O presente trabalho consiste na investigação da idéia de “vida danificada” a partir de sua potencial expressão no campo do cinema. Vida danificada – beschädigten Leben – é um termo empregado por Adorno no subtítulo de uma de suas mais importantes obras, Minima Moralia, escrita nos anos 40, ainda antes do término da Guerra, e publicada em 1951. Nela, o autor, um dos representantes da Escola de Frankfurt, oferece um olhar preciso, ao mesmo tempo que assustador, sobre as diversas facetas de nossa cultura e sobre os mecanismos que levaram nossa sociedade a chegar ao estágio que chegou durante o período sombrio da escrita do livro. A idéia de vida danificada não cabe na categoria de conceito, e em nenhum momento Adorno refere-se a ela para delinear uma definição precisa. Simultaneamente, ele lança mão de imagens, cenas e outros tipos de expressões, no labirinto do pensamento, para fazer o texto operar suas idéias da forma mais esteticamente adequada e verdadeira possível. O objetivo do trabalho que se apresenta aqui é justamente, seguindo a esteira do pensamento de autores como Adorno e Benjamin, explorar a idéia de vida danificada, procurando compreender que relação isso tem com a forma como vivemos na contemporaneidade, perante as urgências de nosso tempo e as demandas da cultura. Para tanto, o cinema foi tomado como ferramenta, como lugar possível de encontro com as imagens que surgem a partir da vida danificada. Após uma longa etapa meditativa, onde foram observados centenas de filmes, três foram escolhidos, com o intuito de que se pudesse tecer comentários pertinentes ao cerne da pesquisa: “O Eclipse” [L’Eclisse] (1962), de Michelangelo Antonioni; “O Desprezo” [Le Mépris], de Jean-Luc Godard (1963); e “Um Homem Sério” [A Serious Man], de Joel e Ethan Coen (2009). Cada um dos três filmes foi tomado na sua singularidade e, a partir deles, foram compostos três ensaios, respectivamente, onde foi possível explorar questões de importância ética e estética, tanto imanentes aos filmes, quanto em relação ao conjunto das obras de seus respectivos autores. A opção pelo ensaio enquanto política de apresentação justifica-se pelo fato de ele constituir-se como gênero de escrita consoante com os propósitos desta pesquisa. O ensaio é um texto que se admite como inconcluso, fruto do esforço de lançar-se rumo a um país estrangeiro de idéias, em movimento de errância. A noção de constelação, que Benjamin empregará com destaque no prefácio epistemológico-crítico de “Origem do Drama Barroco Alemão”, também permeia este estudo, funcionando como pressuposto metodológico, produzindo a força de aproximar, pela escrita ensaística, idéias que habitam a mesma órbita. Dessa forma, temas discutidos ao longo do trabalho, como errância, mal, pensamento, incomunicabilidade, expressão, tradução e nostalgia, auxiliam a compor o que se acredita ser ao menos a centelha de imagens desenhadas a partir da vida danificada. / The present work consists on the search of the idea of “damaged life” from its potential expression in the field of cinema. Damaged life – beschädigten Leben – it’s a term employed by Adorno in the subheading of one of his most important works, Minima Moralia, written in the 40’s, yet before the end of the War, and published in 1951. On it, the author, one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School, offers a precise look, as well as frightening, on different aspects of our culture and on the devices that lead our society to the stage it arrived during the haunting period of the writing of the book. The idea of damaged life doesn’t fit in the category of a concept, and Adorno never refers to it to outline a precise definition. Simultaneously, he applies uses of images, scenes and other kinds of expressions, in the maze of thought, to make the text accomplish his ideas the most aesthetically proper and truest way possible. The goal of the work that it is presented here is precisely, following the step of thought of authors as Adorno and Benjamin, to explore the idea of damaged life, pursuing to understand its relationship to the way we live nowadays, facing the urgencies of our time and the demands of culture. Being so, cinema was taken as a tool, as an eventual place of encounter with the images from damaged life. After a long, meditative, stage, where