Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T14:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_manoel_urbano_ferreira_junior.pdf: 1258852 bytes, checksum: 5c71b7b318b75585b07278fdbe9a7971 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T20:37:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_manoel_urbano_ferreira_junior.pdf: 1258852 bytes, checksum: 5c71b7b318b75585b07278fdbe9a7971 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T20:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_manoel_urbano_ferreira_junior.pdf: 1258852 bytes, checksum: 5c71b7b318b75585b07278fdbe9a7971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-08 / Sem bolsa / A utilização da técnica de micropropagação de plantas tornou-se uma ferramenta comum entre os produtores de plantas certificadas. Porém ainda se utiliza o sistema de micropropagação convencional de forma ampla sem se dar a devida importância ao sistema de imersão temporária (SIT). O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma alternativa de diminuição dos custos de produção e simplificação dos trabalhos de plantas in vitro, através da montagem e utilização de biorreatores de imersão temporária e utilização de um novo modelo de válvula duplo solenoide de cinco vias de centro aberto negativo. No presente trabalho, apresenta-se um modelo de SIT, construído de forma artesanal, que quando comparado a equipamentos similares manufaturados apresenta resultados de produtividade equivalente provando ser um equipamento de grande utilidade na automação para produção de plantas in vitro. Ao mesmo tempo, desenvolveu-se um microbiorreator, utilizando recipientes de vidro com pequena capacidade, com a finalidade de se trabalhar materiais vegetais com pouca disponibilidade de explantes, o qual poderá ser utilizado em pesquisa científica, com sucesso, conforme corroborado em trabalhos preliminares com as culturas de amora-preta, framboesa e macieira. A principal espécie vegetal utilizada nos experimentos com os biorreatores, batata-doce, apresenta um grande apelo popular devido a sua contribuição alimentar como fornecedora de carboidratos, aminoácidos e vitaminas e não tinha ainda sido testada neste sistema de micropropagação. Os resultados obtidos com os biorreatores foram similares às taxas de multiplicação em sistema convencional, demonstrando que os protocolos para utilização do SIT precisam ser otimizados, principalmente quanto ao tempo e número de imersões, composição dos meios de cultura e densidade de fluxo de fótons. No sistema convencional, não foi observado influência diferencial entre as lâmpadas fluorescentes branca-fria e LED e 7,5g L-1 de sacarose apresentou resultado similar a 15 e 30g L-1 nas variáveis estudadas, indicando que esta espécie é pouco exigente quanto a adição externa de açúcares no meio de cultura, sendo talvez um material vegetal indicado para estudos de micropropagação fotoautotrófica. Finalmente, o equipamento agora disponível no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas da UFPel poderá ser utilizado no desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas cientificas relacionadas à fisiologia, anatomia e produção de metabólitos secundários. / The use of plant micropropagation technique has become a common tool between producers of certified plants. But the conventional micropropagation system is still broadly used without giving due importance to the temporary immersion system (TIS). The objective of this study is to present a cheaper alternative production costs and simplification of in vitro plants of work, through the assembly and use of temporary immersion bioreactors and use of a new double solenoid valve model five open center routes negative. In this study, we present a model of TIS, built by hand, that when compared to similar manufactured equipment showed results with equivalent productivity, proving to be a very useful equipment in automation for production of in vitro plants. At the same time, we developed a microbiorreactor using glass containers of small capacity, in order to work with low availability of vegetal material explants , which can be used for scientific research successfully, as confirmed in preliminary studies with cultures of blackberry, raspberry and apple. The main plant specie used in this experiments with the bioreactor, sweet potato, has great popular appeal due to its contribution as a supplier of food carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins and had not yet been tested in this micropropagation system. The results obtained with multiplication in bioreactors were similar to rates in conventional system, showing that the use of TIS protocols must be optimized, especially with regard to the time and number of immersion, composition of culture media and photon flux density. With the conventional system, there wasn't observed influence differential between white-cold fluorescent lamps and LED and 7.5 g L-1 sucrose showed a similar result to 15 and 30 g L-1 in the variables studied, indicating that this species is not very exigent about external addition of sugars in the culture medium, and perhaps it could be a plant material suitable for studies of photoautotrophic micropropagation. Finally, the equipment now available in Plant Culture Laboratory may be used in the development of new scientific research related to physiology, anatomy and production of secondary metabolites.

Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Background: It is well established that Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogenic organism that has been frequently identified as the cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections. Furthermore, studies have shown that over the last few decades strains of the genus Klebsiella have systematically developed resistance to numerous antibiotics. Aims and Methods: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of K. pneumoniae in nosocomial and community isolates in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Various identification techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the API 20 E, the VITEK®2 system, primers specific for the 16S-23S rDNA ITS region and the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were compared for the identification of this pathogen. The VITEK 2 system was used to detect antibiotic resistant profiles of the K. pneumoniae isolates and to identify the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypic among these isolates. The PCR was used to detect Beta-lactam genes viz. CTX-M (blaCTX-M), TEM (blaTEM) and SHV (blaSHV) respectively in both the genome and plasmid DNA of K. pneumoniae using gene specific primers. Results: In total 57 agar plate bacterial cultures or glycerol stock bacterial cultures were obtained during 2011. Of the 57 isolates, the API 20 E test identified 47 (82.5%) of the isolates (n = 57) as K. pneumoniae while 10 isolates (17.5%) were identified as Raoultella species. The VITEK 2 method and PCR identified all 57 isolates as K. pneumoniae (100%). Of the isolates, 82.5% (47/57) were positively identified as Klebsiella species, 14% (8/57) were identified as Klebsiella variicola and 3.5% (2/57) were shown as no reliable identification (NRI) when using the MALDI-TOF MS. Examination of the 57 isolates using primers specific for the CTX-M (blaCTX-M), TEM (blaTEM) and SHV (blaSHV) respectively showed the following: PCR amplicons for the TEM gene were produced successfully for 46 (81%) of the 57 isolates included in this project, while 11 (19%) of the samples did not yield any TEM amplicons; PCR amplicons for the blaSHV gene were obtained successfully for 56 (98%) of the 57 DNA samples, while 1 sample (2%) did not yield any SHV amplicons; and PCR amplicons for the blaCTX-M gene were produced successfully by 89% (n = 51) of the DNA samples included in this project, while 11% (n = 6) did not yield any CTX-M amplicon. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes had been confirmed in 84% (n = 48) K. pneumoniae isolates while nine isolates were found to be non-ESBL. Resistance rates for these 48 isolates were high and showed resistance patterns of: Amoxicillin/Ampicillin, Amoxycillin/Clavulanate, Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime/Cefprozil and Ceftazidime (100%, n = 48); Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Cefoxitin (98%, 47/48); Cefepime (96%, 46/48); Aztreonam (94%; 45/48); Tobramycin (81%, 39/48); Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin (77%, 37/48); Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (67%, 32/48); and Tigecycline (25% 12/48). Conclusion: For the analysis by all four methods employed, a total agreement of 68.4% was obtained, indicating the positive identification of K. pneumoniae in 39 of the 57 samples analysed. An average agreement of 28.1% was then obtained for the comparison of results generated for three of the methods utilised, while a 3.5% average agreement was obtained for at least two methods. Furthermore, all four methods agreed that 82.5% of the isolates were Klebsiella species while three methods agreed that 17.5% of the isolates were Klebsiella species. Based on the results obtained in the current study, PCR and VITEK 2 were the methods of choice for the identification of K. pneumoniae. The current study also showed, that ESBL-K. pneumoniae strains are present in the Western Cape province, South Africa; with high resistance profiles to numerous antibiotics including the Cephalosporins.

