative project of little problematization of documents of the institutional machine was consolidated; it neglects aspects of the Brazilian religious culture, of the operationalization of the hair power and the capacity of the citizens to re-significated imposed practical speeches and / O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo a historiografia protestante brasileira, especialmente presbiteriana, das décadas de 1950 até o início de 1990. A visualização da disputa em torno das representações nessa historiografia mostrou um lugar de produção dinâmico, no qual uma simples clivagem dualista (entre perseguidos e perseguidores) não foi suficiente para a compreensão dos muitos interesses e agentes ali envolvidos. As grandes transformações ocorridas nas instituições religiosas brasileiras durante esse período afetaram de maneira diferenciada a historiografia e os sujeitos concretamente protestantes. A partir de uma crítica baseada em alguns pressupostos da Nova História Cultural, visualizamos que a historiografia construiu o protestantismo a partir de determinados problemas, relações e personagens os quais, invariavelmente, excluem outros sujeitos e assuntos. Foi consolidado um esquema interpretativo de pouca problematização dos documentos da máquina institucional; negligenciou aspectos da cultura religiosa brasileira, da operacionalidade do poder capilar e da capacidade dos sujeitos resignificarem discursos e práticas impostas.