In physical service settings, we interact not only with the service providers but with other customers. Furthermore, the influence of other patronages was even more critical in the virtual space. However, the issue of ¡§other customers¡¨ was neglected by scholars and practitioner compared to the other components in the service environment. Although in a handful of past literature, we find that scholars have classified the behaviors which ¡§other customers¡¨ may have based on the role theory, the question that with which target customers will interact, what characteristics the targets have, and which psychological mechanism is responsible for these interactions still remain unknown. Since interpersonal attraction has been regarded as the foundations of all kinds of relationships by social psychologists, and which was also used in managerial field such as WOM, organizational behavior, and buyer-seller relationships. As a result, the researcher tries to use theories pertaining to attraction to explain the questions above. Researcher conducts two experiments to examine the relationships of antecedents¡]similarity, physical attractiveness, and valence of appraisal from others¡^, interpersonal attraction, and possible outcomes. In experiment 1, the results indicate similarity of interactive does induce interpersonal attraction which mediates the impact of WOM on subjects¡¦ attitudes and purchase intentions. In addition, the more attractive experimenters are, the more persuasive they are. In experiment 2, interpersonal attraction mediates the impact of appearance and appraisal on subjects¡¦ satisfaction in the same way of experiment 1, yet it presents the inverse relation between attraction and purchase intentions which different from the first experiment. The major contribution of this article is to provide insight into the nature of customer-to-customer interaction and the empirical evidence for the social service setting concept addressed by Tomb and McColley in 2003. On the other hand, we extend the scope of attraction research to short-term relationship between customers that becomes more and more important and complex at the same time. In the end of this article, researcher provides the managerial implication and the future research directions.

Purpose - Collaborative consumption, such as car sharing, speci fi cally implicates customer-to-customer interaction, which must be regulated by service providers (companies, peers and self-regulating communities), comprising different challenges for business organizations. While in conventional business relations, consumers are protected from undesirable customer behavior by laws, regulations (power) in the context of collaborative consumption are rare, so that trust becomes more relevant. It is the purpose of the study to investigate possible mechanisms to prevent undesirable customers in collaborative consumption. Design/methodology/Approach - In between subject designs, samples of 186 and 328 consumers fi lled in experimental online questionnaires with vignettes. Analyses were made of differences among car sharing companies, private persons and car sharing communities in terms of the power of providers, trust in providers and trust in other users of the shared goods, undesirable customer behavior and consumer - provider relations. Findings - Companies, private persons and self-regulating communities differ in terms of perceived power and trust. Participants speci fi cally perceive mainly coercive power with the car sharing company, but with the private person and the community, reason-based trust in other users is perceived as prevalent. Nevertheless, undesirable customer behavior varies only marginally over the models. Originality/value - The present study is the first to investigate measures to prevent undesirable customer behavior over different collaborative consumption models. This enables appropriate identification of market segments and tailoring of services. The study identifies opportunities for companies in contrast to private persons and self-regulating communities and, in doing so, provides important stimulation for marketing strategy and theory development.

This thesis investigates customer-to-customer roles and impacts in the context of service encounters. This topic is studied from two angles: customer interactions during group service encounters and customer perceptions post service encounters. The first angle is a focus on group service encounters that addresses the lack of research on customer-to-customer interactions that occur in customer-to-customer interaction-intensive contexts. These are contexts where the interactions between customers are not peripheral to the service, where there can be an expectation to interact with the other customers, and are common in tourism and hospitality, recreation, and education. The second angle is a focus on service outcomes after the service encounter, including satisfaction, intention to recommend, and online word-of-mouth. Paper 1 explores how firms view and manage customer-to-customer interactions during group service encounters. It finds that the differences in attitude and conduct of firms create four possible stances toward customer-to-customer interaction. Paper 2 delves deeper into how customer-to-customer interactions impact the design and delivery of group service encounters, develops a typology of customer cohort climates (CCCs), and identifies how each CCC can be created through four elements of group service encounters. Paper 3  investigates how positive and negative customer-to-customer interactions impact service outcomes and finds that customer-to-customer interaction is a dissatisfier. Paper 4 examines how customers produce online hotel reviews and finds that content analysis of online reviews yields similar findings to more traditional quantitative research methods. This thesis advances research on the impact of customers on each other and provides evidence that other customers can and should be managed to achieve desired service outcomes. It further proposes how these interactions can be managed to further enhance service firm offerings. / <p>QC 20160516</p>

