This mini-thesis serves as an introduction to the drawing up of a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) plan for Thulamela Heritage Site in the Kruger National Park. It is envisaged that this will be a strategy by which Thulamela heritage resources (including natural and cultural elements) will be identified, their significance assessed, and interpretations constructed to guide their conservation and presentation in a manner that is consistent with their availability for public appreciation or enjoyment. Thulamela Project involves the process of locating, assessing, and dealing appropriately with the Thulamela heritage resources which are represented by the physical manifestation of humanity’s interaction with the natural world around the site and surrounding landscape of Thulamela. This thesis will serve as a guideline towards designing a CRM plan for Thulamela Heritage Site that will be practical. Most of the issues here are management plan issues that the KNP should start implementing in order to preserve and conserve the site for future generations. This study is a result of fieldwork undertaken in the KNP. Problem areas and opportunities are identified. Goals and objectives of a Management Plan for Thulamela Heritage Site are identified and solutions are proposed. Three appendices have been added at the end of the thesis. These are additional recommendations that can be implemented concurrently with the implementation of the CRM plan. The additions are: - Professor Tom Huffman’s “Standard interpretation brochure”. This is a brochure that is intended to be used by Thulamela Tour Guides during trips. It emerged as a result of differing information from different tour guides at Thulamela. The brochure that is attached herewith is still a draft. It will have to be perused and approved by the Thulamela Heritage Site Board of Trustees. - The “Suggested excursion plan or booking system” for Thulamela. This is designed inrder to allow a free flow of tourists to the site. - Of most importance is the “Proposed heritage agreement” to be reached between the South African National Parks (SANP) and Thulamela Board of Trustees. Other members may be added in the process, depending on the agreement between the two most important key stakeholders. The KNP is encouraged to evaluate the thesis and decide which issues are to be dealt with as a priority. The author strongly believes that the implementation of some of the proposals as outlined in this thesis will add value to the preservation and conservation of Thulamela Heritage Site. The thesis will also be helpful to the assessment and management of other heritage sites within the KNP and SANP in general. The document gives the Social Ecology (SE) department the option to utilize the document as it is or to expand it if necessary. / Dissertation (MA (Heritage and Museum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

Throughout history, the direct or indirect choice of preservation has resulted in the successful incorporation of tangible products of the human past into modern cultural environments. Within the current American historic preservation system, "significance" is used as a delimiter for identifying historic properties that are determined beneficial to the heritage of the American people. As defined under U.S. law, however, "significance" is attributed only to places and objects whose importance is limited within an historical or scientific framework. This thesis proposes that the significance of historic properties transcends the boundaries of these limited frameworks of importance, and demonstrates that the public benefits of preservation are maximized when history is reified through the modern-use of these places and objects as cultural resources for the current and future generations of the American people.

Public spaces are noted by historians, philosophers, planners, etc as being the lifeblood of civic centers, spaces that bring people in community together for a myriad of reasons. Recalling the ancient Agricola’s of ancient Greece to the modern version of malls and pedestrian plazas, these spaces are where social interactions occur, ideas are spread, and are open for all people to enjoy. Beautifying these spaces with public art and well-thought out design encourage the use of these spaces and work to empower those who use them. While the mode in which public art populates public spaces has changed, the notion that they exist to benefit a public good, act as a civilizer, create character and a distinct environment endures. The idea of public art is unique and is noted for doing something that neither a public space without art nor a museum with art can do: it can capture the eye and mind of individuals passing through public spaces. Making people pay attention to the civic environment around them, creating a sense of “civic vitality” in cities, towns and communities. Public art prompts vital questions about our environment and ourselves, encouraging a broad range of learning opportunities. Public installations of art celebrate culture and the environment, providing connections to history and the natural world. It makes space interesting and different from another. Public artwork is celebrated and condemned for its ability to challenge, delight, educate, and illuminate. Establishing written policies and programs for the arts solidify their place in communities, enacting a set of codes and a process for which artistic endeavors are woven into the complex urban landscape. The role public art plays in communities is unique in the marrying of two very different sectors of civic life: art and aesthetics with the political planning process. This study examines how political decisions impact the installation process for public artwork in cities. How do written policies and programs support opportunities for installations, ways to empower the community and brighten the streetscape, and where are there gaps in knowledge and information that make the process more convoluted and difficult to navigate? Through studying the public art installation process in the City of San Luis Obispo from the perspective of the administrators working with the public art programs and policies and comparing the process with the ways in which the community is empowered by public art a number of recommendations are made to increase transparency and encourage artistic opportunities in the town with an already robust Public Art Program.

Companies that have moved their operations from the United States to other countries have forced top management to rely on their managers for leading overseas assignments. However, the success rate of expatriate managers is low and is a concern for top management in corporations. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the shared lived experiences of 20 expatriate managers to identify methods which may improve the success rates of expatriate managers asked to participate in overseas assignments. Social learning, cultural shock, and experiential learning were used to support the conceptual framework linking how cross-cultural training, adaptation, problems, and knowledge acquisition may explain expatriate manager success. Data were collected through an interview process, and were coded to identify themes. Emergent themes included cross-cultural training, effective tools for managing cross-cultural teams, and challenges of managing cross-cultural teams. The results of the study indicated that, for these 20 expatriate managers, cross-cultural training was essential in improving their skills and effectiveness. Findings showed that cross-cultural training provided tools to improve communication, overall leadership, adaptation, understanding of the new culture, and increased collaboration when managing cross-cultural teams. U.S. organizations may benefit from these results by implementing best practice cross-cultural training programs for future expatriate managers. The findings contribute to positive social change by providing guidance that could improve the success rates of future expatriate managers during oversea assignments.