hundreds of films were observed, three were chosen, with the purpose of composing commentaries fitting to the core of the research: “Eclipse” [L’Eclisse] (1962), by Michelangelo Antonioni; “Contempt” [Le Mépris], by Jean-Luc Godard (1963); and “A Serious Man” (2009), by Joel and Ethan Coen. Each of the three movies was taken in its singularity and, coming from them, three essays were composed, one for each movie, where it was possible to explore questions of ethical and aesthetical importance, both immanently to the films, as in relation to the ensemble of work from its concerning authors. The choice towards the essay as a politics of presentation it is justified by the fact that it is constituted as a writing genre consonant with the purposes of this research. The essay it is a text that recognizes itself as inconclusive, product of the effort of throwing oneself to a country that is foreign in ideas, in a wandering movement. The notion of constellation, which Benjamin will employ underliningly in the epistemological-critic preface of “Origin of German Tragic Drama” also pierces this study, functioning as a methodological key, producing the force of bringing together, through essayistic writing, ideas that inhabit the same orbit. This way, themes discussed throughout this work, as wandering, evil, thought, incommunicability, expression, translation and nostalgia aid to arrange what it is believed to be at least the spark of images drawn from damaged life.

ABREU, Wesley Carlos de. A filosofia moral em Adorno: sobre a vida danificada no mundo administrado. 2016. 129f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-23T11:50:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_wcabreu.pdf: 1176442 bytes, checksum: a6a6050bb8dd1b814ca4b9a018fa72ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T12:06:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_wcabreu.pdf: 1176442 bytes, checksum: a6a6050bb8dd1b814ca4b9a018fa72ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-23T12:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_wcabreu.pdf: 1176442 bytes, checksum: a6a6050bb8dd1b814ca4b9a018fa72ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / We seek to develop our research in the study of moral philosophy of Adorno, and from this perspective, search the Critical Theory of society, of which this philosopher grounded his thinking, and it will investigate the issue of damaged life in the world and given its established moral. To promote the methodology of this research, whose false life in the world and given his damaged morale of the individual in the world are given our interest, will follow the reading Minima Moralia: Reflections from damaged life. Theodor W. Adorno analyzes about the condition of human life in the contemporary world and tries to show that the "good life" practically disappeared from human relations. Thus, we present the arguments that the thought of the philosopher to his own moral philosophy. In the sense of "antimoral" of the forms set moral constraints of the system. When we read Minima Moralia, we realize the fragmentary character of the work, written by aphorisms, unveils in his exposure so the traces of a too fragmented reality, which could not be treated by Adorno otherwise than as part of a all that fell apart and which left nothing but small fragments. Thus arises the need to investigate more mundane details of the everyday life of individuals this problem. It is a critical, a complaint Adorno performs in the intimate society and interpersonal relationships when he presents revealing way the domineering character of society, the coldness and indifference of relations and committed barbarism. The study results led us to a possible ethics proposal Adorno, to talk about it, it brings a perspective of a "duty", urging that places like Auschwitz not happen again. So it does not return with new aspects of today's society, the philosopher proposes that let's not forget what happened -the past that is still the trauma of the witnesses, but also the resistance that leads to knowledge the new generations as a way to educate . / Procuramos desenvolver a nossa pesquisa no estudo da filosofia moral de Adorno, e desta perspectiva, buscar na Teoria Crítica da sociedade, da qual este filósofo fundamentou