Identification of fungi is based on macroscopic observations of morphology and microscopic characteristics. These conventional methods are time-consuming and requires expert knowledge. For the past years Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry has been used for routine bacterial identification in clinical laboratories but not yet in the same extension for fungi. In this study three preanalytic preparation methods for fungi were evaluated in order to shorten the processing time in routine laboratory performance. Clinically relevant strains (n=18) of molds and dermatophytes were cultivated on agar plates and prepared according to the different preparation methods for protein extraction. Each strain was analyzed in quadruplicate by the MALDI Biotyper and the database Filamentous Fungi Library 1.0. The results showed that the genus and species identification rates of the least time-consuming direct extraction method were 33% and 11% respectively. Using the formic acid extraction method, the genus and species identification rates were 83% and 44%, respectively. For the longest sample preparation method, liquid media culturing before formic acid extraction, successfully identified all strains except one, which resulted in an identification rate of 94% and 78% respectively. This study shows that preparing samples in cultured liquid media MADLI-TOF MS effectively identified fungal strains to both genus- and species-level. This method was however too time-consuming and cumbersome to be recommended as a replacement to the conventional method. Future studies should be aimed at expanding the reference library and making the direct extraction method more reproducible in terms of obtaining more reliable identification rates.

Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of Biology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Sept. 16, 2008). Includes bibliographical references.

Investigações foram realizadas com fermentação submersa de Rhizopus arrhizus para produção de biomassa e dos co-polímeros quitina e quitosana, através do cultivo em meio sintético para Mucorales e milhocina, como substrato alternativo. Neste sentido, foram realizadas fermentações em frascos de Erlenmyers de 250 mL de capacidade, contendo 50 mL dos meios, foram inoculados em duplicatas com 1% de uma suspensão de 107/esporos por mL, incubados sob agitação orbital de 150rpm. A cada 24 h foram realizados conteúdo em biomassa, consumo de glicose, além da estimação e caracterização de quitina e quitosana e o pH foi monitorado no decorrer dos estudos (96h). Os dados obtidos foram validados utilizando uma análise por regressão não linear, visando explorar o potencial e versatilidade dos mucorales na produção dos co-polímeros. Os resultados obtidos com o meio sintético para Mucorales demonstraram um aumento máximo de biomassa com 72 h de cultivo submerso. A glicose foi totalmente consumida pelo metabolismo do fungo com 96h, com pH 3,2 e conseqüente estágio de declínio celular. A produção máxima de quitina e de quitosana por R. arrhizus foi de 73,5 mg e 158 mg, respectivamente, por grama de biomassa em 48 h de cultivo, com velocidade máxima de crescimento de Max 0,036(h-1)e tempo de geração de 4,6 h. Por outro lado, o cultivo submerso de R. arrhizus em milhocina, nas concentrações de 4,8 e 16%, como meio alternativo e de baixo custo, demonstrou crescimento máximo de 16,8 g/L, na concentração de 8% de milhocina, observando-se Max 0,064(h-1. Altos rendimentos de quitina (575mg/g de biomassa) e quitosana (416 mg/g de biomassa) foram obtidos com milhocina a 8%, com 72 h de cultivo, respectivamente, e pH variando de 6,5 para 8,2. Todos os copolímeros isolados foram caracterizados pelo índice de cristalinidade e espectro de absorção ao raio infravermelho, confirmando um alto grau de pureza quando comparados aos padrões de quitina e quitosana. Os dados obtidos experimentalmente de produção de quitina e quitosana foram validados pela estimativa de regressão não linear, demonstrando um bom ajuste das equações e reprodutibilidade. Os resultados com a fermentação submersa de R. arrhizus comparando milhocina a 8% com o meio sintético para Mucorales observou-se um aumento considerável de 782% e 263%, respectivamente, para a produção de quitina e quitosana. Assim, os resultados obtidos sugerem R. arrhizus como fonte de produção dos co-polímeros, como também a milhocina, considerando o potencial nutritivo e o baixo custo / Inquiries had been carried out with submerged fermentation of