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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

An investigation of stoichiometetry and thermo-mechanical processing parameters of (Pb,Bi)←2Sr←2Ca←2Cu←3O←x superconducting tapes

Feltham, Stuart Paul January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
72

Magnetic separation using high-T←c superconductors

Bolt, Livia January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
73

The magnetic properties of superconductors

Lloyd, Sion January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
74

A study of structure-property relationships in layered copper oxides

Hyatt, Neil January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
75

Characterisation of practical high temperature superconductors in pulsed magnetic fields and development of associated technology

Saleh, Paul Matthew January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
76

Material characterisation, phase transitions, electrochemical properties and possible fuel cell applications of Nd₂₋ₓPrₓCuO₄ and Nd2-x-y LayPrₓCuO₄ systems

Patabendige, Chami N. K. January 2012 (has links)
The well-known lanthanide cuprates exist in two principal forms, T and T´, which behave as p-type and n-type conductors, respectively. In order to understand the structural properties and crystal chemistry from the T to T´ phase, the Nd₁.₈₋ₓLaₓPr₀.₂CuO₄ (NLPCO) system was studied varying the La substitution ratio (0≤x≤1.8) and then characterised using high temperature X-ray powder diffraction. From analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns obtained at room temperature, there are clearly five distinguishable regions for the NLPCO system. They are, (1) monophasic T´ solid–solution (2) two phase mixture T´ + T´´ (3) monophasic T´´solid–solution (4) two phase mixture T´´ + O and finally (5) monophasic O phase solid–solution. The T´´ form has previously been suggested as an ordered form of T´; however here we show via high temperature X-ray diffraction studies that it is a non-transformable metastable phase formed on quenching of the T phase via an orthorhombically distorted variant. Also neutron diffraction and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) studies confirmed that the T ´´phase is 4- fold Cu coordinated. The structural, magnetic and electrical properties of this NLPCO series have been investigated for the selected compositions using X-ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, thermal analysis and conductivity measurements. The aim of the second half of this work was to discover the basic high temperature electrical characteristics of Nd₂₋ₓPrₓCuO₄ and investigate how this matches with those required for components on the SOFC cathode side to identify which dopant level shows highest conductivity and whether it is stable at different temperatures. The idea was to make a new concept in SOFC cathodes and current collector development, using n-type conductors instead of p- type conductors and to try to produce a high conductivity material which is stable under the chemical and thermal stresses that exist while under load that can be used in cathode or current collector applications. The Nd₂₋ₓPrₓCuO₄ (NPCO) series has been studied over a range of dopant levels (x=0.15 - 0.25) and maximum conductivity of 86.7 Scm⁻¹ has been obtained for the composition where x = 0.25. Also NPCO shows n-type semiconductor behaviour which gives operational advantages when operating at mild oxygen deficiency. AC impedance studies have been carried out on symmetrical cells to investigate the performance of NPCO as a cathode material. These studies mainly focused on polarization resistance and the activation energies of the cells. Low Rp values and low activation energies are obtained for a composite cathode compared to pure cathode material. Two configurations of NPCO as cathode materials were tested, pre-fired and in-siu fired. Pre-fired NPCO exhibited better performance than in-situ fired NPCO. Both in-situ and pre-fired current collecting NPCO still showed lowest activation energies which suggest good catalytic activity. From all of these studies, it is evident that the praseodymium doped neodymium cuprate material shows considerable promise as a potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell applications.
77

The fabrication of a high temperature superconducting magnet and critical current characterisation of the component Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃Oₓ tapes and filaments in high magnetic fields

Sneary, Adrian Bernard January 2000 (has links)
The transport critical current density (J(_c)) of a 37 filament Bi-2223/Ag tape has been measured as a function of field and temperature from 4.2 K up to 90 K. Data have been obtained over a large current range from 10 mA up to 100 A and in fields up to 23 T with the tape in 3 orientations with respect to field. These comprehensive data have been used to test the predictions of the flux creep and weak link models used to explain J(_c) in Bi-2223 tapes. The J(_c)(B,T) dependence of optimised Bi-2223 tapes has been calculated using a curved film model. The model assumes perfect grain connectivity and that the local superconducting properties are equivalent to those in the best reported thin films. A comparison between the calculations and measured J(_c)(B,T) dependencies suggest that in high fields at 20 K, J(_c) in presently available industrially processed tapes is only a factor of 8 below the performance of ideal fully optimised tapes. Transport measurements have been made on Bi-2223 single filaments extracted from an alloy sheathed multifilamentary tape in liquid nitrogen at 77 K in fields up to 300 mT with the field aligned parallel and perpendicular to the a-b planes. Further Jc(B,T) data have been taken in a variable temperature insert at temperatures between 60 to 90 K in fields up to 15 T. In a study of the electric field-current density {E-J) characteristics of the c-axis orientated data at 77 K, negative curvature is observed in traces below 280 mT. However, the 280 mT trace exhibits both positive and negative curvature in different current regimes in contrast to the predictions of standard theory. A laboratory scale Bi-2223 superconducting magnet producing a maximum field of 1.29 T at 4.2 K has been designed and fabricated. The magnet comprises 6 resin impregnated double wound pancakes with a 40 mm bore fabricated via the react and wind route. Critical current density measurements have been made as a function of magnetic field, angle and strain at 4.2 K and 77 K on short samples of the constituent tape. The E-J characteristics of all component coils have been measured and a comparison with short sample data shows that minimal additional damage occurred beyond that produced by the bending strain on the tape and the long length variation in J(_c). Sufficient detail is provided for the non-specialist to assess the potential use of brittle superconducting tapes for magnet technology and construct a laboratory scale magnet.
78