seu pensamento, e com ela pesquisaremos a temática da vida danificada no mundo administrado e sua moral estabelecida. Para fomentar a metodologia desta pesquisa, cuja vida falsa no mundo administrado e sua moral danificada do indivíduo no mundo administrado são o nosso interesse, seguirá na leitura da Minima Moralia: reflexões a partir da vida danificada. Theodor W. Adorno analisa a respeito da condição da vida humana no mundo contemporâneo e tenta mostrar que a “vida boa” praticamente desapareceu das relações humanas. Dessa forma, apresentamos os argumentos que apontam no pensamento do filósofo para uma filosofia moral própria. No sentido de uma “antimoral” da moral estabelecida pelas formas condicionantes do sistema. Quando lemos Minima Moralia, percebemos o caráter fragmentário da obra, escrita por meio de aforismos, desvela em seu modo de exposição os traços de uma realidade também fragmentada, a qual não poderia ser tratada por Adorno de outro modo a não ser como parte de uma totalidade que se desfez e do qual não restam senão pequenos fragmentos. Assim, surge a necessidade de investigar nos detalhes mais banais da vida cotidiana dos indivíduos esse problema. É uma crítica, uma denúncia que Adorno realiza no mais intimo da sociedade e suas relações interpessoais, quando ele apresenta de maneira desveladora o caráter dominador da sociedade, na frieza e indiferença das relações e na barbárie cometida. O resultado do estudo nos conduziu para uma possível proposta ética de Adorno, ao falar desse assunto, ele traz uma perspectiva de um “dever”, exortando que lugares como Auschwitz não voltem a acontecer. Para que isso não retorne com novos aspectos da sociedade atual, o filósofo propõe que não deixemos esquecer o que ocorreu - o passado que ainda é o trauma das testemunhas, mas também, a resistência que leva o ao conhecimento as novas gerações como forma de educar.

abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy is a popular technique that has been particularly useful in probing biological systems, especially with the invention of single molecule fluorescence. For example, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one tool that has been helpful in probing distances and conformational changes in biomolecules. In this work, important properties necessary in the quantification of FRET were investigated while FRET was also applied to gain insight into the dynamics of biological molecules. In particular, dynamics of damaged DNA was investigated. While damages in DNA are known to affect DNA structure, what remains unclear is how the presence of a lesion, or multiple lesions, affects the flexibility of DNA, especially in relation to damage recognition by repair enzymes. DNA conformational dynamics was probed by combining FRET and fluorescence anisotropy along with biochemical assays. The focus of this work was to investigate the relationship between dynamics and enzymatic repair. In addition, to properly quantify fluorescence and FRET data, photophysical phenomena of fluorophores, such as blinking, needs to be understood. The triplet formation of the single molecule dye TAMRA and the photoisomerization yield of two different modifications of the single molecule cyanine dye Cy3 were examined spectroscopically to aid in accurate data interpretation. The combination of the biophysical and physiochemical studies illustrates how fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to answer biological questions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2015

O presente trabalho consiste na investigação da idéia de “vida danificada” a partir de sua potencial expressão no campo do cinema. Vida danificada – beschädigten Leben – é um termo empregado por Adorno no subtítulo de uma de suas mais importantes obras, Minima Moralia, escrita nos anos 40, ainda antes do término da Guerra, e publicada em 1951. Nela, o autor, um dos representantes da Escola de Frankfurt, oferece um olhar preciso, ao mesmo tempo que assustador, sobre as diversas facetas de nossa cultura e sobre os mecanismos que levaram nossa sociedade a chegar ao estágio que chegou durante o período sombrio da escrita do livro. A idéia de vida danificada não cabe na categoria de conceito, e em nenhum momento Adorno refere-se a ela para delinear uma definição