• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 30
  • 3
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 40
  • 40
  • 11
  • 11
  • 11
  • 10
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação da coastcross-1 inoculada com Azospirillum brasilense / Evaluation of coastcross-1 inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

Aguirre, Priscila Flôres 22 February 2017 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Researches with the use of inoculants containing bacteria that promote plant growth have been increasing over the years, due to concerns about pollution and high costs of fertilizers. Therefore the objective of this research was to evaluate the forage yield, nutritive value, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the N recovery of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense subjected to cut. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, in a factorial scheme. The factors were the inoculation (without inoculation, inoculated just in the implantation and reinoculated in the second year), levels of nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg of N/ha/year) and periods of the years where cuts were made. Forage yield, daily accumulation rate, forage mass, botanical and structural pasture composition, crude protein content, in situ digestibility of organic matter and total digestible nutrients of Coastcross-1 were evaluated during two years. Forage yield without nitrogen fertilizer use in pastures was in the first year 9.1, 11.7 and 11.7 t of DM/ha, and in the second year 8.6, 11.2 and 11.5 t of DM/ha, to inoculation factor, respectively. The average Coastcross-1 contribution in pastures without nitrogen fertilization was 47.9, 58.5 and 62.7%, respectively to the inoculation. There was reduction in Coastcross-1 crude protein content when pasture fertilized with 200 kg of N/ha/year was inoculated. The forage yield and Coastcross-1 contribution rises with the inoculation without nitrogen fertilizers use; and reinoculation is not necessary. To evaluate BNF and the N recovery two treatments were considered for each variable. Evaluations were carried out during one year. To estimate the BNF the treatments were: Coastcross-1 inoculated and Coastcross-1 uninoculated, both without nitrogen fertilization. The biologically fixed nitrogen was 53.8 and 23.0 kg/ha/year for Coastcross-1 inoculated and uninoculated, respectively. In Coastcross-1 without nitrogen fertilization, inoculation elevates the BNF. To estimate the N recovery the treatments were: Coastcross-1 inoculated and Coastcross-1 uninoculated, both fertilized with 100 kg of N/ ha/year. Isotopic recovery of N was 16.5 and 13.7 kg/ha/year for Coastcross-1 inoculated and uninoculated, respectively. Inoculation increases recovery of N in Coastcross-1. The forage yield increase when don’t use nitrogen fertilizers with the inoculation is related to the increase of biological nitrogen fixation. / Pesquisas com o uso de inoculantes contendo bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal vêm aumentando ao longo dos anos, devido a preocupações com a poluição e o elevado custo dos fertilizantes. Desta forma, nesta pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar a produção de forragem, o valor nutritivo, a fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) e a recuperação do nitrogênio (N) fertilizante em pastos de Coastcross-1, inoculados com Azospirillum brasilense e submetidos ao regime de corte. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial. Os fatores foram o uso da inoculação (não inoculado, inoculado somente no plantio e reinoculado no segundo ano), doses de N (0, 100 e 200 kg de N/ha/ano) e os períodos do ano em que foram realizados cortes dos pastos. Avaliaram-se no decorrer de dois anos agrícolas a produção de forragem, a taxa de acúmulo de forragem, a massa de forragem, as composições botânica e estrutural do pasto, o teor de proteína bruta, a digestibilidade in situ da matéria orgânica e os nutrientes digestíveis totais da Coastcross-1. As produções de forragem, nos pastos sem aplicação de N, no primeiro ano, foram de 9,1; 11,7 e 11,7 t de MS/ha, e no segundo ano de 8,6; 11,2 e 11,5 t de MS/ha, para o fator inoculação, respectivamente. A participação média da Coastcross-1 nos pastos sem adubação nitrogenada foi de 47,9; 58,5 e 62,7%, respectivamente para o fator inoculação. Houve redução nos teores de proteína bruta da Coastcross-1, quando o pasto adubado com 200 kg de N/ha/ano foi inoculado. Há aumento na produção de forragem e na participação da Coastcross-1 com a inoculação na implantação dos pastos, quando não há aplicação de N, sendo que, a reinoculação não é necessária. Para a avaliação da FBN e da recuperação do N, foram considerados dois tratamentos para cada variável. As coletas foram realizadas durante um ano agrícola. Para a estimativa da FBN os tratamentos foram: a Coastcross-1 inoculada no plantio e a Coastcross-1 não inoculada, ambas sem adubação nitrogenada. O N biologicamente fixado foi de 53,8 e 23,0 kg/ha/ano para Coastcross-1 inoculada e não inoculada, respectivamente. A inoculação eleva a FBN na Coastcross-1 não submetida à adubação nitrogenada. Para a estimativa da recuperação do N aplicado os tratamentos foram: a Coastcross-1 inoculada no plantio e a Coastcross-1 não inoculada, ambas submetidas à adubação com 100 kg de N/ha/ano. A recuperação isotópica de N foi de 16,5 e 13,7 kg/ha/ano para Coastcross-1 inoculada e não inoculada, respectivamente. A inoculação aumenta a recuperação do N fertilizante aplicado pela Coastcross-1. A elevação da produção de forragem em pastos não submetidos à adubação nitrogenada causada pela inoculação tem relação com o aumento da FBN.
12