Rhizopus arrhizus for production of biomass and copolymers chitin and chitosan, using the culture in synthetic medium for Mucoralean and corn steep liquor, as alternative substratum. In this direction, fermentations in Erlenmyers flasks of 250mL had been carried out, contend 50 mL of the media had been inoculated in duplicates with 1% of a suspension of 107/spores/mL, incubated under orbital shaker of 150rpm. To each 24 h had been carried out the content in biomass, glucose consumption, production and characterization of chitin and chitosan, and pH was monitored in elapsing of the studies (96h). The dates had been validated using an analysis for not linear regression, aiming at to explore the potential and versatility of Mucoralean in the production of copolymers. The results obtained with the synthetic medium for Mucoralean had demonstrated a maximum increase of biomass at 72 h of submerged culture. The total of glucose total was consumed by the metabolism of fungus at 96h, with pH 3,2 and consequence period of behavior of cellular decline. The maximum production of chitin and chitosan was 73.5mg and 158 mg, respectively, for gram of biomass with 48 h of cultivation, and maximum speed of growth of Max 0.036 (h-1) and generation time of 4.6h. On the other hand, the submerged culture of R. arrhizus in corn steep liquor, concentrations of 4, 8 and 16%, as alternative medium and of low cost showed maximum growth of 16.8 g/L, in the concentration of 8% of corn steep liquor, observing a Max 0.064h-1. High yields of chitin (575 mg/g biomass) and chitosan (416mg/g biomass) could be achieved using the medium containing corn steep liquor at 8%, with 72 h of cultivation, respectively, and pH varying of 6.5 to 8.2. All the isolated copolym rs in both culture media were characterized by index of crystallinity and absorption to the infra-red ray peaks, and were confirmed using the chitin and chitosan standards. The experimental data obtained with chitin and chitosan were validated by the estimation of not linear regression, demonstrating to a good adjustment of the equations and reproducibility. The results with the submerged fermentation of R. arrhizus were compared corn steep liquor at 8% with synthetic medium for Mucoralean fungi, and was observed an increase of 782% and 263% respectively, for chitin and chitosan production. The results obtained suggest R. arrhizus as source of production of the copolymers and as well as the corn steep liquor, considering the nutritional potential and the low cost

Considerando que os meios de cultura e as condições de incubação são os principais fatores para o sucesso do primo isolamento, além do método de descontaminação, quatro meios de cultura e três condições de incubação foram investigados. Noventa e sete amostras de lesões granulomatosas foram submetidas ao método de descontaminação com cloreto de 1-hexadecilpiridinio (HPC) a 1,5%, e semeadas em dois meios a base de ovo, Stonebrink e Löwenstein-Jensen com piruvato de sódio, e em dois meios a base de ágar, B83 e Middlebrook 7H11. Cada meio foi incubado a 37ºC por 90 dias em três condições de incubação, atmosfera com 10% de CO2, atmosfera normal e atmosfera com suposta tensão de CO2 obtida pela queima do algodão hidrófobo e fechamento do tubo com rolha de cortiça. O tipo de condição de incubação utilizado teve influência nos meios a base de ovo apenas no inicio da incubação (30 dias), mas nenhuma nos meios a base de ágar. A incubação em atmosfera com 10% de CO2 diminuiu o tempo de aparecimento da primeira colônia e aumentou o número de UFC. O meio B83 foi mais rápido no aparecimento das colônias e teve o maior sucesso de isolamento aos 30 dias, mas não houve diferença com os meios Stonebrink e Löwenstein-Jensen com piruvato, no sucesso de isolamento e número de UFC aos 60 e 90 dias. De acordo com os dados, em sete oportunidades houve isolamento de M. bovis apenas no meio de Stonebrink e em quatro apenas no B83, assim, sugere-se a utilização desses dois meios de cultura em paralelo, incubados em atmosfera com acréscimo de CO2 / Considering that the culture media and the incubation conditions are the main factors for the success of primary isolation, besides the decontamination procedure, four culture media and three incubation conditions were investigated. Ninety-seven samples of granulommatous lesions were submitted to the decontamination procedure by 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride at 1,5% w/v, and inoculated on two egg-based media, Stonebrink