precisa. Simultaneamente, ele lança mão de imagens, cenas e outros tipos de expressões, no labirinto do pensamento, para fazer o texto operar suas idéias da forma mais esteticamente adequada e verdadeira possível. O objetivo do trabalho que se apresenta aqui é justamente, seguindo a esteira do pensamento de autores como Adorno e Benjamin, explorar a idéia de vida danificada, procurando compreender que relação isso tem com a forma como vivemos na contemporaneidade, perante as urgências de nosso tempo e as demandas da cultura. Para tanto, o cinema foi tomado como ferramenta, como lugar possível de encontro com as imagens que surgem a partir da vida danificada. Após uma longa etapa meditativa, onde foram observados centenas de filmes, três foram escolhidos, com o intuito de que se pudesse tecer comentários pertinentes ao cerne da pesquisa: “O Eclipse” [L’Eclisse] (1962), de Michelangelo Antonioni; “O Desprezo” [Le Mépris], de Jean-Luc Godard (1963); e “Um Homem Sério” [A Serious Man], de Joel e Ethan Coen (2009). Cada um dos três filmes foi tomado na sua singularidade e, a partir deles, foram compostos três ensaios, respectivamente, onde foi possível explorar questões de importância ética e estética, tanto imanentes aos filmes, quanto em relação ao conjunto das obras de seus respectivos autores. A opção pelo ensaio enquanto política de apresentação justifica-se pelo fato de ele constituir-se como gênero de escrita consoante com os propósitos desta pesquisa. O ensaio é um texto que se admite como inconcluso, fruto do esforço de lançar-se rumo a um país estrangeiro de idéias, em movimento de errância. A noção de constelação, que Benjamin empregará com destaque no prefácio epistemológico-crítico de “Origem do Drama Barroco Alemão”, também permeia este estudo, funcionando como pressuposto metodológico, produzindo a força de aproximar, pela escrita ensaística, idéias que habitam a mesma órbita. Dessa forma, temas discutidos ao longo do trabalho, como errância, mal, pensamento, incomunicabilidade, expressão, tradução e nostalgia, auxiliam a compor o que se acredita ser ao menos a centelha de imagens desenhadas a partir da vida danificada. / The present work consists on the search of the idea of “damaged life” from its potential expression in the field of cinema. Damaged life – beschädigten Leben – it’s a term employed by Adorno in the subheading of one of his most important works, Minima Moralia, written in the 40’s, yet before the end of the War, and published in 1951. On it, the author, one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School, offers a precise look, as well as frightening, on different aspects of our culture and on the devices that lead our society to the stage it arrived during the haunting period of the writing of the book. The idea of damaged life doesn’t fit in the category of a concept, and Adorno never refers to it to outline a precise definition. Simultaneously, he applies uses of images, scenes and other kinds of expressions, in the maze of thought, to make the text accomplish his ideas the most aesthetically proper and truest way possible. The goal of the work that it is presented here is precisely, following the step of thought of authors as Adorno and Benjamin, to explore the idea of damaged life, pursuing to understand its relationship to the way we live nowadays, facing the urgencies of our time and the demands of culture. Being so, cinema was taken as a tool, as an eventual place of encounter with the images from damaged life. After a long, meditative, stage, where hundreds of films were observed, three were chosen, with the purpose of composing commentaries fitting to the core of the research: “Eclipse” [L’Eclisse] (1962), by Michelangelo Antonioni; “Contempt” [Le Mépris], by Jean-Luc Godard (1963); and “A Serious Man” (2009), by Joel and Ethan Coen. Each of the three movies was taken in its singularity and, coming from them, three essays were composed, one for each movie, where it was possible to explore questions of ethical and aesthetical importance, both immanently to the films, as in relation to the ensemble of work from its concerning authors. The choice towards the essay as a politics of presentation it is justified by the fact that it is constituted as a writing genre consonant with the purposes of this research. The