Estudo da sensibilização de cães com dermatite atópica na região central do Rio Grande do Sul / Sensitization study of the dogs with atopic dermatitis in central region of Rio Grande do Sul

Pereira, Desydere Trindade 12 February 2015 (has links)
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common dermatosis, defined as a genetic-based disease, which predisposes to cutaneous inflammation and pruritus, mediated by class IgE immunoglobulins directed against specific antigens in most cases. Clinical diagnosis may be later complemented by skin allergic and/or serological tests (ELISA). The aim of these tests is to identify possible allergens in order to enable the clinicians to select candidate antigens for allergen specific immunotherapy. This work aimed to identify the sensitization profile of 58 dogs with atopic dermatitis diagnosis. All animals were submitted to intradermic test (IDT) and screened for the presence of antibodies against different allergens using a serologic test. House dust mites are described as the most frequent allergens in all continents. However, the positivity to C. dactylon is not commonly described and may be characteristic for the region. With this work it was possible to identify the main allergens involved in the immunologic response of atopic dogs residing in Rio Grande do Sul, pointing to the importance to include C. dactylon in screening tests for allergy. / A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma dermatose comum, definida como uma doença de cunho genético que predispõe à inflamação e ao prurido cutâneo, mediada por imunoglobulinas da classe IgE dirigidas contra antígenos específicos na maior parte dos casos. O diagnóstico da DAC é clínico e pode ser posteriormente complementado por testes alérgicos cutâneos e/ou sorológicos. O objetivo desses testes é identificar possíveis alérgenos e, com isso, possibilitar ao clínico a seleção de antígenos candidatos para a imunoterapia alérgeno-específica. No presente trabalho buscou-se identificar o perfil de sensibilização de 58 cães diagnosticados com dermatite atópica. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao teste intradérmico (TID) e à detecção de anticorpos específicos para diferentes alérgenos através de teste sorológico (ELISA). Os ácaros domiciliares são descritos como os alérgenos mais frequentes em todos os continentes. Entretanto, a positividade ao C. dactylon não é usualmente descrita e pode ser característica da região. Com esse trabalho foi possível identificar os principais alérgenos envolvidos na resposta imunológica de cães atópicos residentes no Rio Grande do Sul, ressaltando-se a importância da inclusão do extrato de C. dactylon em testes alérgicos.
13

Caracterização do lodo de estações de tratamento de água de Porto Alegre/RS / Characterization of sludge of water treatment stations os Porto Alegre/RS