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da interação entre consumidores no valor da experiência e na satisfação do consumidor, nos ambientes de varejo off-line e on-line, considerando o papel da ansiedade social. Para alcançar este objetivo, três estudos experimentais foram conduzidos. Os resultados indicam que a interação entre consumidores aumenta o valor da experiência e a sua satisfação tanto no ambiente de varejo off-line (estudos 1 e 3) como no on-line (estudos 2 e 3). Entretanto, no ambiente de varejo off-line, o impacto da interação entre consumidores na satisfação é moderado pela ansiedade social (estudos 1 e 3). Assim, quanto maior a ansiedade social do indivíduo, menor é o impacto da interação entre consumidores na satisfação do consumidor. Para a relação entre interação entre consumidores e valor da experiência, não foi encontrada essa moderação. No ambiente de varejo on-line, a ansiedade social não modera nenhuma destas relações, conforme previsto (estudos 2 e 3). Adicionalmente, o estudo 3 busca fornecer uma possível explicação da razão pela qual não há moderação no ambiente on-line, demonstrando que o controle da autoapresentação é maior neste ambiente, mas somente para consumidores com alta ansiedade social. / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of customer-to-customer interaction on experience value and customer satisfaction, in the off-line and on-line retail environments, considering the role of social anxiety. To achieve this objective, three experimental studies were conducted. The results indicate that the customer-to-customer interaction increases the experience value and satisfaction in both the offline retail environment (studies 1 and 3) and the online (studies 2 and 3). However, in the offline retail environment, the impact of the customer-to-customer interaction on customer satisfaction is moderated by social anxiety (studies 1 and 3). Thus, the higher the social anxiety of the individual, the lower the impact of the customer-to-customer interaction on customer satisfaction. For the relationship between customer-to-customer interaction and experience value, this moderation was not found. In the online retail environment, social anxiety does not moderate any of these relationships, as predicted (studies 2 and 3). Additionally, study 3 seeks to provide a possible explanation of there is not such moderation in the online environment, and demonstrates that the self-presentation control is higher in this environment, but only for consumers with high social anxiety.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da interação entre consumidores no valor da experiência e na satisfação do consumidor, nos ambientes de varejo off-line e on-line, considerando o papel da ansiedade social. Para alcançar este objetivo, três estudos experimentais foram conduzidos. Os resultados indicam que a interação entre consumidores aumenta o valor da experiência e a sua satisfação tanto no ambiente de varejo off-line (estudos 1 e 3) como no on-line (estudos 2 e 3). Entretanto, no ambiente de varejo off-line, o impacto da interação entre consumidores na satisfação é moderado pela ansiedade social (estudos 1 e 3). Assim, quanto maior a ansiedade social do indivíduo, menor é o impacto da interação entre consumidores na satisfação do consumidor. Para a relação entre interação entre consumidores e valor da experiência, não foi encontrada essa moderação. No ambiente de varejo on-line, a ansiedade social não modera nenhuma destas relações, conforme previsto (estudos 2 e 3). Adicionalmente, o estudo 3 busca fornecer uma possível explicação da razão pela qual não há moderação no ambiente on-line, demonstrando que o controle da autoapresentação é maior neste ambiente, mas somente para consumidores com alta ansiedade social. / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of customer-to-customer interaction on experience value and customer satisfaction, in the off-line and on-line retail environments, considering the role of social anxiety. To achieve this objective, three experimental studies were conducted. The results indicate that the customer-to-customer interaction increases the experience value and satisfaction in both the offline retail environment (studies 1 and 3) and the online (studies 2 and 3). However, in the offline retail environment, the impact of the customer-to-customer interaction on customer satisfaction is moderated by social anxiety (studies 1 and 3). Thus, the higher the social anxiety of the individual, the lower the impact of the customer-to-customer interaction on customer satisfaction. For the relationship between customer-to-customer interaction and experience value, this moderation was not found. In the online retail environment, social anxiety does not moderate any of these relationships, as predicted (studies 2 and 3). Additionally, study 3 seeks to provide a possible explanation of there is not such moderation in the online environment, and demonstrates that the self-presentation control is higher in this environment, but only for consumers with high social anxiety.