Diffusion Raman électronique dans les cuprates supraconducteurs

Gallais, Yann 21 November 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les cuprates supraconducteurs à haute température critique. Notre outil expérimental est la diffusion inélastique de la lumière ou diffusion Raman par les excitations électroniques. Grâce à l'utilisation des règles de sélection, la diffusion Raman électronique permet de sonder les excitations élémentaires de basse énergie dans différentes régions de la surface de Fermi. L'étude a été menée sur les composés YBa2Cu3O7-Δ et HgBa2CuO4+Δ qui ont tous les deux été étudiés en fonction de leur nombre de porteurs ou dopage. Dans le régime optimalement dopé, nos résultats sont comptabiles avec un gap supraconducteur de symétrie d. Cependant, dans l'état supraconducteur, nous avons mis en évidence la présence d'une deuxième échelle d'énergie qui n'est pas reliée directement au gap supraconducteur. Cette deuxième échelle d'énergie semble étroitement reliée à une excitation magnétique triplet de type excitonique qui est également observée par diffusion inélastique des neutrons. Dans le régime sousdopé, nous observons une suppression anisotrope de la réponse Raman à la fois dans l'état normal et dans l'état supraconducteur que nous interprétons comme l'ouverture d'un pseudogap dans la réponse de charge du système. Nos résultats sont compatibles avec les modèles dans lesquels le pseudogap résulte d'intéractions fortes qui entrent en compétition avec la supraconductivité. Nous proposons un modèle simple dans lequel le pseudogap est relié à la croissance des fluctuations antiferromagnétiques à mesure qu'on se rapproche de l'état isolant antiferromagnétique à dopage nul.
79

Transport d'entropie, thermoélectricité dans les supraconducteurs non conventionnels

Bel, Romain 11 October 2004 (has links) (PDF)
L'effet Nernst a connu, ces quinze dernières années, un regain d'attention, en particulier en raison de son comportement dans les cuprates supraconducteurs à haute température critique dopés aux trous. En effet, on observe dans ces composés la persistance tant en température qu'en champ magnétique d'un signal Nernst fini en dehors de la phase supraconductrice, alors que ce dernier n'est censé être non nul, dans le cas de métaux simples, que dans la phase vortex. Ce résultat a revêtu une certaine importance en ce sens qu'il appuyait expérimentalement, parmi d'autres résultats, un scénario de type paires préformées et excitations de type vortex dans la phase normale des cuprates dopés aux trous. Cependant, l'interprétation de l'effet Nernst souffre d'un manque de données expérimentales dans d'autres systèmes à électrons fortement corrélés. C'est initialement ce qui a motivé le travail de cette thèse, qui rassemble des résultats obtenus de 2001 à 2004 au Laboratoire de Physique Quantique - ESPCI à Paris, et qui est majoritairement constitué de mesures d'effet Nernst dans une autre classe de composés à électrons fortement corrélés : les fermions lourds. Plus particulièrement, nous avons mesuré l'effet Nernst à pression nulle dans une fenêtre de température comprise entre 1,5K et 50K et pour des champs magnétiques de 0 à 12T, dans trois composés : CeCoIn5, URu2Si2 et CeRu2Si2. Ces mesures constituent, à l'heure actuelle, les seules mesures d'effet Nernst effectuées sur des fermions lourds. Dans les trois cas, nous avons découvert dans la phase métallique l'émergence d'un effet Nernst géant dont l'amplitude dépasse de plusieurs ordres de grandeur la taille du signal attendu dans un métal simple, et qui atteint celle caractéristique des vortex dans la phase mixte des cuprates, à savoir quelques µV/KT. Plus particulièrement, CeCoIn5 héberge un effet Nernst négatof très important dans la partie non liquide de Fermi de son diagramme de phase, associée à la présence d'un point critique à Bc=5T. Cependant, l'effet Nernst que nous avons mesuré ne présente aucune anomalie à Bc, mais plutôt dans la limite B=0T, où le coefficient Nernst atteint 1µV/KT. L'émergence d'un effet Nernst positif important dans URu2Si2 coïncide avec l'entrée dans la phase ordre caché, et encore ici c'est à bas champ que le coefficient Nernst atteint son maximum de 4µV/KT, qui constitue le plus grand effet Nernst jamais mesuré dans une phase métallique. Enfin, c'est le métamagnétisme de CeRu2Si2 qui semble particulièrement affecter l'effet Nernst, puisque celui-ci présente, à Hm, un changement de signe particulièrement prononcé et coïncidant avec le maximum de chaleur spécifique. Par ailleurs, une des caractéristiques générales frappantes de cette émergence est qu'elle coïncide, dans les trois composés, avec la présence d'un angle de Hall également très élevé, et dont, en particulier dans CeCoIn5 et CeRu2Si2, la structure est assez proche de celle de l'effet Nernst. La présence de ce signal reste encore aujourd'hui particulièrement intrigante, en particulier en l'absence de mesures systématiques sur d'autres composés aux fermions lourds. Cependant, mais de façon très schématique, nous avons montré que la renormalisation de la masse pouvait être un ingrédient à l'origine de cet effet Nernst géant. De plus, pour chacun des composés des pistes peuvent être avancées pour déterminer l'origine de cet émergence : proximité d'un point critique quantique, fluctuations antiferromagnétiques, ondes de densité... Nous discutons en fin de cette thèse les divers scénarios et proposons des mesures futures afin de confirmer ou d'infirmer ces diverses propositions.
80