Acquolini, Gabriela Tirello January 2017 (has links)
O grande adensamento antrópico nas metrópoles tem aumentado a contaminação e a poluição dos recursos hídricos, que na maioria das vezes abastecem esta mesma população. Com isso, o saneamento básico e seus resíduos relacionados, como o lodo das Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA) devem ter uma destinação ambientalmente adequada, uma vez que possuem na sua composição predominantemente orgânica, agrotóxicos, metais e produtos químicos. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar o lodo residual de duas estações de tratamento de água do município de Porto Alegre (RS), por meio de análises químicas, biológicas e físicas do lodo, assim como determinar o efeito do lodo em plantas ornamentais a partir da sua disposição no solo. Em complementação foi também realizado a avaliação de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água do manancial de captação: Guaíba. O lodo foi submetido a análises laboratoriais para diagnóstico de presença de metais, agrotóxicos, coliformes fecais, bem como análises microscópicas e de difratometria de raios X. Além disso, o lodo foi disposto em um Latossolo, com o cultivo de duas espécies ornamentais: Cynodon dactylon e Lobularia marítima (L.) Desv. Também foram realizadas análises de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água em 28 pontos do Guaíba. Os resultados da análise do lodo residual de duas ETAs identificaram elevadas concentrações de carbono orgânico e de coliformes fecais e não houve detecção de agrotóxicos, classificando o lodo como resíduo Classe II-A – Não-inerte. O uso diluído de lodo no solo em diferentes concentrações não influenciou significativamente a produção de matéria seca de Cynodon dactylon e Lobularia marítima (L.) Desv. A água no lago Guaíba apresenta diferentes níveis de qualidade, sendo que a região mais ao norte do lago apresenta uma qualidade inferior à região sul, que se aproxima da foz. A região próxima ao centro de Porto Alegre é onde a qualidade da água é menor, com destaque para a presença de coliformes fecais em grande quantidade. Entre as fontes de poluição pontual destaca-se a contribuição do Arroio Dilúvio. / The population increase in the big cities has increased contamination and pollution of water resources, which usually could be used to supply this same population. Basic sanitation and its related waste, such as water treatment plant sludge (ETA), must have an environmentally appropriate destination, since they have predominantly organic composition, agrochemicals, metals and chemicals. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the residual sludge from two water treatment plants in the city of Porto Alegre (RS), by means of the Guaíba water quality assessment, using chemical, biological and physical analyzes of the sludge as well to determine the effect of sludge addiction to the soil on ornamental plants growth. The sludge was subjected to laboratory analysis to diagnose the presence of metals, pesticides, fecal coliforms, as well as microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the sludge was disposed in an Oxisol, with the cultivation of two ornamental plants: Cynodon Dactylon and Lobularia maritime (L.) Desv. Guaíba water quality analyzes were also carried out. The results of the residual sludge analysis of two ETAs identified high concentrations of organic carbon and fecal coliforms and no pesticides were detected, classifying the sludge as Class II-A non-inert residue. The diluted use of soil sludge in different concentrations not influenced significantly the dry matter production of Cynodon dactylon and Lobularia maritime (L.) Desv. The water in Lake Guaíba presents different levels of quality, being that the region more to the north of the lake presents a inferior quality to the south region, that approaches the mouth. The region near the downtown of Porto Alegre is more polluted and the quality of water is lower, especially by the presence of fecal coliforms in great quantity. Dilúvio strem is among the main punctual sources of pollution of the Guaiba Lake.
14

Effects of Trinexapac-ethyl and Winter Overseeding on the Morphological Characteristics and Traffic Tolerance of Bermudagrass Cultivars

Haselbauer, William D 01 May 2010 (has links)
Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] are some of the most common turfgrasses used on athletic fields. Subsequently, the traffic tolerance of commercially available cultivars and the effects of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on bermudagrass athletic fields with or without perennial ryegrass are often limited. A two year study at the University of Tennessee was conducted under simulated athletic field traffic to evaluate the performance of bermudagrass cultivars as affected by TE and overseeding. Bermudagrass cultivars evaluated were Tifway, Riviera, Patriot, and Celebration. TE treatments consisted of an untreated control, TE at 76.3 g a.i. ha-1 every 14 days until 14 days prior to trafficking (TE A), and TE at 76.3 g a.i. ha-1 every 14 days until 14 days after trafficking (TE B). Overseeding treatments consisted of no overseeding and overseeding at 670 kg ha-1 of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plots were rated for percent green cover using digital image analysis after every 5 traffic events. Soil physical characteristic measurements were performed after every traffic season. Morphological data was determined by measuring number of leaves, internode lengths, leaf angle, and leaf width of the bermudagrass. Cultivar was significant for percent green cover for both years of this study with Tifway and Celebration having the highest ratings and Patriot having the lowest rating. TE was also significant for percent green cover for the first 10 traffic events with TE treatment B having lower percent cover values. Morphological characteristic was significant for leaf angle for both years of the study. A more vertical leaf angle to the shoot occurred in the more traffic resistant cultivars Tifway and Celebration. Finally, both TE treatments yielded higher percent green cover values in 2008 when morphological characteristic data was collected and a more vertical leaf angle to the shoot occurred compared to the untreated control. Tifway, Celebration, and Riviera when applied with trinexapac-ethyl before the traffic season and overseeded with perennial ryegrass would be beneficial for athletic field managers.
15

Effects of Trinexapac-ethyl and Winter Overseeding on the Morphological Characteristics and Traffic Tolerance of Bermudagrass Cultivars