essay it is a text that recognizes itself as inconclusive, product of the effort of throwing oneself to a country that is foreign in ideas, in a wandering movement. The notion of constellation, which Benjamin will employ underliningly in the epistemological-critic preface of “Origin of German Tragic Drama” also pierces this study, functioning as a methodological key, producing the force of bringing together, through essayistic writing, ideas that inhabit the same orbit. This way, themes discussed throughout this work, as wandering, evil, thought, incommunicability, expression, translation and nostalgia aid to arrange what it is believed to be at least the spark of images drawn from damaged life.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Procuramos desenvolver a nossa pesquisa no estudo da filosofia moral de Adorno, e desta perspectiva, buscar na Teoria CrÃtica da sociedade, da qual este filÃsofo fundamentou seu pensamento, e com ela pesquisaremos a temÃtica da vida danificada no mundo administrado e sua moral estabelecida. Para fomentar a metodologia desta pesquisa, cuja vida falsa no mundo administrado e sua moral danificada do indivÃduo no mundo administrado sÃo o nosso interesse, seguirà na leitura da Minima Moralia: reflexÃes a partir da vida danificada. Theodor W. Adorno analisa a respeito da condiÃÃo da vida humana no mundo contemporÃneo e tenta mostrar que a âvida boaâ praticamente desapareceu das relaÃÃes humanas. Dessa forma, apresentamos os argumentos que apontam no pensamento do filÃsofo para uma filosofia moral prÃpria. No sentido de uma âantimoralâ da moral estabelecida pelas formas condicionantes do sistema. Quando lemos Minima Moralia, percebemos o carÃter fragmentÃrio da obra, escrita por meio de aforismos, desvela em seu modo de exposiÃÃo os traÃos de uma realidade tambÃm fragmentada, a qual nÃo poderia ser tratada por Adorno de outro modo a nÃo ser como parte de uma totalidade que se desfez e do qual nÃo restam senÃo pequenos fragmentos. Assim, surge a necessidade de investigar nos detalhes mais banais da vida cotidiana dos indivÃduos esse problema. à uma crÃtica, uma denÃncia que Adorno realiza no mais intimo da sociedade e suas relaÃÃes interpessoais, quando ele apresenta de maneira desveladora o carÃter dominador da sociedade, na frieza e indiferenÃa das relaÃÃes e na barbÃrie cometida. O resultado do estudo nos conduziu para uma possÃvel proposta Ãtica de Adorno, ao falar desse assunto, ele traz uma perspectiva de um âdeverâ, exortando que lugares como Auschwitz nÃo voltem a acontecer. Para que isso nÃo retorne com novos aspectos da sociedade atual, o filÃsofo propÃe que nÃo deixemos esquecer o que ocorreu - o passado que ainda à o trauma das testemunhas, mas tambÃm, a resistÃncia que leva o ao conhecimento as novas geraÃÃes como forma de educar.

O presente trabalho consiste na investigação da idéia de “vida danificada” a partir de sua potencial expressão no campo do cinema. Vida danificada – beschädigten Leben – é um termo empregado por Adorno no subtítulo de uma de suas mais importantes obras, Minima Moralia, escrita nos anos 40, ainda antes do término da Guerra, e publicada em 1951. Nela, o autor, um dos representantes da Escola de Frankfurt, oferece um olhar preciso, ao mesmo tempo que assustador, sobre as diversas facetas de nossa cultura e sobre os mecanismos que levaram nossa sociedade a chegar ao estágio que chegou durante o período sombrio da escrita do livro. A idéia de vida danificada não cabe na categoria de conceito, e em nenhum momento Adorno refere-se a ela para delinear uma definição precisa. Simultaneamente, ele lança mão de imagens, cenas e outros tipos de expressões, no labirinto do pensamento, para fazer o texto operar suas idéias da forma mais esteticamente adequada e verdadeira possível. O objetivo do trabalho que se apresenta aqui é justamente, seguindo a esteira do pensamento de autores como Adorno e Benjamin, explorar a idéia de vida danificada, procurando compreender que relação isso tem com a forma como vivemos na contemporaneidade, perante as urgências de nosso tempo e as demandas da cultura. Para tanto, o cinema foi tomado como ferramenta, como lugar possível de encontro com as imagens que surgem a partir da vida danificada. Após uma longa etapa meditativa, onde foram observados