Face au recours croissant à la prison soit au titre des peines, soit comme lieu de garde des personnes en attente de jugement, il convient de s’interroger sur les effets de l’incarcération sur la condition juridique des personnes détenues. Longtemps considérée comme étrangère au droit, la prison s’est progressivement dotée d’un corpus de règles que l’on désigne sous le vocable de droit pénitentiaire. Cette recherche vise à interroger les rapports qu’entretiennent le droit de l’institution pénitentiaire et le droit de la société libre afin de préciser les conséquences de l’incarcération sur la vie civile du détenu.De construction récente, le droit pénitentiaire s’est progressivement autonomisé, à tel point qu’il doit être considéré aujourd’hui comme une véritable branche du droit. En cela, il révèle que la prison constitue une microsociété avec ses propres logiques et son propre droit. Véritable décalque de la société civile, la prison évolue dans une orientation toujours plus intrusive dans la vie des personnes qu’elle a sous sa garde.Pourtant, la société civile semble manifester un intérêt croissant pour ses prisons. L’entrée du secteur privé dans la sphère pénitentiaire conjuguée à un contrôle accru du juge a abouti à d’importants changements du système pénitentiaire, notamment au regard du respect des droits fondamentaux du détenu. Toutefois, la réconciliation de la société carcérale et de la société civile n’apparaît possible qu’à la condition d’un alignement du droit pénitentiaire sur le droit privé / In recent decades, it seems important to focus on the effects of incarceration on detainees, as The Criminal Justice System increasingly resort to prison sentences, as well as pre-sentence detentions. After a tradition of lawlessness, penitentiaries have known a phase in of new policies, which are now referred to as Penitentiary law. This research addresses the impact of incarceration on detainees forced to abide by Penitentiary law, the ladder being harsher from the free world law.Thus, developing specific rules, Penitentiary law can now be considered a new type of law, with its own purposes. In the same way, penitentiaries form a micro society following its own rules.Although the trend shows increasingly harsh policies and conditions of confinement, the Criminal Justice System, as to reassure public opinion, seems more and more willing to resort to prison.However, the detainees now afford elaborate constitutional protections, due to private facility management and judicial scrutiny, and the challenge is develop these protections, as to bring Penitentiary law into the line with civil law

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yashmin Crispim Baiocchi de Paula e Toledo.pdf: 737877 bytes, checksum: c2b6da727cd7314501330cf1d94c95b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-10 / The Public Attorneys was created as an institution to defend the interests of sovereign will and to promote the penal prosecution. In Brazil, the Federal Constitution of 1988 conferred a new profile to the institution, by prioritizing the defense of basic human rights. The prison sentence, in turn; also appeared as an instrument of enforcing the sovereign will, directed toward transgressors of the law. Over time, it was molded and shaped according to political, economical and social changes. In the international scene, the penitentiary rights gained distinction in 1955, when the United Nations Congress elaborated the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. Since then, the humanitarian and social idealism has made its way into the national and international legislation. The Law of Criminal Execution, Law N. 7,210/84, prior to the constitutional text, did not foresee the action of the Public Attorneys in defending the basic human rights of the prisoners. In this context, this paper proposes to investigate the performance of the Brazilian Public Attorneys through the following and inspection of the prison sentence, with the intention of verifying that it is in agreement with its new character, according to the Federal Constitution of 1988, of defending and keeping the legal order, the democratic system and the basic human rights, or if the institution continues to be engaged in the role of "relentless accuser" and in this sense is contributing to the chaos of the penitentiary system. The theoretical postulates will be centered on authors pertaining to the issue, such as: ALBERGARIA (1992); ANDRADE (2002); BARBOSA (2002); BECCARIA (1996), BITENCOURT (2001); BOBBIO (2004); CANOTILHO (1998); FOUCAULT (1987/2002); FRAGOSO (1980); MAZZILLI (2005); MIRABETE (1997/1998); ROXIN (1986/2000); SHECAIRA (1995/2004), among others. / O Ministério Público surgiu como uma instituição incumbida de defender os interesses do soberano e promover a acusação penal. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 conferiu novo perfil à instituição, ao priorizar a atuação em defesa dos direitos fundamentais. A pena privativa de liberdade, por sua vez; também surgiu como instrumento de imposição da vontade do soberano dirigido àquele que transgredisse a ordem dominante e, ao longo do tempo, recebeu contornos diferentes à medida que se alteravam fatores políticos, econômicos e sociais. No cenário internacional, o direito penitenciário ganhou destaque, a partir de 1955, quando a Organização das Nações Unidas elaborou as Regras Mínimas para o Tratamento de Reclusos. Desde então, o ideário humanitário e socializador passou a permear a legislação nacional e internacional. A Lei de Execução Penal, Lei n. 7.210/84, anterior ao texto constitucional, não previu a atuação do Ministério Público, como garantidor dos direitos fundamentais dos presos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a investigar a atuação do Ministério Público brasileiro no acompanhamento e fiscalização da pena privativa de liberdade, no intuito de verificar se há consonância com a nova feição que lhe foi atribuída pela Constituição Federal de 1988, de defensor da ordem jurídica, do regime democrático e dos direitos fundamentais, ou se a instituição continua apegada à função de "acusador implacável" e nesse sentido está contribuindo para o caos do sistema penitenciário. Os postulados teóricos; estarão centrados em autores pertinentes ao tema, como: ALBERGARIA (1992); ANDRADE (2002); BARBOSA (2002); BECCARIA (1996), BITENCOURT (2001); BOBBIO (2004); CANOTILHO (1998); FOUCAULT (1987/2002); FRAGOSO (1980); MAZZILLI (2005); MIRABETE (1997/1998); ROXIN (1986/2000); SHECAIRA (1995/2004), além de outros.