Haselbauer, William D 01 May 2010 (has links)
Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] are some of the most common turfgrasses used on athletic fields. Subsequently, the traffic tolerance of commercially available cultivars and the effects of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on bermudagrass athletic fields with or without perennial ryegrass are often limited. A two year study at the University of Tennessee was conducted under simulated athletic field traffic to evaluate the performance of bermudagrass cultivars as affected by TE and overseeding. Bermudagrass cultivars evaluated were Tifway, Riviera, Patriot, and Celebration. TE treatments consisted of an untreated control, TE at 76.3 g a.i. ha-1 every 14 days until 14 days prior to trafficking (TE A), and TE at 76.3 g a.i. ha-1 every 14 days until 14 days after trafficking (TE B). Overseeding treatments consisted of no overseeding and overseeding at 670 kg ha-1 of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plots were rated for percent green cover using digital image analysis after every 5 traffic events. Soil physical characteristic measurements were performed after every traffic season. Morphological data was determined by measuring number of leaves, internode lengths, leaf angle, and leaf width of the bermudagrass. Cultivar was significant for percent green cover for both years of this study with Tifway and Celebration having the highest ratings and Patriot having the lowest rating. TE was also significant for percent green cover for the first 10 traffic events with TE treatment B having lower percent cover values. Morphological characteristic was significant for leaf angle for both years of the study. A more vertical leaf angle to the shoot occurred in the more traffic resistant cultivars Tifway and Celebration. Finally, both TE treatments yielded higher percent green cover values in 2008 when morphological characteristic data was collected and a more vertical leaf angle to the shoot occurred compared to the untreated control. Tifway, Celebration, and Riviera when applied with trinexapac-ethyl before the traffic season and overseeded with perennial ryegrass would be beneficial for athletic field managers.
16

WEAR TOLERANCE OF SEEDED AND VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED BERMUDA GRASSES UNDER SIMULATED ATHLETIC TRAFFIC

Bayrer, Theresa A. 01 January 2006 (has links)
The use of seed-propagated bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], particularly for athletic fields, is rapidly increasing. Recently developed seeded cultivars have been bred for improved turfgrass quality (finer texture, darker green color, etc.) and for increased cold tolerance, but their ability to tolerate wear has not been investigated. This study was conducted to determine if three seeded cultivars could tolerate simulated athletic wear as well as one vegetative cultivar commonly used in Kentucky. The seeded cultivars, Riviera, Princess 77 and Yukon were planted at 24.4 and 48.8 kg PLS ha-1 and the vegetative cultivar Quickstand was sprigged at 1250 and 2500 bu ha-1 in the second week of June. Beginning at the end of August each year (in conjunction with the Kentucky high school football season), simulated wear treatments equivalent to either three, two, one or zero football games wk-1, using a Brinkman traffic simulator, were imposed. Plots were then evaluated for turfgrass quality (TQ) and percent turfgrass cover (PC) through mid-November. The possibility that precipitation amounts and timing may have been a factor is the large end of season PC means is also examined. Final PC means for each season under the highest wear treatment were mixed with Princess 77 having a statistically greater mean (Pandlt;0.0001) of 42% than any other cultivar in 2002, where the 2003 results showed Riviera to have the statistically higher (Pandlt;0.0001) mean (71%) over the other cultivars. TQ ratings were inconsistent when used as a measure of wear tolerance. Stolon fresh weights were also measured between the cultivars as an examination of morphological characteristics that could be associated with wear tolerance, but were not statistically correlated (Pandgt;0.05) to a given cultivars wear tolerance ability.
17

Morfogênese e produção de fitomassa de cultivares do gênero Cynodon submetidos à doses crescentes de nitrogênio / Morphogenesis and biomass production of cultivars of Cynodon subjected to increasing levels of nitrogen