centenas de filmes, três foram escolhidos, com o intuito de que se pudesse tecer comentários pertinentes ao cerne da pesquisa: “O Eclipse” [L’Eclisse] (1962), de Michelangelo Antonioni; “O Desprezo” [Le Mépris], de Jean-Luc Godard (1963); e “Um Homem Sério” [A Serious Man], de Joel e Ethan Coen (2009). Cada um dos três filmes foi tomado na sua singularidade e, a partir deles, foram compostos três ensaios, respectivamente, onde foi possível explorar questões de importância ética e estética, tanto imanentes aos filmes, quanto em relação ao conjunto das obras de seus respectivos autores. A opção pelo ensaio enquanto política de apresentação justifica-se pelo fato de ele constituir-se como gênero de escrita consoante com os propósitos desta pesquisa. O ensaio é um texto que se admite como inconcluso, fruto do esforço de lançar-se rumo a um país estrangeiro de idéias, em movimento de errância. A noção de constelação, que Benjamin empregará com destaque no prefácio epistemológico-crítico de “Origem do Drama Barroco Alemão”, também permeia este estudo, funcionando como pressuposto metodológico, produzindo a força de aproximar, pela escrita ensaística, idéias que habitam a mesma órbita. Dessa forma, temas discutidos ao longo do trabalho, como errância, mal, pensamento, incomunicabilidade, expressão, tradução e nostalgia, auxiliam a compor o que se acredita ser ao menos a centelha de imagens desenhadas a partir da vida danificada. / The present work consists on the search of the idea of “damaged life” from its potential expression in the field of cinema. Damaged life – beschädigten Leben – it’s a term employed by Adorno in the subheading of one of his most important works, Minima Moralia, written in the 40’s, yet before the end of the War, and published in 1951. On it, the author, one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School, offers a precise look, as well as frightening, on different aspects of our culture and on the devices that lead our society to the stage it arrived during the haunting period of the writing of the book. The idea of damaged life doesn’t fit in the category of a concept, and Adorno never refers to it to outline a precise definition. Simultaneously, he applies uses of images, scenes and other kinds of expressions, in the maze of thought, to make the text accomplish his ideas the most aesthetically proper and truest way possible. The goal of the work that it is presented here is precisely, following the step of thought of authors as Adorno and Benjamin, to explore the idea of damaged life, pursuing to understand its relationship to the way we live nowadays, facing the urgencies of our time and the demands of culture. Being so, cinema was taken as a tool, as an eventual place of encounter with the images from damaged life. After a long, meditative, stage, where hundreds of films were observed, three were chosen, with the purpose of composing commentaries fitting to the core of the research: “Eclipse” [L’Eclisse] (1962), by Michelangelo Antonioni; “Contempt” [Le Mépris], by Jean-Luc Godard (1963); and “A Serious Man” (2009), by Joel and Ethan Coen. Each of the three movies was taken in its singularity and, coming from them, three essays were composed, one for each movie, where it was possible to explore questions of ethical and aesthetical importance, both immanently to the films, as in relation to the ensemble of work from its concerning authors. The choice towards the essay as a politics of presentation it is justified by the fact that it is constituted as a writing genre consonant with the purposes of this research. The essay it is a text that recognizes itself as inconclusive, product of the effort of throwing oneself to a country that is foreign in ideas, in a wandering movement. The notion of constellation, which Benjamin will employ underliningly in the epistemological-critic preface of “Origin of German Tragic Drama” also pierces this study, functioning as a methodological key, producing the force of bringing together, through essayistic writing, ideas that inhabit the same orbit. This way, themes discussed throughout this work, as wandering, evil, thought, incommunicability, expression, translation and nostalgia aid to arrange what it is believed to be at least the spark of images drawn from damaged life.

