In this study, possible cleaner production opportunities for a dairy processing facility are examined, considering the market milk production process. Cleaner production concept and its key tools of implementation were analyzed to build the basis of study. General production process and its resulting environmental loads are discussed by taking possible CP opportunities as the axis of study. A methodology is developed for cleaner production opportunity assessment in Milk Processing Facility of Atat&uuml / rk Orman Ciftligi. The methodology covers two major steps / preparation of checklists for assisting auditing and opportunity assessment / implementation of the mass balance analysis. For mass balance analysis, measurements and experimental analysis of the mass flows are utilized to determine the inputs and outputs. Prepared check lists are utilized to determine waste reduction options that could be implemented. Selected opportunities are evaluated considering its environmental benefits and economic feasibility.

<p>Background: As Porter’s diamond (1990) suggested, the business environment highly influences firms’ strategies. Today, most of the companies have to decide their strategy depending from a worldwide business environment. Yet, strategy researches and the growing importance of marketing for business success also show that customer dimension must be taken into consideration. On some markets and in certain industries, the offer is much higher than the demand and then, companies need to attract customers. On the national level, companies multiply customer surveys in order to reach their expectations. On the global level, this is more complicated. Adaptation seeks to customise product offerings to be more tailored to a particular culture’s needs and tastes, and thus, can gather a greater market share than would be allowed by offering only a standardised product. In this thesis, we decide to look deeper at industry circumstances, corporation’s customisation strategies and competitive advantages of customisation in order to know whether companies can use customisation to be more profitable. We also want to investigate how the development situation of the industry and the function of customer orientation influence the company’s strategies; and how companies use their customer adaptation strategies to adapt their products and marketing to local markets. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of our work is to develop companies’ awareness on the effects of customisation and of adapting their products to customer behaviours by developing customers’ point of view and by comparing it to companies’ strategies. </p><p>Results: According to the research results, Nestlé has adopted the customised strategies to adapt to French and Chinese dairy markets. Based on the Sheth’s model, we refined a new model by completing Sheth’s one with two dimensions - customer focus dimension and market type dimension. We characterised the customer orientation strategy and the standardisationstrategy, which are the two principal choices the companies need to do regarding the product design. Moreover, to add a new element in those well-known strategies, we introduced a nuance into the corporate strategies depending on the aiming market situation.</p>

Background: As Porter’s diamond (1990) suggested, the business environment highly influences firms’ strategies. Today, most of the companies have to decide their strategy depending from a worldwide business environment. Yet, strategy researches and the growing importance of marketing for business success also show that customer dimension must be taken into consideration. On some markets and in certain industries, the offer is much higher than the demand and then, companies need to attract customers. On the national level, companies multiply customer surveys in order to reach their expectations. On the global level, this is more complicated. Adaptation seeks to customise product offerings to be more tailored to a particular culture’s needs and tastes, and thus, can gather a greater market share than would be allowed by offering only a standardised product. In this thesis, we decide to look deeper at industry circumstances, corporation’s customisation strategies and competitive advantages of customisation in order to know whether companies can use customisation to be more profitable. We also want to investigate how the development situation of the industry and the function of customer orientation influence the company’s strategies; and how companies use their customer adaptation strategies to adapt their products and marketing to local markets. Purpose: The purpose of our work is to develop companies’ awareness on the effects of customisation and of adapting their products to customer behaviours by developing customers’ point of view and by comparing it to companies’ strategies. Results: According to the research results, Nestlé has adopted the customised strategies to adapt to French and Chinese dairy markets. Based on the Sheth’s model, we refined a new model by completing Sheth’s one with two dimensions - customer focus dimension and market type dimension. We characterised the customer orientation strategy and the standardisationstrategy, which are the two principal choices the companies need to do regarding the product design. Moreover, to add a new element in those well-known strategies, we introduced a nuance into the corporate strategies depending on the aiming market situation.

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Agrarmärkte sind oft durch Unsicherheit gekennzeichnet - hervorgerufen vor allem durch Zufallsschwankungen in Angebot und Nachfrage. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie besteht darin, die Konsequenzen solcher Unsicherheiten für die Bewertung und Gestaltung der vor einer grundlegenden Neuausrichtung stehenden EU-Milchmarktpolitik zu untersuchen. Zunächst legen empirische Betrachtungen anhand der Zeitreihen verschiedener Marktgrößen nahe, dass Unsicherheit für die Akteure auf dem EU-Milchmarkt tatsächlich ein relevantes Phänomen ist. So sind etwa Preisschwankungen trotz der auf eine Marktstabilisierung ausgerichteten staatlichen Eingriffe zu beobachten. Anhaltspunkte konnten auch zu den Ursachen der Marktunsicherheiten gewonnen werden. Während Angebot und Nachfrage in der EU eine eher stabile Entwicklung aufweisen, neigen die internationalen Milchproduktmärkte zu Fluktuationen. Zur Analyse der Auswirkungen staatlicher Eingriffe auf dem Milchmarkt bei Unsicherheit dient ein stochastisches partielles Marktgleichgewichtsmodell. Das Modell bildet die spezifischen Strukturen des Milchmarkts mit dem Rohmilchangebot, der Milchverarbeitung und der Nachfrage nach den verschiedenen Milchprodukten ab. Zur Integration von Unsicherheit wird die Modellstruktur um stochastische Variablen in den Angebots- und Nachfragefunktionen erweitert. Mit Quotenregelung, Zöllen und Exporterstattungen lassen sich wesentliche Politikinstrumente untersuchen. Gegenstand der Betrachtungen sind mögliche Auswirkungen einer neuen multilateralen Handelsvereinbarung im Rahmen der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) sowie die Effekte dreier für den Milchmarkt formulierter Politikszenarien. Diese Politikoptionen sind die im Juni 2003 in Luxemburg beschlossene Agrarreform, eine in der Fachöffentlichkeit oft diskutierte Quotenkürzung und eine vollständige Liberalisierung des Milchmarkts samt Quotenabschaffung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass veränderte Preis- und Mengeneingriffe nicht nur zu Verschiebungen im Niveau von Zielgrößen, wie beispielsweise von Erzeugerpreisen und Erlösen in der EU und auf Drittlandsmärkten führen, sondern ebenso zu veränderten Streuungen. Zusätzliche Einsichten vermitteln die Ergebnisse darüber hinaus bezüglich der Unsicherheit in der Planung der öffentlichen Ausgaben am Milchmarkt und in der Vorhersage der Wohlfahrtseffekte von Politikänderungen. Gegenüber einer deterministischen Betrachtung wird eine Politikanalyse am Milchmarkt unter expliziter Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit damit komplexer und die Beurteilung von Politikoptionen differenzierter.