Morais Neto, Luiz Barreto de January 2013 (has links)
MORAIS NETO, Luiz Barreto. Morfogênese e produção de fitomassa de cultivares do gênero Cynodon submetidos à doses crescentes de nitrogênio. 2013. 62 f. Tese (doutorado em Zootecnia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T17:41:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_lbmoraisneto.pdf: 618693 bytes, checksum: d35afbd3c84d85bfacc29effe3d5a586 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T17:19:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_lbmoraisneto.pdf: 618693 bytes, checksum: d35afbd3c84d85bfacc29effe3d5a586 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T17:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_lbmoraisneto.pdf: 618693 bytes, checksum: d35afbd3c84d85bfacc29effe3d5a586 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / We evaluated the flow of biomass and its components in two cultivars of Cynodon (Tifton 85 grass and vaquero grass) fertilized with increasing levels of nitrogen (N) (control – without nitrogen; 200; 400 and 600 mg dm-3) under greenhouse conditions, in a completely randomized design, with factorial arrangement. Forages were studied during three regrowth cycles, with results presented as mean values of the cycles. In the study of the effect of nitrogen, Tifton 85 grass had a positive response to increasing levels of N for the leaf elongation rate (LER). The vaquero grass showed a quadractic response for the LER with increasing levels of N. As for the stem elongation rate, there was an increasing linear response in both grasses according to increasing levels of N. The leaf senescence rate (LSR) of the Tifton 85 grass has been enhanced by nitrogen fertilization. The vaquero grass revealed a quadractic response for this variable with nitrogen fertilization, with a minimum value of 0.96 cm tiller-1 day-1 with nitrogen level of 42.5 mg dm-3. The phyllochron and the total number of leaves of both grasses have been influenced by nitrogen fertilization, with downward and upward linear responses, respectively, with increasing levels of nitrogen. For the final mean leaf length (MLL) of both forages, we verified an increasing response with increasing levels of nitrogen. Tifton 85 grass and vaquero grass presented similar LER in the absence of nitrogen, but higher values were observed for the fertilized Tifton 85 grass. A difference was detected between forages for culm elongation rate (CER) and LSR in all levels studied, with higher values for the vaquero grass. The Tifton 85 grass had greater phyllochron for all levels of nitrogen studied. The vaquero grass showed a greater NTF compared with Tifton 85 grass in all nitrogen levels examined. The Tifton 85 grass presented higher MLL for all levels of nitrogen studies. In relation to the effect of nitrogen fertilization, Tifton 85 grass and vaquero grass presented increasing responses to N levels for the biomass of total forage (BTF), of green forage (BGF), of green leaf blade (BGL), of green culm (BGC), of dry forage (BDF) and of tiller population density (TPD). There was a greater production of BTF, BGF, BGC and BDF for the vaquero grass in all N levels. A higher production of BGL was observed in the Tifton 85 grass in all evaluated levels of N. We verified a greater TPD of the vaquero grass for all levels of N. The Tifton 85 grass showed a higher BL/C ratio for all levels of N evaluated. The nitrogen fertilization provides positive responses of the biomass flow and forage production of Tifton 85 grass and vaquero grass under the conditions of the present study. The vaquero grass proved to be better than Tifton 85 grass in the characteristics stem elongation, leaf senescence, total number of leaves and biomass production (total forage, green forage and culm). However, the Tifton 85 grass is superior as for the leaf elongation, phyllochron, leaf length, and leaf biomass production in the nitrogen levels evaluated. / Objetivou-se avaliar o fluxo de biomassa e os componentes da biomassa de dois cultivares do gênero Cynodon (capim-Tifton 85 e capim-vaquero) adubados com doses crescentes de nitrogênio (N) (controle - sem nitrogênio; 200; 400 e 600 mg dm-3) em condições de casa de vegetação, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial. As forrageiras foram estudas durante três ciclos de rebrotação, com os resultados apresentados na média dos ciclos. No estudo do efeito da adubação nitrogenada, o capim-Tifton 85 apresentou para a taxa de alongamento foliar (TAlF) resposta crescente às doses de N. O capim-vaquero apresentou resposta quadrática para TAlF com o incremento das doses de nitrogênio. Analisando-se a taxa de alongamento dos colmos, verificou-se resposta linear crescente para ambas as gramíneas com o aumento das doses de nitrogênio. A taxa de senescência foliar (TSF) do capim-Tifton 85 foi incrementada pela adubação nitrogenada. O capim-vaquero revelou para TSF resposta quadrática com a adubação nitrogenada, com valor mínimo de 0,96 cm perf-1 dia-1 na dose de nitrogênio de 42,5 mg dm-3. O filocrono e o número total de folhas do capim-Tifton 85 e do capim-vaquero foram influenciados pela adubação nitrogenada, revelando resposta linear decrescente e crescente, respectivamente, com o incremento nas doses de nitrogênio. Para o comprimento médio final das folhas (CMF) das duas forrageiras, constatou-se resposta crescente com a elevação nas doses de nitrogênio. Os capins-Tifton 85 e vaquero apresentaram TAlF semelhante na ausência de nitrogênio, porém para as plantas adubadas verificou-se valores superiores para o capim-Tifton 85. Para a TAlC e TSF constatou-se diferença entre as forrageiras em todas as doses estudadas, com maiores valores para o capim-vaquero. O capim-Tifton 85 apresentou maior filocrono em comparação ao capim-vaquero para todas as doses de nitrogênio estudadas. O capim-vaquero apresentou maior NTF em comparação ao capim-Tifton 85 em todas as doses de nitrogênio estudadas. O capim-Tifton 85 apresentou maior CMF em comparação ao capim-vaquero para todas as doses de nitrogênio avaliadas. No estudo do efeito da adubação nitrogenada, os capins-Tifton 85 e vaquero apresentaram para as biomassas de forragem total (BFT), de forragem verde (BFV), de lâmina foliar verde (BLV), de colmo verde (BCV), de forragem morta (BFM) e densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP) respostas crescentes às doses de N. Observou-se maior produção de BFT, BFV, BCV e BFM para o capim-vaquero em comparação ao capim-Tifton 85 em todas as doses de N. Constataram-se maior produção de BLV do capim-Tifton 85 em relação ao capim-vaquero em todas as doses de N avaliadas. Constatou-se maior DPP do capim-vaquero em comparação ao capim-Tifton 85 para todas as doses de N. O capim-Tifton 85 apresentou maior relação LF/C em comparação ao capim-vaquero, para todas as doses de N. A adubação nitrogenada proporciona respostas positivas sobre o fluxo de biomassa e produção de forragem dos capins-Tifton 85 e vaquero nas condições do presente estudo. O capim-vaquero mostra-se superior ao capim-Tifton 85 nas características alongamento de colmo, senescência foliar, número total de folhas e produção de biomassa (forragem total, forragem verde e colmo) nas doses de nitrogênio estudadas. Contudo, o capim-Tifton 85 apresenta-se superior para o alongamento foliar, filocrono, comprimento das folhas e produção de biomassa foliar nas doses de nitrogênio avaliadas.
18