Ce travail de thèse vise à étudier l'endommagement de l'ADN, de la formation de lésions à leur réparation par des méthodes de modélisation moléculaire. Plusieurs projets ont pris forme dans ce contexte, lesquels peuvent être classés en trois grandes catégories. D'un côté, nous nous sommes intéressés la formation de lésions induites par des agents mutagènes. Nous avons étudié les mécanismes de formation de la 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8oxoG), mais aussi le caractère de photosensibilisateur endogène de la pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone (6-4PP), et la photosensibilisation de l'ADN par deux anti-inflammatoires : le kétoprofène et l'ibuprofène. D'un autre côté, les propriétés mécaniques de l'ADN endommagé ont été simulées. La structure de lésions complexes est d'une importance capitale pour comprendre la manière dont elles sont réparées. Malheureusement, seulement peu de structures RMN et cristallographiques sont disponibles à ce jour. Pour pallier à ce manque et obtenir des informations sur leur dynamique, nous avons étudié un panel de lésions complexes : les clusters de sites abasiques, les pontages inter-brins, et la photolésion 6-4PP. De même, nous nous sommes penchés sur les modes d'interaction de certaines polyamines avec l'ADN, ces molécules étant connues pour interagir avec la double hélice. Enfin, latroisième partie de cette thèse concerne les interactions ADN-enzyme de réparation. En perspective avec l'étude de clusters d'abasiques, nous avons étudié le comportement dynamique du même système, cette fois-ci en interaction avec l'endonucléase APE1. Nous nous sommes également penchés sur les interactions entre la glycosylase Fpg avec un oligonucléotide contenant un tandem de lésions 8-oxoG d'un côté, etun cluster de lésions 8-oxoG - site abasique de l'autre. Ces multiples projets ont permis l'accumulation de nouvelles connaissances à propos des lésions complexes de l'ADN, et ont également apporté un appuicomputationnel aux expérimentations, qui peuvent se révéler très délicates dans ce domaine. Nos résultats ouvrent de larges perspectives dans le domaine de la pharmacologie, la cosmétique et plus généralementla compréhension du vivant / This thesis work is focused on the theoretical modelling of DNA damages, from formation to repair. Several projects have been led in this framework, which can be sorted into three different parts. One on hand, we studied complex DNA reactivity. It included a study about 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8oxoG) mechanisms of formation, a project concerning the UV-induced pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone (6-4PP) endogenous photosensitizer features, and an other one about DNA photosensitizationby nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ie ketoprofen and ibuprofen). On the other hand, we investigated mechanical properties of damaged DNA. The structural signature of a DNA lesion is of major importance for their repair, unfortunately only few NMR and X-ray structures of such systems are available. In order to gain insights into their dynamical structure, we investigated a series of complex damages : clustered abasic sites, interstrand cross-links, and the 6-4PP photolesion. Likewise, we studied the interaction modes DNA with several polyamines, which are well known to interact with the double helix, but also with the perspective to model DNA-protein cross-linking. The third part concerned the study of DNA interactions with repair enzymes. In line with the structural study about clustered abasic sites, we investigated the dynamics of the same system, but this time interacting with the APE1 endonuclease. We also studied interactions between the Fpg glycosylase with an oligonucleotides containing tandem 8-oxoG on one hand and 8-oxoG - abasic site as multiply damaged sites. Thus, we shed new lights on damaged DNA reactivity, structure and repair, which provides perspectives for biomedicine and life's mechanisms understanding as we begin to describe nucleosomal DNA

Intumescent coating fire protection on steel structures is becoming widely popular in the UK and Europe. The current assessment for the fire protection performance method using the standard fire resistance tests is not accurate, owing to the reactive behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature. Moreover, the available intumescent coating temperature assessment method provided in the Eurocode for structural steel at elevated temperature does not incorporate the steel beam's behaviour and/or assessment for partial protection and/or damaged protection. The research work presented provides additional information. on the assessment of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperature. In the scope of the investigation on the thermal conductivity of intumescent coating, it was found that the computed average thermal conductivity was marginally sensitive to the density and emissivity at elevated temperature. However, the thermal conductivity was found to be reasonably sensitive to the differences in initial dft's (dry film thicknesses). In this research, a numerical model was developed using ABAQUS to mimic actual indicative test scenarios to predict and establish the temperature distribution and the structural fire resistance of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperatures. Intumescent coating actively shields when the charring process occurs when the surface temperature reaches approximately 250°C to 350°C. Maximum deflection and deflection failure times for each damage scenario were analyzed by applying specified loading conditions. It was also found that the structural fire resistance failure mode of intumescent coating on protected steel beams was particularly sensitive to the applied boundary conditions. Careful selection of nodes in the element was necessary to avoid numerical instability and unexpected numerical error during analysis. An assessment of various numerical models subjected to a-standard fire with partially protected 1 mm intumescent coating was analysed using ABAQUS. An available unprotected test result was used as a benchmark. The outcome suggests that the fire resistances of the beams were found to be sensitive to the location of the partial and/or damage protection. The overall fire resistance behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature was summarized in a 'typical deflection regression' curve. An extensive parametric analysis was performed on localized intumescent coating damage with various intumescent coating thicknesses between 0.5mm to 2.0mm. It was found that the average deflection was linear for the first 30 mins of exposure for all the variables, damage locations and intumescent thicknesses. It was concluded that a thicker layered intumescent coating may not be a better insulator or be compared to a much less thick intumescent coating at elevated temperature. The use of passive fire protection, however, does enhance the overall fire resistance of the steel beam, in contrast to a naked steel structure. The research work investigated the intumescent coating behaviour with different aspects of protection and damage and the outcome of the assessment provided a robust guide and additional understanding of the performance of intumescent coating at elevated temperature.