and Löwenstein-Jensen with sodium pyruvate, and two agar-based media, B83 and Middlebrook 7H11. Each medium was incubated at 37ºC for 90 days in three incubation conditions, in air containing 10% CO2, in air, and in air with a supposed higher CO2 tension created by burning the hydrophobic cotton used to close the tubes and subsequently closing with a cork. The type of incubation condition used had influence on the egg-based media only at the beginning of incubation (30 days), but none on the agar-based media. The incubation in air containing 10% CO2 decreased the time to first appearance of colonies and increased the number of colonies. B83 medium showed a faster growth and detected more isolates at 30 days of incubation. However, there was no difference between B83, Stonebrink and Löwenstein-Jensen with pyruvate at 60 and 90 days of incubation. According to the data, seven M. bovis isolates grew only on Stonebrink and four only on B83, therefore, the use of both media, in parallel, incubated in air containing CO2 is suggested.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francy Mary Sousa.pdf: 1356959 bytes, checksum: a7db48bf3163f386db3bca96f187f815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Corynespora cassiicola has been related causing damages in several crops of economic importance in Amazonas State, principally Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families affecting production by significative form. This study aimed to characterize C. cassiicola isolates through colony morphology, sporulation, mycelial growth and spore dimension on culture media PDA, PSA, OEA and CA. Five mm-diameter disks taken from colonies grown on PDA medium for 15 days were transferred to Petri dishes containing each medium under room temperature and continuous light. The study was installed using randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 5 x 3 (culture media x isolates x hosts) with five replications. The effects of culture media varied to isolates of same host and among different hosts. Mycelial growth was observed in CA. The most spore production was observed in PDA and PSA media. A high variation of aspect and colonies coloration was observed among same host isolates and isolates of different hosts in all culture media. Variation trough spore dimension of C. cassiicola isolates was observed in all culture media tested. / O fungo Corynespora cassiicola já foi relatado causando danos em diversas culturas de interesse comercial no Estado do Amazonas, principalmente das famílias Solanaceae e Cucurbitaceae, afetando de forma significativa a produção. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar isolados de C. cassiicola quanto a morfologia das colônias, esporulação, crescimento micelial e dimensão dos conídios nos meios de cultura BDA, BSA, AvA e CA. Discos de 5mm de diâmetro retirados de colônias crescidas em meio BDA por 15 dias, foram transferidos para o centro de placas de Petri contendo os meios de cultura e mantidas à temperatura ambiente sob luz contínua. O estudo seguiu esquema fatorial 4 x 5 x 3 (meios de cultura x isolados x hospedeiros) com cinco repetições. Os efeitos dos meios de cultura variaram para isolados do mesmo hospedeiro e entre hospedeiros diferentes. Maior crescimento micelial foi observado no meio CA. A maior produção de esporos foi observada nos meios BDA e BSA. Foi verificado uma ampla variação de aspecto e coloração das colônias entre os isolados do mesmo hospedeiro e entre isolados de hospedeiros diferentes em todos os meios de cultura. Também houve variação quanto às dimensões dos conídios dos isolados de C. cassiicola em todos os meios de cultura testados.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T15:54:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Emmanuel Bezerra D’Alessandro - 2017.pdf: 5468492 bytes, checksum: 142fd12ec077386e23484e261e25c7ea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T15:55:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Emmanuel Bezerra D’Alessandro - 2017.pdf: 5468492 bytes, checksum: 142fd12ec077386e23484e261e25c7ea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T15:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Emmanuel Bezerra D’Alessandro - 2017.pdf: 5468492 bytes, checksum: 142fd12ec077386e23484e261e25c7ea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Global energy needs are steadily increasing, driven by the rise in both industrialization and population. The major sources of energy are non-renewable and highly