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da interação entre consumidores no valor da experiência e na satisfação do consumidor, nos ambientes de varejo off-line e on-line, considerando o papel da ansiedade social. Para alcançar este objetivo, três estudos experimentais foram conduzidos. Os resultados indicam que a interação entre consumidores aumenta o valor da experiência e a sua satisfação tanto no ambiente de varejo off-line (estudos 1 e 3) como no on-line (estudos 2 e 3). Entretanto, no ambiente de varejo off-line, o impacto da interação entre consumidores na satisfação é moderado pela ansiedade social (estudos 1 e 3). Assim, quanto maior a ansiedade social do indivíduo, menor é o impacto da interação entre consumidores na satisfação do consumidor. Para a relação entre interação entre consumidores e valor da experiência, não foi encontrada essa moderação. No ambiente de varejo on-line, a ansiedade social não modera nenhuma destas relações, conforme previsto (estudos 2 e 3). Adicionalmente, o estudo 3 busca fornecer uma possível explicação da razão pela qual não há moderação no ambiente on-line, demonstrando que o controle da autoapresentação é maior neste ambiente, mas somente para consumidores com alta ansiedade social. / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of customer-to-customer interaction on experience value and customer satisfaction, in the off-line and on-line retail environments, considering the role of social anxiety. To achieve this objective, three experimental studies were conducted. The results indicate that the customer-to-customer interaction increases the experience value and satisfaction in both the offline retail environment (studies 1 and 3) and the online (studies 2 and 3). However, in the offline retail environment, the impact of the customer-to-customer interaction on customer satisfaction is moderated by social anxiety (studies 1 and 3). Thus, the higher the social anxiety of the individual, the lower the impact of the customer-to-customer interaction on customer satisfaction. For the relationship between customer-to-customer interaction and experience value, this moderation was not found. In the online retail environment, social anxiety does not moderate any of these relationships, as predicted (studies 2 and 3). Additionally, study 3 seeks to provide a possible explanation of there is not such moderation in the online environment, and demonstrates that the self-presentation control is higher in this environment, but only for consumers with high social anxiety.

[pt] Apesar de ser um assunto já discutido em outras áreas do conhecimento como Antropologia, Sociologia e Psicologia, o encontro entre indivíduos diferentes, no caso, consumidores diferentes em ambientes de serviços ainda é pouco discutido no Marketing. Nos últimos anos, as mudanças de ordem econômica e social provocaram o acesso de uma parcela significativa da população ao consumo, entre eles o consumo de educação privada, setor que tem se expandido cada vez mais no Brasil e que também ainda carece de estudos na área de Marketing e Comportamento do Consumidor. A tese, a partir de um estudo longitudinal de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa, se propõe a investigar a trajetória universitária de 22 jovens em Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Esses jovens foram entrevistados pelo menos duas vezes ao longo desse período e têm em comum o fato de serem originários da baixa renda. A maioria deles são os primeiros da família a ingressarem no ensino superior. Analisou-se a forma como estes jovens vivenciaram a experiência de consumir os serviços das universidades e também os relacionamentos interpessoais que ocorreram no ambiente universitário. A pesquisa apoia-se na literatura de marketing sobre encontro de serviços e interações entre clientes e também recorre à literatura de outras áreas do conhecimento. A partir da perspectiva dos jovens de baixa renda (outsiders) identificou-se o caráter simbólico da educação superior e como esses jovens atribuem significados a ela e buscam transferir esses significados para eles próprios. O caráter simbólico da educação superior permeia toda a trajetória universitária: no ingresso na universidade, na vivência do ensino superior no decorrer do curso, no momento da formatura, e na experiência uma vez concluída a universidade. Os resultados obtidos também mostram que a presença do outro no ambiente de consumo impacta a forma como aquele consumo é experienciado, principalmente em IES privada de elite. Essa interação é acompanhada por estranhamento, medo e construção de estereótipos. E também por aspectos positivos como as autodescobertas, mudanças na visão de mundo e novas concepções da vida. / [en] Despite being a topic already discussed in other areas of knowledge such as Anthropology, Sociology and Psychology, the encounter between different individuals, in this case, different consumers in service environments, is still little discussed in Marketing. In recent years, changes in the economic and social order have led to the access of a significant parcel of the population to consumption, including the consumption of private education, a sector that has been expanding more and more in Brazil and which also still needs studies in the area of Marketing and Consumer Behavior. The thesis, based on a longitudinal study of a qualitative and interpretative nature, proposes to investigate the university trajectory of 22 young people in private Higher Education Institutions in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2016 and 2020. These young people were interviewed at least twice during that period and have in common the fact that they are from low income. Most of them are the first in the family to enter in higher education. I analyzed the way in which these young people experienced the experience of consuming university services and also the interpersonal relationships that occurred in the university environment. The research is based on the marketing literature on service encounter and interactions between customers and also draws on literature from other areas of knowledge. From the perspective of low-income youth (outsiders), the symbolic character of higher education was identified and how these youth attribute meanings to it and seek to transfer these meanings to themselves. The symbolic character of higher education permeates the entire university trajectory: when entering university, in the experience of higher education during the course, at the time of graduation, and in the experience once completed the university. The results obtained also show that the presence of the other in the consumption environment impacts the way that consumption is experienced, especially high-income Higher