In this dissertation the problems surrounding the sentencing stage and factors which influence the sentence are briefly considered. The emphasis is on the use and value of a pre-sentence report in determining suitable sentences other than imprisonment. Historical background in the use of pre-sentence reports in South Africa, England and America is briefly referred to. Relevant concepts, such as individualisation of punishment, are considered in relation to possible sentences such as compensation, fines, community service, and correctional supervision. It is concluded that the provisions of sections 274 and 276A of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1 977 are not enough to regulate the use of pre-sentence reports in South Africa. It is further concluded that legislation is needed in this area, but in the meantime, our courts should work towards developing guidelines based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1 977. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M (Law)

1 Abstract This thesis with the subject "The forms of custody for underage children in the times after split-up or divorce of their parents" is dealing with possible types of arrangements of custody for a child after the break up of his parents. This topic is currently very live in the Czech Republic, as well as in other advanced countries, because the amount of divorces is rising. According to the valid legislation it is possible to entrust the child, after the divorce of his parents, to either the custody of one of the parents, shared custody of both parents, joint custody or, if deemed necessary in regards to the needs of the child, to the custody of another person. The aim of this thesis is to create an overview which will acquaint the readers with all options of arrangements of the custody for children after the divorce of their parents which are established in the section § 907 of Act no. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. The increased attention is paid to the shared custody because of several recent breakthrough jurisprudences of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic concerning this legal institute. This thesis is split into 5 chapters, excluding introduction and conclusion. In the first chapter I concern with historical development of the legislation of decision making regarding the entrusting of...