polluting. Therefore, the demand for renewable fuels is increasing. One source of renewable fuels is biomass, such as that of microalgae. Microalgae biomasses are a source of lipids and antioxidant pigments and have great potential for biodiesel production and lutein, which have high commercial value. Therefore, in this study I tested the feasibility of producing biodiesel and lutein from microalgae of extremophile environmental of Central Brazil. The freshwater microalgae T. minimum, P.morum, D. communis, N. digitus, E. planctonicus and A. obliquus were collected, isolated, and cultivated in the laboratory, comparing their lipid productivity with that of soybean and lutein productivity with that of Marigold, which is the main raw material for this pigment . The percentage of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) of microalgae varied from 9.6 to 21.3%, being A. obliquus the species with the highest content of fatty acids, E. planctonicus with the highest content of lutein and D. communis the one with the highest productivity of biomass, biodiesel and lutein. The D. communis fatty acid profile was also suitable for biodiesel production, since it produced up to 21 times more biodiesel than soybean, but consuming up to 4.8% of the area and 42 times less water. Microalgae cultivation for biodiesel production can be done with less complex and low-cost culture media, including waste water from biodiesel plants. Thus, although the BBM medium had higher biodiesel productivity, the less nutritive media (DAF + OGR and DAF) also yielded adequate biodiesel amounts, being 72% cheaper than BBM. Thus, the biodiesel yield of A. obliquus grown in DAF + OGR was 46 times higher than that of soybeans, using 7.2% of water and 2.2% of the area. These results demonstrate the potential of microalgae in the biodiesel production chain / A demanda por energia aumenta continuamente em nível mundial, impulsionadas tanto pelo aumento da industrialização como também pelo aumento populacional, sendo grande parte dessas necessidades ainda supridas fontes não renovável e altamente poluente e, portanto, limitados às reservas existentes. Assim, a procura por combustíveis derivados de fontes renováveis vêm aumentando a cada dia, sendo intensa a busca por biomassa tais como as microalgas, as quais, por serem fontes de lipídios e pigmentos antioxidantes, vêm sendo estudadas com respeito a seu potencial para produção de biodiesel e luteína, que possui alto valor comercial. Dessa forma, este estudo buscou avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de microalgas de ambientes extremófilos do Brasil Central na produção de biodiesel e luteína. As microalgas dulcícolas T. minimum, P.morum, D. communis, N. digitus, E. planctonicus e A. obliquus foram coletadas em ambientes extremófilos, isoladas e cultivadas em laboratório, tendo sua produtividade lipídica comparada com a da semente de soja e a produtividade de luteína comparada com as flores de Marigold, que é a principal matéria-prima para tal pigmento. As microalgas extremófilas apresentaram potencial para biodiesel, gerando porcentagem de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos variando de 9,6 a 21,3%, sendo A. obliquus com maior teor de ácidos graxos, E. planctonicus com maior teor de luteína e D. communis com maior destaque na produtividade de biomassa, biodiesel e luteína. D. communis também apresentou perfil de ácidos graxos adequados para biodiesel, além de produzir até 21 vezes mais biodiesel que a semente de soja. Através das estimativas comparativas concluiu-se que D. communis consumiria até 4,8% da área e 42 vezes menos água do que a usada pelo cultivo de soja para produzir a mesma quantidade de biodiesel. Verificou-se que o cultivo de microalgas para a produção de biodiesel pode ser feito com o uso de meios de menor complexidade e custo, usando inclusive águas residuais que podem ser encontradas em usinas de biodiesel. Assim, apesar do meio de cultivo convencional BBM apresentar maior produtividade em biodiesel, os meios com menos nutrientes (DAF+OGR e DAF), também proporcionaram adequados rendimentos em biodiesel, sendo 72% mais econômicos que o meio BBM. Assim, verificou-se que para A. obliquus cultivada no meio de menor custo, DAF+OGR, a produtividade em biodiesel foi 46 vezes superior ao da soja, com uso de 7,2% de água e 2,2% da área usada no cultivo de soja para produção de mesma quantidade de biodiesel, mostrando o potencial das microalgas para a cadeia de produção e uso de biodiesel.