African American high school students are underrepresented in study abroad programs, and their lack of intercultural skills and international understanding can impede their personal and professional development, and limit their career opportunities. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative case study was to explore the influence of intercultural experiences through study abroad and immersion programs on African American high school students' intercultural competence. The conceptual framework drew on 2 theories: Bennett's development model of intercultural sensitivity and Kolb's experiential learning. Data from interviews and focus groups with 13 African American high school students, 2 parents, and 2 teachers as well as documents and field notes from a Northeast United States urban high school addressed the research questions pertaining to how students perceived travel abroad that fostered intercultural competence skills as well as how teachers and parents perceived students' personal development. Findings resulted from provisional codes used to identify pattern of codes, and central themes that indicated predeparture seminars and reflective practices enhanced intercultural skills. The portfolios suggested that most students became more reflective and accepting of cultural differences after their sojourn abroad. Recommendations based on the findings suggest increasing homestay experiences and planning and predeparture trainings. Future research is needed on how to attract more male African American students to such programs. The findings may contribute to positive social change by encouraging investment in homestay study abroad and immersion programs with adequate preparation and planning at inner city high schools that might foster intercultural competence skills.

This research is a comparative analysis of oral health from three historic African-American cemeteries in Georgia. The Area 1 (9CH1168), Area 2 (9CH875) and the Avondale (9BI164) cemeteries were excavated and relocated from 2008-2010. The aggregate population consists of 486 individuals, spanning pre-and-post-Reconstruction eras. Statistical and bioarchaeological techniques are used to address the hypothesis that differential nutrition and subsequent health outcomes significantly vary (as estimated from dental analyses), based on the cemetery’s composition, location, and individuals social status. Oral pathological conditions were characterized in an effort to identify variation between populations, while moving beyond a monolithic narrative of the African-American experience in the post-Bellum South. A statistical range of variation within and between the cemeteries was observed, revealing differences in the frequency of pathologies between cemeteries based on age and sex. Maladies most greatly afflicted Avondale’s population, Area 1 experienced the least and Area 2’s females had the most oral pathologies.

Riksintressen är ett planeringsverktyg som har funnits sedan 1960-talet. Verktyget är tänkt att ge vägledning i frågor som rör mark- och vattenanvändning. Det är två lagsystem som reglerar riksintressen, plan- och bygglagen (2010:900) och miljöbalken (1998:808). Lagsystemen ska skydda de värdefulla miljöerna från påtaglig skada. Ansvarsfördelningen för verktyget riksintressen regleras i förordningen om hushållning med mark- och vattenområden m.m. (1998:896). Riksintressen ska vara miljöer som besitter unika värden och som ska förvaltas gemensamt av brukare, kommun och stat så att miljöerna bevaras för kommande generationer. Det är tänkt att riksintressena ska representera hela den svenska historien och nästan hela urvalet skedde år 1987.  I Sverige finns det cirka 1700 områden som är av riksintresse för kulturmiljövården. Examensarbetet har genom en fallstudie studerat planeringsverktyget riksintressen. Tre fäbodar av riksintresse för kulturmiljövården i Mora kommun, Bönsabergs fäbodar, Matsäls fäbodar och Södra Flenarnas fäbodar, valdes ut att ingå i fallstudien. Ett fäbodställe var ett område med bebyggelse i skogen där boskapsskötsel var förlag under sommarhalvåret. Urvalet baserade sig på en aktuell debatt i Mora Tidning där fäbodlaget i Bönsabergs fäbodar kritiserar planeringsverktyget riksintressen och vill att fäbodens riksintresseklassning tas bort. Syftet med uppsatsens frågeställningar är att ge en ökad insikt i hur planeringsverktyget riksintressen tillämpas genom att studera förvaltningen av de tre utvalda fäbodarna. Fyra frågeställningar har använts för att undersöka om förvaltningen av fäbodarna ändrats i och med riksintresseklassningen, om den kritik som Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting framfört är befogad samt kartlägga beslutsgången och kommunikationen mellan brukarna, kommunen, länsstyrelsen och Riksantikvarieämbetet. Det har inte varit självklart om det är i regelverket eller tillämpningen som bristerna finns. Slutsatsen är att bristerna i planeringsverktyget riksintressen till stor del beror på tillämpningen. Litteraturen, SKL och intervjuobjekten riktar sin kritik mot bristerna i kommunikationen och samarbetet mellan de olika instanserna samt de bristande underlagen. / The first areas of national heritage were identified in connection with the spatial national planning that was initiated in Sweden in the 1960s. The reason for appointing areas of national heritage was to provide the municipalities guidance in how unique environments should be managed in a sustainable manner and protected from significant damage so that future generations can enjoy them. The paper uses a case study on chalets of national heritage for the cultural resource management in Mora municipality in Sweden. The case study shows that a lack of economical- and human capital makes it hard to keep the documentation current and the dialogue between the involved parties becomes absent. The municipalities need support and guidance from the government in managing areas of national heritage. The conclusion is that most of the problems with areas of national heritage can be linked to the enforcement of the regulations rather than the legislation itself.

This document presents the Cultural Resources Overview for the Harney Area in southeastern Oregon. The Harney Area combines three of the four planning units in the Burns Bureau of Land Management District. Most of the land in the Harney Area is located in Harney County, although a few parcels are just outside the county line in Lake and Malheur Counties. Almost all of Harney County is included. There are approximately 3,320,000 acres of Bureau administered public land within the Harney Area, as well as other public and private lands.

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