Male survivors of abuse who become fathers themselves face challenges different from female survivors, such as conceptualizing their roles as providers and heads of households after the traumatic and often belittling experiences of abuse. However, very few researchers have studied the connection between child abuse and fatherhood, and none specific to young African American fathers. An interpretative phenomenological approach enabled exploration of how African American fathers who were abused as children, conceptualized and perceived their own experiences with fatherhood. The theoretical framework for this study was identity theory, which indicates that how people conceptualize a social role influences their actions in that role. Research questions centered on how young African American fathers, who were abused as children, conceptualized fatherhood and carried out their roles as fathers. Data collected from 11 young African American fathers came through in-depth, semistructured interviews. Key findings showed participants conceptualized fatherhood as being present for, providing for, and protecting their children. These fathers worked to break the cycle of abuse they had experienced and to show support for their children. Implications to promote social change include use of study findings to develop parenting programs that address childhood trauma. Other benefits may come from developing groups for father with children in the foster care system, helping these men to understand why they parent the way they do and to break the destructive cycle of parenting they had experienced. Findings may also contribute to the establishment of fatherhood programs that match fathers with supportive role models who help in navigating the father role.

Divorce creates significant stress that can have an impact on parent-child relationship satisfaction. Past researchers have indicated that in times of high stress, parents may not be available for their children due to their personal issues. Attachment theory demonstrates the importance of the parent-child bond for the child as he or she matures, so this bond needs to be protected. The purpose of this quantitative, nonexperimental study was to examine the predictive relationship between parental stress as measured by the Parenting Stress Index, 4th Edition, Short Form (PSI-4-SF) and the parent-child relationship satisfaction as measured by the Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) following a separation or divorce. A sample of 17 recently separated or divorced, custodial mothers who had at least one child between the ages 5-13 years were recruited through local schools and the Walden Participant Pool. They completed the PSI-4-SF, the PCRI, and a demographics questionnaire. A correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between parental stress and the level of parent-child relationship satisfaction, which was found to possess a significant negative relationship. Multiple regression analyses were then conducted, but neither child gender or child age influenced this relationship between parental stress and parent-child relationship satisfaction. However, mothers did report higher parent-child relationship satisfaction when their child was male. This study has a small sample size, so results do need to be approached with caution. This knowledge of which families may be most at risk for increased stress may promote positive social change by providing professionals insight into which families may be most in need to learn stress control and management to help protect the parent-child relationship.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to approach a broad topic related to the education of individuals serving a prison sentence and their motivation for education. The work contains a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, with the help of specialized literature, I focus on crime, prisons, including prison history. The next chapter deals with prison statistics, punishments in the Czech Republic, including alternative ones. Subsequently, I focus on resocialization, education and motivation of individuals serving a prison sentence. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with treatment programs. In it I present the activities of the program, how the program is compiled and their types of programs. In the practical part I present my hypotheses, research methods and characterize a group of respondents. I made a case study with one specific prisoner. The next step is a questionnaire survey, which was sent to prisoners. The processing of its results and hypotheses follows. The last chapter of the diploma thesis contains a conclusion and a discussion of the acquired knowledge. KEYWORDS penitentiary, education, program, custodial sentence, motivation, employment, treatment program

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The purpose of this study was to explore the following relationships: (a) how moderating factors (gender, age, ethnicity, social support, marital status, reason for role assumption and number of grandchildren in the home) can influence the mediating role of resiliency, and (b) how resiliency may mediate the negative effects of raising grandchildren (role demands, life disruptions, and difficulties with grandchildren) on grandparent adjustment over time. Resiliency was hypothesized to have the greatest effect on custodial grandparents who experienced the most stress (i.e., older, single, Caucasian males lacking social support and raising more than one grandchild). Mediation was assessed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated resilience mediated the relationship between role assumptions (i.e., role demands and life disruptions) and grandparent adjustment; however, resilience did not mediate the relationship between grandchild characteristics and grandparent adjustment. Due to the small number of custodial grandfathers (n = 14), non-married grandparents (n = 29), non-Caucasian grandparents (n = 10), the small number of grandparents who assumed the custodial role for less ambiguous reasons (n = 24), and the number of custodial grandparents with more than one grandchild residing in the home (n = 29) participating within the study, hierarchical multiple regressions were only conducted to test for moderated mediation for perceived social support and the age of the grandparent. Results indicated resilience mediates the relationship between life disruption and grandparent well-being for younger custodial grandparents and for custodial grandparents with perceived high social support.

Only a few extensive web archiving projects have been conducted in the Swedish cultural heritage sector with the goal of preserving digital cultural heritage and advancing research. This thesis aims to acquire knowledge on how such projects can be executed by analyzing three different projects of that kind. By conducting four qualitative interviews with project representatives, this thesis investigates the methods used to collect and make digital cultural heritage accessible. The benefits and drawbacks of different approaches and solutions are discussed, drawing on the archival paradigm and post-custodial theory. Furthermore, the thesis addresses the most significant challenges in the cultural heritage sector for digital preservation, including technical obstacles, limited resources, insufficient expertise, and stakeholder engagement. By showcasing experiences from web archiving projects, this thesis aspires to enhance the field and offer valuable insights into the effective preservation of digital cultural heritage.