A cana-de-açúcar (S. officinarum) é uma gramínea perene de grande importância na economia brasileira. Devido a isto, estudos relativos ao aprimoramento das condições de cultivo são de grande interesse, podendo ser uma destas bases um melhor conhecimento sobre as comunidades microbianas associadas à cana-de-açúcar. Sabe-se que a rizosfera é um ambiente de íntima interação entre as plantas e seus respectivos microbiomas, sendo esta relação intermediada pela exsudação radicular. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar o cultivo de bactérias da rizosfera e do solo de cana-de-açúcar, sendo os isolados obtidos posteriormente caracterizados genética (BOX-PCR e sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA) e metabolicamente (BIOLOG®). Os resultados demonstraram que o número de bactérias cultiváveis na rizosfera é maior comparado ao solo, sendo que dentre os isolados destaca-se a maior afiliação taxonômica ao filo Proteobacteria (principalmente as classes γ-proteobacteria e β- proteobacteria). A análise de BOX-PCR mostrou uma grande diversidade genética, mesmo quando comparados isolados obtidos a partir do mesmo meio de cultivo, ou pertencentes ao mesmo grupo taxonômico. Em contrapartida, a análise de sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA mostrou que muitos isolados preservam grande similaridade do gene ribossomal analisado. A análise de perfil metabólico corroborou com os dados de BOX-PCR, onde isolados com afiliação taxonômica bastante correlata apresentaram capacidades distintas de utilizar as diversas fontes de carbono avaliadas. Por fim, esta diversidade metabólica se traduziu na obtenção de respostas distintas de isolados pertencentes aos mesmos gêneros bacterianos, isolados do solo ou da rizosfera, quando estes foram cultivados na presença de exsudatos radiculares. De maneira geral, este estudo demonstrou que as plantas de cana-de-açúcar podem influenciar o comportamento das comunidades bacterianas presentes no solo, e indicaram que existe uma grande diversificação dos organismos presentes na rizosfera, sendo a resposta a este ambiente diferenciada de forma independente da afiliação taxonômica dos isolados. / The sugarcane plant (S. officinarum) is a perennial gamineous with a great importance for the Brazilian economy. Due to this, studies related to the improvement of cultivation conditions are of great importance, indicating that one of these bases must contribute with the better knowledge about the microbial communities associated with sugarcane. It is known that the rhizosphere is an environment that hosts an intimate interaction between plants and their respective microbiomes, being it mediated by the roots exudates. This study aimed to cultivate bacterial isolates from soil and rhizosphere of sugarcane, followed by the genetic (BOX-PCR and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and metabolic (BIOLOG®) characterization of them. Results demonstrated higher numbers of cultivable bacteria in rhizosphere when compared to soil samples, with the prevalent affiliation of the isolates to the phylum Proteobacteria (specially with the classes γ-proteobacteria and β- proteobacteria). The BOX-PCR results showed a great genetic diversity, even when isolates obtained in the same culture medium or affiliated to the same taxa are compared. In counterpart, the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that several isolates preserve high similarities in the ribosomal gene. The metabolic profiling results corroborated with the BOX-PCR data, which isolates highly correlated in the taxonomical analyses presented distinct capacities to use the carbon sources that were tested. At the end, this metabolic diversity was evidenced by the distinct behavior of isolates belonging to the same genera, isolated from soils or rhizosphere samples as well, when cultivated in the presence of roots exudates. In general, this study demonstrated that sugarcane plants can influence the behavior of bacterial communities present in soils, and indicated a great diversification of organisms present in the rhizosphere being the response to this environment very particular, regardless of the taxonomical affiliation of the isolates.