Submitted by Luciana Carvalho (lucianadebib@ufrnet.br) on 2014-01-30T20:43:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-LUCIANA MOREIRA.pdf: 2929785 bytes, checksum: 83942c1a850cf3669e84153fbaf4b61f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes(clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2014-02-04T12:32:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-LUCIANA MOREIRA.pdf: 2929785 bytes, checksum: 83942c1a850cf3669e84153fbaf4b61f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-04T12:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-LUCIANA MOREIRA.pdf: 2929785 bytes, checksum: 83942c1a850cf3669e84153fbaf4b61f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia - FCT / Analisa as pr?ticas de media??o desenvolvidas nas bibliotecas universit?rias pelos bibliotec?rios diante das tecnologias digitais. Para tanto estabelece como objetivo geral analisar de forma comparativa, o impacto e media??o das tecnologias digitais no funcionamento de bibliotecas Universit?rias de Portugal e da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil. Integraram esta pesquisa 10 universidades federais brasileiras e 12 universidades p?blicas portuguesas, com um total geral de 115 bibliotec?rios, que s?o os sujeitos participantes. ? uma pesquisa qualitativa que adota o m?todo quadripolar ? recomendado para os trabalhos desenvolvidos no ?mbito das Ci?ncias Sociais Aplicadas, e em especial na ?rea de Ci?ncia da Informa??o. Atrav?s da intera??o entre os polos: epistemol?gico, te?rico, t?cnico e morfol?gico, que fundamentam este m?todo, houve o fortalecimento e a fluidez das quest?es estudadas. Os resultados dos question?rios aplicados aos bibliotec?rios, bem como da an?lise dos s?tios das bibliotecas pesquisadas, foram interpretados atrav?s de um alicerce te?rico baseado em tr?s pontos principais: as quest?es paradigm?ticas que envolvem a ?rea de Ci?ncia da Informa??o, a an?lise da media??o p?s-custodial informacional e cient?fica e as Tecnologias de Informa??o e Comunica??o presentes nas bibliotecas. Como principais resultados vemos que o impacto das tecnologias digitais nas bibliotecas universit?rias ? considerado pelos bibliotec?rios brasileiros e portugueses como positivo, com ?nfase em dois pontos: a inova??o dos suportes de informa??o e a autossufici?ncia dos utilizadores. A maior diferen?a se percebe em rela??o ao aspecto social, atrav?s de uma maior preocupa??o entre os bibliotec?rios brasileiros com as barreiras informacionais causadas por quest?es econ?mica, social e educacional e sentido com menos intensidade pelos bibliotec?rios portugueses, que ascendem as tecnologias digitais com mais facilidade. De forma conclusiva, a an?lise do impacto e a media??o das tecnologias digitais nas bibliotecas pesquisadas, apontam para uma evolu??o nas pr?ticas mediadoras das bibliotecas universit?rias de Portugal e do Nordeste do Brasil e uma converg?ncia laboral entre os bibliotec?rios portugueses e brasileiros. / Baptista, Ana Alice R. P. / Borges, Maria Manuel L. F. C. M.

The terms “anti-juridicity” and “custodial sentences” are widely used in the legal world. In this article, the author encourages to question both terms, analyzing if they are coherent with, precisely, what is understood as Law. First, the author wonders if it is correct to talk about “antijuridicity”, taking into account the subject of Law, the ways in which Law is manifested, and the relation between juridicity and Law.Further on, the author analyses if it is correct to talk about a “custodial sentence”, considering the relation between liberty and the human being. All through the article, the author also recounts how the ideas in Law have evolved through recenthistory. / Los términos “antijuridicidad” y “pena privativa de la libertad” son bastante utilizados en el medio legal. El autor del presente artículo invita a cuestionar ambos términos, analizando si son coherentes con, precisamente, lo que se entiende como Derecho. Así, en primer lugar se plantea si es correcto hablar de “antijuridicidad”, teniendo en cuenta el objeto del Derecho, las formas en que se manifiesta el Derecho y la relación entre este y la juridicidad. Asimismo, analiza si es correcto hablar de una “pena privativa de la libertad”, teniendo en cuenta la relación entre ser humano y libertad. Todo ello lo realiza mientras hace un recuento de cómo se ha producido la evolución del pensamiento en el Derecho a lo largo de la historia reciente

This master's thesis "The significance of education of people during their custodial sentence with regard to the convicts of serious criminal acts in the Czech Republic" deals with education of perpetrators of serious criminal acts. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain, whether people who are imprisoned in long term can through education, which includes not only vocational education and primary education, but also the "Program of treatment" and activity of pedagogical workers, change the point of view at the sense of custodial sentence. I consider the pedagogical workers to be the people who work as special pedagogues, leisure pedagogues and educators. The theoretical part deals with functions of custodial sentence, then with the "program Treatment with convicts, education of convicts, social works at prison, and connection of social work at prison with education of convicts and there is also something about the logo therapeutic attitude of Viktor Emil Frankl. The last part of this thesis deals with analysis of eleven interviews, which were completed by convicts of serious criminal acts who are nowadays already at liberty. This part responds the aim of the thesis.