Most of existing North American bridge infrastructure is reported to be deficient. Present infrastructure management mainly relies on qualitative evaluation, where bridge safety and serviceability are judged through routine visual inspection. With the successive increase in the number of severely deficient bridges and the limited available resources, it is crucial to develop a performance-based quantitative assessment evaluation approach that enables an accurate estimation of aging bridges ultimate and seismic capacities and ensures their serviceability. Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of most of North American concrete infrastructure deterioration. Experimental investigations prove that reinforcement corrosion results in reduction of the steel reinforcement cross sectional area, localized (or global in very extreme cases) loss of bond action, concrete spalling, loss of core concrete confinement, and structural collapse. Field observations show that damage due to reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns is localized in highly affected zones by splash of deicing water. In this thesis, an innovative performance-based semi-quantitative assessment framework is developed using newly developed simplified nonlinear static and dynamic finite element analysis approaches. The framework integrates the bridge’s available design and after-construction information with enhanced inspection and additional material testing as sources for accurate input data. In order to evaluate the structural performance and the capacity of the corrosion-damaged bridge columns, four nonlinear static and dynamic analysis approaches have been developed: (i) simplified nonlinear sectional analysis (NLSA) approach that presents the basis of the analysis approaches to estimate the ultimate and seismic capacities, and serviceability of bridge columns; (ii) simplified nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) approach, which enables estimating the ultimate structural capacity of corrosion-damaged RC columns; (iii) simplified hybrid linear/nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis (SHDFEA) approach to evaluate the serviceability of the bridge; and, (iv) simplified non-linear seismic analysis (SNLSA) approach to evaluate the seismic capacity of the bridge columns. The four analysis approaches are verified by comprehensive comparisons with available test experimental and analytical results. The proposed semi-quantitative assessment framework suggests three thresholds for each performance measure of the evaluation limit states to be decided by the bridge management system team. Case studies are presented to show the integrity and the consistency of using the proposed assessment framework. The proposed assessment framework together with the analysis approaches provide bridge owners, practicing engineers, and management teams with simplified and accurate evaluation tools, which lead to reduce the maintenance/rehabilitation cost and provide better safety, and reduce the variation in the data collected using only traditional inspection methods.

Position of Victims within the Judiciary System of the Czech Republic By Eva Kaplova My Diploma Thesis pursues position of victims within the judicial system of the Czech Republic; especially from the point of view of statutes which the victims may wish to rely upon when seeking legal assistance. In this work, I describe and distinguish understanding of two basic concepts; the concept of an "aggrieved party" (an injured party) and, the concept of a "victim". I also take into consideration the rights to compensation already vested in the current Czech jurisdiction. I review and assess the laws currently in force, especially from the point of view of adequate protection of a victim; as compared to final amendments to the Czech Body of Law, to be enacted by 2013. I bring up numerous issues concerning primary and secondary victimisation. Furthermore, I compare some problematic issues concerning the victim from an international perspective, especially then within several states of the European Union. Finally, my Thesis brings up several suggestions of improving as well as increasing the threshold of victims' protection within the framework of the Judiciary of the Czech Republic.