Investigation of renormalization effects in high temperature cuprate superconductors / Untersuchung von Renormierungseffekten in Hochtemperatur-Kuprat-Supraleitern

Zabolotnyy, Volodymyr B. 09 May 2008 (has links) (PDF)
While in conventional superconductors coupling between electrons and phonons is known to be responsible for the electron pairing, for the high temperature superconductors the pairing media remains under debates. Since the interactions of electrons with other degrees of freedom (phonons, magnetic excitations, etc) manifest themselves by an additional renormalization in the electronic dispersion, they can be investigated by means of Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. In the work renormalization in two families of high Tc cuprates have been studied. Along the diagonal of the two-dimensional BZ, the renormalization effects are represented by an unusual band dispersion that develops a so-called ‘‘kink’’. In the vicinity of the (pi, 0) point of the BZ, where the order parameter reaches its maximum, the renormalization is noticeably stronger and makes itself evident even in the shape of a single spectral line measured for a fixed momentum. It was shown that for the Bi-2212 samples substitution of Cu atoms in Cu-O plane changes renormalization features in ARPES spectra both in nodal and antinodal parts of the Brillouin zone. The smearing of the dip in the in the spectral line shape measured at (pi; 0) point can be well explained by coupling of electrons to the magnetic resonance mode. The effect of Zn and Ni substitution on the antinodal ARPES spectra was shown to be in good agreement with the influence of these impurities on magnetic resonance mode seen in inelastic neutron scattering experiments. This, in addition to the previous ARPES studies of temperature and doping dependence of peak-dip-hump structure, mass renormalization near antinodal region and a kink in the nodal part of Brillouin zone, provides further evidence that the coupling to magnetic excitations, rather than to phonons, is responsible for the observed unusual renormalization. Unlike the well studied Bi-2212 family of cuprates, photoemission on YBCO-123 turns out to be much more complicated. The observed spectra have a strong contribution from a heavily overdoped surface component with the hole doping level of about x~0.30, which is weakly dependent on the sample stochiometry. Absence of any signs of superconductivity in the spectra of the overdoped component was argued to result from the unusually high doping level. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the overdoped bands give rise to the Fermi surface and band structure consistent with the predictions of the LDA calculations, as well as, by the dependence of the photoemission matrix element on the excitation energy, which closely follows that of the superconducting bulk component. Specific experimental geometry was used to enhance the signal coming from the superconducting component. In particular, experiments with circularly polarized light bundled with simple theoretical considerations enabled better separation of the surface and the bulk components. This type of experiments also suggests that the overdoped component is mainly localized in the topmost CuO2 bilayer, while the next bilayers in the YBCO-123 structure already represent bulk properties and retain superconductivity. Using partially Ca substituted samples it was possible to obtain spectra with a suppressed overdoped component. The likely reason for the suppression is a shift of the most probable cleavage plane from the Ba–O interface to the Y layer. Spectra from the Ca substituted sample clearly reveal a sizable superconducting gap, and strong renormalization effects in the vicinity of the antinodal point. The fact that the renormalization vanishes above Tc and has strong momentum dependence, diminishing away from the (pi; 0)/(0; pi) point, strongly suggests that the reason for this renormalization in YBCO-123 is coupling of the electronic subsystem to spin resonance, similar to the case of Bi-2212.

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