The occurrence of custodial grandparents is increasing greatly. These grandparents face added stress and many adversities that arise from caregiving. Findings of current research tends to be mixed on the effects of grandparents raising grandchildren experience. Much research concludes that grandparent caregivers experience negative declines in overall health and well-being, while other research points out that the caregiving role may actually be a positive experience for the grandparent. The current study hypothesizes that mixed research may be a result of varying levels of resilience in the custodial grandparent population. The model proposed in this study looks at resilience as a mediator between several variables that effect custodial grandparenting. The current sample consisted of 239 custodial grandparents. A regression/correlation analysis was conducted on the data, and it was found that resilience levels were significant in mediating the effects of grandparent caregiving.

- The issue of the concept of criminal custody Man's personal freedom is the basic human right, however at the same time it is possible to restrict it in a democratic society under certain conditions defined beforehand. This thesis deals with the most serious personal freedom trial restriction - the institute of custody. Custody consists in a temporary personal freedom restriction of the defendant in a closed facility based upon a court decision. Custody is an utmost means and it shall be used only if its purpose cannot be reached by other measures. Custody is not a means of pressure on the defendant and it is unacceptable to misuse it; it si not a sanction measure either. Custody law is arranged particularly in the Penal Procedure Code, which sets the basic principles and conditions under which the defendant can be limited on their personal freedom with this procedure means. The basic suppositions for taking the defendant into custody are a reasonable concern that they will escape or hide, further that they will thwart clarifying facts crucial for the criminal prosecution, and finally that they will repeat their criminal activity. These three reasons for custody are also indicated as getaway, collusion and surpass custodies. This personal freedom restriction may last only for a certain time,...

Children in stepfamilies accept, for the most part, both their fathers - their noncustodial biological father and their stepfather - as part of the family, even when the children are representing the ideal family as they imagine it. Important factors in children's level of acceptance of their stepfathers include children's perception of a warm relationship between them and their stepfather, and between them and their mother, as well as a positive emotional climate in the family overall. Stepfathers are accepted by children if they impose a lower level of parental control over them. Children are also more likely to accept their stepfathers the longer the time has elapsed since the divorce of their biological parents, and the longer they have lived with their stepfather. Children wish to have closer relationships with their non-custodial biological. They would also prefer if stepfathers exercised less authority over their families. Children often express a wish for the relationships among the significant adults in the family to be free of conflict. As expressed by one of the children: "I am not happy that dad has moved away, but if my parents have decided that it should be so, then at least I want everyone to get along."

Personal digital records are one of the most underrepresented areas of archival theory and practice. Documentary forms created by private persons have long been victim of a poverty of professional attention, and much of the literature on the appraisal and preservation of records has tended to focus on those generated by government and other organizational entities. And strategies developed for the archival management of digital records have similarly placed strong emphasis on business functions or corporate transactions as the primary unit of analysis. This scholastic deficit has severely impaired the ability of the archivist to comprehend and effectively meet the many challenges of archiving personal records in the digital age. This thesis demonstrates how investigations of the original context of creation and use of records in contemporary personal computing environments are integral to the development of comprehensive strategies for the capture and preservation of personal digital archives. It is within these digital domains that archivists come to see cultures of personal recordkeeping, private appraisal decisions based on unique designations of value, and the complexities of both online and offline personal digital preservation strategies. A keen understanding of how individuals create and preserve their digital records across time and space should be of the utmost importance to archivists for, if nothing else, these pre-custodial activities are the principal sites of archival provenance. Chapter one discusses past and present responses to both paper-based and electronic personal archives. The discussion begins with the definition of the personal record as essentially non-archival by early leading archival theorists and how these definitions, though first advanced in the early to mid-twentieth century, continue to find resonance in contemporary archival ideas and institutional mandates. This chapter then illustrates how ideas predicated on the management of electronic government records, and metadata standards developed for formalized electronic recordkeeping systems, are not easily transposed to personal domains. Chapter two takes a critical look at the often oversimplified personal digital archiving environment to expose the many nuances in the context of creation and use of records by individuals in the digital era. Chapter three explores a number of emerging approaches to the professional archiving of personal digital records and reveals how the proper management of these materials requires multiple hardware and software applications, concise acquisition strategies and preservation methodologies, and diligent front-end work to ensure personal digital records cross the threshold of archival repositories. The thesis concludes with a summary of the main arguments and collates the best ideas, approaches, and technologies reviewed throughout to propose a hypothetical strategy for archiving personal digital records in the present. This thesis argues that significantly more work with records creators earlier in the record creation process must be done when archiving personal digital records because more proactive measures are required to capture and preserve these materials than was previously the case with paper-based or analog documentary forms.