Caracterização do lodo de estações de tratamento de água de Porto Alegre/RS / Characterization of sludge of water treatment stations os Porto Alegre/RS

Acquolini, Gabriela Tirello January 2017 (has links)
O grande adensamento antrópico nas metrópoles tem aumentado a contaminação e a poluição dos recursos hídricos, que na maioria das vezes abastecem esta mesma população. Com isso, o saneamento básico e seus resíduos relacionados, como o lodo das Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA) devem ter uma destinação ambientalmente adequada, uma vez que possuem na sua composição predominantemente orgânica, agrotóxicos, metais e produtos químicos. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar o lodo residual de duas estações de tratamento de água do município de Porto Alegre (RS), por meio de análises químicas, biológicas e físicas do lodo, assim como determinar o efeito do lodo em plantas ornamentais a partir da sua disposição no solo. Em complementação foi também realizado a avaliação de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água do manancial de captação: Guaíba. O lodo foi submetido a análises laboratoriais para diagnóstico de presença de metais, agrotóxicos, coliformes fecais, bem como análises microscópicas e de difratometria de raios X. Além disso, o lodo foi disposto em um Latossolo, com o cultivo de duas espécies ornamentais: Cynodon dactylon e Lobularia marítima (L.) Desv. Também foram realizadas análises de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água em 28 pontos do Guaíba. Os resultados da análise do lodo residual de duas ETAs identificaram elevadas concentrações de carbono orgânico e de coliformes fecais e não houve detecção de agrotóxicos, classificando o lodo como resíduo Classe II-A – Não-inerte. O uso diluído de lodo no solo em diferentes concentrações não influenciou significativamente a produção de matéria seca de Cynodon dactylon e Lobularia marítima (L.) Desv. A água no lago Guaíba apresenta diferentes níveis de qualidade, sendo que a região mais ao norte do lago apresenta uma qualidade inferior à região sul, que se aproxima da foz. A região próxima ao centro de Porto Alegre é onde a qualidade da água é menor, com destaque para a presença de coliformes fecais em grande quantidade. Entre as fontes de poluição pontual destaca-se a contribuição do Arroio Dilúvio. / The population increase in the big cities has increased contamination and pollution of water resources, which usually could be used to supply this same population. Basic sanitation and its related waste, such as water treatment plant sludge (ETA), must have an environmentally appropriate destination, since they have predominantly organic composition, agrochemicals, metals and chemicals. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the residual sludge from two water treatment plants in the city of Porto Alegre (RS), by means of the Guaíba water quality assessment, using chemical, biological and physical analyzes of the sludge as well to determine the effect of sludge addiction to the soil on ornamental plants growth. The sludge was subjected to laboratory analysis to diagnose the presence of metals, pesticides, fecal coliforms, as well as microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the sludge was disposed in an Oxisol, with the cultivation of two ornamental plants: Cynodon Dactylon and Lobularia maritime (L.) Desv. Guaíba water quality analyzes were also carried out. The results of the residual sludge analysis of two ETAs identified high concentrations of organic carbon and fecal coliforms and no pesticides were detected, classifying the sludge as Class II-A non-inert residue. The diluted use of soil sludge in different concentrations not influenced significantly the dry matter production of Cynodon dactylon and Lobularia maritime (L.) Desv. The water in Lake Guaíba presents different levels of quality, being that the region more to the north of the lake presents a inferior quality to the south region, that approaches the mouth. The region near the downtown of Porto Alegre is more polluted and the quality of water is lower, especially by the presence of fecal coliforms in great quantity. Dilúvio strem is among the main punctual sources of pollution of the Guaiba Lake.
19

Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência em espécies de grama / Selectivity of post-emergence herbicides applied on turfgrasses species

Dias, Roque de Carvalho 23 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by ROQUE DE CARVALHO DIAS (roquediasagro@gmail.com) on 2018-04-20T00:59:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Roque 1.pdf: 5566286 bytes, checksum: 6c72537f585638e2c9c641329d843ab1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-04-20T12:21:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_rc_me_botfca.pdf: 5488383 bytes, checksum: 9135485526aa6ccb4ff2034a5d777818 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T12:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_rc_me_botfca.pdf: 5488383 bytes, checksum: 9135485526aa6ccb4ff2034a5d777818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As plantas daninhas interferem nos gramados, prejudicando a sua formação, estabelecimento, qualidade e estética. Destaca-se dentre as diversas técnicas o uso de herbicidas, entretanto, são escassas as informações referentes a seletividade desses produtos em gramados. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre as espécies Axonopus compressus (grama São Carlos), Paspalum notatum (grama Batatais), Zoysia japonica (grama Esmeralda) Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis (grama Bermuda - Tifton 419). Foram realizados dois experimentos, todos em casa de vegetação e repetidos em diferentes momentos. As quatro espécies de grama foram transplantadas em vasos com capacidade de 2 L e aos 40 dias após o transplantio foram realizadas as aplicações dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos constituíram-se pela aplicação de 13 herbicidas (g i.a. ha-1): chlorimuron-ethyl (15); halosulfuron (112,5); imazapyr (125,0); metsulfuron-methyl (2,4); dicamba (288); triclopyr (600); 2,4-D (2010); clomazone nas formulações convencional e microencapsulada (1200); atrazine (1250); bentazon (600); flumioxazin (30); sulfentrazone (600), além de tratamento controle (sem aplicação de herbicida) para cada espécie estudada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As avaliações da taxa de cobertura verde (TCV) das espécies de gramas foram realizadas aos 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 41, 48, 55 e 62 dias após a aplicação (DAA); altura e fitointoxicação nos mesmos período da TCV exceto ao 0 DAA. Avaliou-se também aos teores de clorofila total e carotenoides aos 9, 18 e 27 DAA e biomassa seca das aparas aos 27 e 62 DAA. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, sendo para os teores de clorofila total e biomassa seca das aparas, às médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p≤0,05). Já os resultados de TCV, fitointoxicação e altura dos herbicidas os dados da diferença mínima significativa (DMS) foram representadas nos gráficos. Os efeitos dos herbicidas observados nas diferentes espécies de grama foi dependente da espécie, herbicida, época e recuperação do gramado. Os herbicidas que apresentaram potencial de seletividade para o gramado de A. compressus e P. notatum foram a atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl e sulfentrazone. Já para o gramado de Z. japonica foram considerados atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl e 2,4-D flumioxazin e sulfentrazone. Com exceção do triclopyr, os produtos seletivos para Z. japonica podem também ser considerados seletivos para a grama Tifton 419. / Weeds interfere with turfgrass, hampering their formation, establishment, quality and aesthetics. Among the several techniques, the use of herbicides stands out, however, the information regarding the selectivity of these products in turfgrass is scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence on the species Axonopus compressus (broadleaf carpetgrass), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass), Zoysia japonica (japanese lawn grass), Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis (bermudagrass -Tifton 419). Two studies were conducted, all in a greenhouse and repeated at different times. The four turfgrass species were transplanted in vessels with a capacity of 2 L and at 40 days after transplanting the applications of the treatments. The treatments consisted of the application of 13 herbicides (g i.a. ha-1): chlorimuron-ethyl (15); halosulfuron (112.5); imazapyr (125.0); metsulfuron-methyl (2.4); dicamba (288); triclopyr (600); 2,4-D (2010); clomazone in conventional and microencapsulated formulations (1200); atrazine (1250); bentazon (600); flumioxazin (30); sulfentrazone (600), in addition to control treatment (without herbicide application) for each species studied. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The green cover rate (TCV) evaluations of the turfgrass species were performed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 41, 48, 55 and 62 days after application (DAA); and height and phytointoxication, in the same TCV period, except for 0 DAA. The levels of total chlorophyll and carotenoids were evaluated at 9, 18 and 27 DAA and dry biomass of the shavings at 27 and 62 DAA. The obtained data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, being the total chlorophyll content and dry biomass of the chips, compared to the Tukey test (p≤0.05). On the other hand, the results of TCV, phytotoxification and herbicide height showed the minimum significant difference data (DMS). It was observed that the selectivity of the herbicides was dependent on turfgrass species, herbicide, season and plants recovery. The herbicides with selectivity potential for P. notatum e A. compressus were atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl e sulfentrazone. For the Z. japonica were, atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, sulfentrazone and 2,4-D. With the exception of triclopyr, selective products for Z. japonica can also be considered selective for Tifton 419 tufgrass.
20

