C’est en réinscrivant la notion d’engagement littéraire dans le contexte des années 1930, qui ont vu son émergence et sa mise en pratique, que nous nous proposons de rendre son caractère opérationnel à une expression trop souvent considérée comme contradictoire ou réductrice. Envisagée à travers des textes qui ont précédé la théorisation sartrienne – Le Monde réel d’Aragon, USA de Dos Passos et November 1918 de Döblin –, la notion d’engagement littéraire rend compte d’une écriture littéraire et d’une ambition politique qui ne se conçoivent que dans le rapport simultané de l’une à l’autre. Élaboré comme une réponse en acte à une situation jugée insupportable, le roman engagé des années 1930 apparaît comme le lieu de reconfigurations multiples : reconfiguration du regard porté sur le monde réel, dont le scandale est révélé en plein par la représentation romanesque ; reconfiguration de la langue de la nation et de l’entreprise narrative, redéfinies par opposition aux mésusages et aux manipulations des adversaires, et ainsi rénovées ; reconfiguration d’un espace politique intrinsèquement démocratique, dont la lecture permet l’expérimentation. / By inscribing the notion of literary commitment in the context of the 1930’s, which saw its apparition and its practice, we intend to restore the efficiency of an expression which is too often considered as the difficult conciliation between two areas supposedly antagonistic: politics and literature. Approached through novels which preceded Sartre’s theorization – Aragon’s The Real World, Dos Passos’ USA and Döblin’s November 1918 – the notion of literary commitment accounts for a literary writing and a political ambition which are only conceived in relation with one and another. Written as an answer in action to a situation considered as unbearable, the committed novel of the 1930’s appears as the place where multiple reconfigurations take place: reconfiguration of the perception of the real world, which scandal is revealed by the fictional representation; reconfiguration of the national language and of the narrative process, which are redefined by opposition to the misuses and the manipulations of the opponents; reconfiguration of a political space inherently democratic, experimented in the process of reading itself.

"Considerons une particule mobile se mouvant aleatoirement sur la droite (ou sur un segment de droite). Supposons qu'il existe une probabilite F(x,y;s,t) bien definie pour que la particule se trouvant a l'instant s dans la position x se trouve a l'instant t (> s) a gauche de y, probabilite independante du mouvement anterieur de la particule...." Mit diesen Worten beginnt eines der berühmtesten mathematischen Manuskripte des letzten Jahrhunderts. Es stammt vom Soldaten Wolfgang Döblin, Sohn des deutschen Schriftstellers Alfred Döblin, und trägt den Titel "Sur l'equation de Kolmogoroff". Seine Veröffentlichung verbindet sich mit einer unglaublichen Geschichte. Wolfgang Döblin, stationiert mit seiner Einheit in den Ardennen im Winter 1939/1940, arbeitete an diesem Manuskript. Er entschloss sich, es als versiegeltes Manuskript an die Academie des Sciences in Paris zu schicken. Aber er kehrte nie aus diesem Krieg zurück. Sein Manuskript blieb 60 Jahre unter Verschluss im Archiv, und wurde erst im Jahre 2000 geöffnet. Wie weit Döblin damit seiner Zeit voraus war, wurde erkannt, nachdem es von Bernard Bru und Marc Yor ausgewertet worden war. Im ersten Satz umschreibt W. Döblin gleichzeitig das Programm des Manuskripts: "Wir betrachten ein bewegliches Teilchen, das sich zufällig auf der Geraden (oder einem Teil davon) bewegt." Er widmet sich damit der Aufgabe, die Fundamente eines Gebiets zu legen, das wir heute als stochastische Analysis bezeichnen.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Costa Lima Kuhn.pdf: 427250 bytes, checksum: de426ae47fa069d54c50570f93512ca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Master's thesis intends to understand Alfred Döblin's novel Berlin Alexanderplatz through Walter Benjamin's critic analysis. In order to do so, it will scrutinize the concepts of novel, experience, montage, choc and epic thought by both authors, and also by their main influences, namely, Lukács and Brecht. The aspects of the montage on the actual novel will be deeply considered, mainly because Benjamin points out in an essay about Döblin's novel, named Krisis des Romans that the montage is one of the most relevant aspects the novel delivers to German literature on the Weimar republic period. It will also be presented the changes the Grosstadt shapes into the 20th century subjects and therefore into the novels they write and read, in particular, Berlin Alexanderplatz. And finally, an investigation regarding the political relations between both authors / Esta dissertação de mestrado pretende compreender o romance de Alfred Döblin, Berlin Alexanderplatz, através da análise crítica de Walter Benjamin. Para tanto, serão escrutinados os conceitos de romance, experiência, montagem, choque e épica elaborados por ambos os autores e também por suas principais influências, nomeadamente, Lukács e Brecht. Os aspectos da montagem no romance Berlin Alexanderplatz serão considerados em pormenores, principalmente por que Benjamin indica, em um ensaio sobre o romance de Döblin chamado Krisis des Romans , que a montagem é um dos aspectos mais relevantes que o romance à literatura alemã no período que compreende a República de Weimar. Também serão apresentadas a mudanças que a Grosstadt traz aos sujeitos do século XX e por consequência às novelas que estes leem e escrevem, em especial, Berlin Alexanderplatz. E finalmente, será feita uma investigação acerca das relações políticas de ambos autores

Berge Meere und Giganten (BMG) by Alfred Döblin is a fictional account of future events in which humanity brings about the ruin of western civilization by its own technological hubris. Although BMG has been examined considerably for its literary merit in light of the Döblin corpus, few scholars have identified Döblin's work as an apocalyptic text especially after the Judeo-Christian tradition. The apocalyptic nature of BMG implies a profound religious experience on the part of the author, which in my view offers at least one plausible explanation for Döblin's repeated fixation with BMG. In my thesis, I explicate the apocalyptic themes of BMG by considering the intertextuality of the apocryphal Book of the Watchers, the canonical Book of Revelation from the New Testament with some of its connections to Babylonian mythology, and finally the function of the author as a conduit of the literary tradition of apocalypticism. Ultimately, I demonstrate that BMG draws heavily from these apocalyptic texts and is consistent with the Judeo-Christian apocalyptic tradition, which utilizes the descriptions of macroscopic catastrophes in human history as a metaphor of spiritual transformation.

No description available.