This study investigated marital dissolution in the Tanzanian context. The study specifically focused on the potential effect of marital dissolution (both positive and negative) on early adolescents’ academic and psycho-social functioning. The primary research question directing the research is: ―How can insight into marital dissolution in Tanzania broaden our knowledge on its effect on children?‖ The conceptual framework for the study is based on attachment theory, crisis theory, family stress theory and life course theory. Epistemologically, the study utilised social constructivism as paradigm. A qualitative methodological approach was followed, implementing an instrumental case study as research design. I purposefully selected eight children from two children’s centres in Tanzania and four additional children from custodial homes. In addition, twelve parents, who had been separated from their partners, as well as twelve teachers and caregivers who have been involved with the child participants, participated in the study. For data collection I employed semi-structured interviews with the parents and children; focus group discussions with teachers and caregivers; interviews and narrations with children; and an analysis of existing documents. Field notes, a research diary and verbatim transcripts were utilised to document the data I collected. Following inductive thematic analysis four themes emerged, relating to the reasons for marital dissolution, the effect of marital dissolution on early adolescents’ functioning, trends following marital dissolution and managing marital dissolution in Tanzania. In terms of reasons for marital dissolution I identified the following subthemes: abuse, lack of commitment to the family, influence of others, and financial strain. In terms of the effect of marital dissolution on early adolescents’ functioning three subthemes emerged namely; effect on early adolescents’ academic performance, effect on early adolescents’ psycho-social well-being, and parents’ insight into the effect of marital dissolution on their children. With regard to trends following marital dissolution I identified the following three subthemes: positive effect of marital dissolution, change in living arrangements, and other related changes negatively affecting children. Finally, two subthemes emerged concerning the management of marital dissolution in Tanzania, namely minimising the effect of marital dissolution on children, and potential role of the Tanzanian government. The findings of this study indicate that the majority of Tanzanian couples merely separate, rather than following a legal divorce. Parents showed limited insight into the effect of marital dissolution on their children. Besides some children experiencing the separation of their parents as a relief, the majority of children were negatively affected in terms of their academic performance and psycho-social functioning. Children indicated the need to be involved in discussions preceding and during the separation process, yet Tanzanian parents did not value the involvement of their children during this process. Based on the findings I obtained I conclude that the effect of marital dissolution on children are not only continuous but that the effects in various areas of functioning are interrelated and cyclic in nature, and that children can experience the effects before, during and after marital dissolution. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Educational Psychology / PhD / Unrestricted

This research seeks to demonstrate the need for alternative forms of sentencing in the Uganda criminal justice system with a specific focus on the use of community service. Approaching community service as a child protection strategy in sentencing parent offenders would be a positive step in addressing issues of child neglect and attendant problems. The study seeks to: (1) Analyse the impact of parental incarceration on children (2) Make a specific inquiry into the use of community service orders as an alternative to imprisonment in Uganda (3) Illustrate that approaching community service as a child protection strategy in sentencing parent offenders would be a positive step in addressing issues of child neglect and attendant problems (4) Make recommendations for a new course of action that will highlight and be aimed at preventing the abuse of children / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Atangcho Nji Akonumbo, Université Catholique D’Afrique Centrale Yaoundé Cameroun / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Anafylaxi som orsakats av insektsstick är ett akut tillstånd som i vissa fall kan ha en dödlig utgång om inte rätt behandling ges i tid. Störst risk att drabbas är under sommartid samt hösten. Syftet med följande studie var att visa vilken påverkan den anafylaktiska reaktionen har i patientens dagliga liv samt vilken betydelse immunterapin har för insektsallergiska personer. Litteraturstudien bygger på åtta kvantitativa och två kvalitativa studier och granskningsmetoden som använts är Goodman. Resultatet visade att det dagliga livet hos allergiska personer för¬ändras efter allvarliga eller upprepade allergiska reaktioner samt att immunterapi var en effektiv preventions¬åtgärd mot att drabbas flera gånger av liknande reaktioner efter insektsstick. / Anaphylaxis caused by insect stings is a state of emergency that in some cases has a fatal exit when the right treatment can’t be given in time. The highest risk of getting stung is in the summertime and fall. The aim of the following study was to examine the anaphylactic reactions influence on the patients daily life and to see wich meaning immunotherapy has for patients that are allergic to insects. The present study was based upon eight quantitative and two qualitative articles and the method that were used was based upon Goodman. The result showed that daily life among patients who have experienced a anafylxic reaction is affected and that immunotherapy is an effective prevention treatment in order to avoid a severe anafylxic reaction after a stung from an insect.