Avaliação de dez gramíneas forrrageiras na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo /

Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega. January 2001 (has links)
Orientador: Luís Roberto de Andrade Rodrigues / Resumo: O experimento foi desenvolvido de novembro de 1995 a julho de 1997, no município de Piacatu, região de Araçatuba - SP. Os tratamentos corresponderam a dez gramíneas forrageiras e 12 épocas de corte. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições, estudando-se nas parcelas os seguintes capins: capim-Tifton 68 (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst cv. Tifton 68), capim- Tifton 78 (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Tifton 78), capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85), capim-Florakirk (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Florakirk), capim-Florico (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florico), capim-Florona (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florona), capim-Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Coastcross 1), capim-Tifton 9 (Paspalum notatum Flüegge cv. Tifton 9), capim-Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich) Stapf cv. Marandu) e capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia 1) e, nas subparcelas, as 12 épocas de corte. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: produção de massa seca (PMS), produção de massa seca de lâminas foliares (PMSLF), porcentagem de lâminas foliares (%LF), taxa de crescimento, teor e rendimento de proteína bruta (PB), teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), teor de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e a digestibilidade "in vitro" da matéria seca (DIVMS). A PMS acumulada não diferiu (P>0,05) entre as espécies forrageiras. A PMS diferiu (P<0,05) entre as espécies forrageiras na estação das águas e na estação seca. Produções mais elevadas de MS foram obtidas na estação das águas, quando o capim- Tifton 85 foi superior (P<0,05) ao capim-Florico, não diferindo dos demais. Os resultados de PMSLF apresentados na estação chuvosa e seca diferiram (P<0,05) entre as forrageiras, observando-se que os valores mais elevados foram aqueles obtidos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The experiment was carried out in the Northwest region of the State of São Paulo to evaluate ten grasses recently introduced in the region. The grasses studied were: Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst cv. Tifton 68, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Tifton 78, Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Florakirk, Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florico, Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florona, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Coastcross, Paspalum notatum Flüegge cv. Tifton 9, Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia 1. The following variables were determined in two dry and two wet seasons: dry-matter (DM) production, DM production of leaf-blades (DMLB), percentage of leaf-blades, growth rate, "in vitro" dry-matter digestibility (IVDMD), yield of crude protein (CP) and the contents of CP, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The accumulated DM production did not differ (P>0.05) among the grasses evaluated. The DM production differed (P<0.05) among the grasses in the wet-season and in the dry-season. Higher DM production were obtained in the wet-season, being the production of the cv. Tifton 85 greater (P<0.05) than that of Floricograss, but it did not differ of the other grasses. The DMLB presented in the wet and dry-seasons differed (P<0.05) among the grasses, being the higher values obtained in the wet season. In this season the DMLB of the cvs. Tifton 9 and Tanzânia were higher (P<0.05) than the production of the other grasses. The species evaluated showed similar growth rates. Higher contents of CP (125 to 145 g.kg-1) were observed in the cultivars of the genus Cynodon in the wet season. In the dry-season, contents of CP lower than 110 g.kg-1 were observed only in the cvs. Tanzânia (101 g.kg-1) and Marandu (97g.kg-1). Higher values of NDF were observed...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Page generated in 0.046 seconds