Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_clistenes_antonio_guadagnin.pdf: 835986 bytes, checksum: 25fc3a6cc44435c193b1e97429759ec7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-23 / The family-based agriculture in the Western region of Santa Catarina State is characterized by a diversity of integrated crop-livestock systems, combining different uses and managements in a complex set of soil types. These systems can changes in their physical and hydrological properties and influence its physical qualities, including the capacity to storage of water available to crops. In the studied region, periods of water deficiencies frequently reduce the productivity of maize, the crop of major socioeconomic importance. This study complies a priority demand set in 2009 by Epagri UGT9 in the field of water resources management, focusing methods of catchment, storage and use of water in agriculture. Our goals were to analyze the changes in the soil's physical and hydrological properties in several production systems and the effects of water limitation on maize production. We analyzed the effect of land uses and management in the commonest soil types and on the readily available water storage and estimated the reduction in productivity due to water limitation in simulations, considering different seeding seasons. We conducted the research in 36 family-based properties in the West region of Santa Catarina State. We collected soil samples of three classes, in three land uses and management types, four properties and four soil layers (0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.40 e 0.40-0.60 m), totaling 144 samples, following a factorial design. We used the software ISAREG to calculate the water balance according to the Penman-Monteith/FAO methodology and estimated the loss of maize productivity for the seasons 1989/90 to 2010/11, simulating 19 different seeding dates and three different maturation cycles. We concluded that (1) the changes in the soil's physical and hydrological properties due to the land uses and management didn't impair the physical quality of the soils in the region; (2) the managements of minimum tillage, direct seeding and permanent pastures didn't affected the readily available water storage; (3) that, otherwise, the variations in water storage were influenced by the soil classes; (4) the mean content of readily available water storage was 31.4 and 49.6% higher in Cambissoils, comparing respectively with Latossoils and Nitossoils in the minimum tillage system; (5) the ISAREG model estimated a mean reduction of maize productivity of 25.1%; (6) the highest loss was for August seeding and the lowest for seeding in January and February, varying up to 3.9% among maturation cycles evaluated; (7) the ISAREG model was appropriate to estimate the loss in productivity, but overestimates the loss when Etr / Etc-1 rate is greater than 0.8; (8) there is a 50% probability of maize productivity losses of 25% in the evaluated seasons for the western region of Santa Catarina. / A agricultura familiar do Extremo Oeste Catarinense se caracteriza por diversificados sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária, combinando diferentes usos e manejos em distintas classes de solos. Estes sistemas podem provocar alterações nas propriedades físico-hídricas e influenciar a qualidade física do solo e o armazenamento de água disponível para as plantas. Nesta região os períodos de deficiência hídrica frequentemente reduzem a produtividade do milho, principal cultura de importância socioeconômica. O estudo justifica-se em função da demanda definida em 2009 pela Epagri UGT9 na área de gestão de recursos hídricos com ênfase em metodologias de captação, armazenamento, utilização/reuso da água na agricultura. O objetivo do trabalho foi gerar informações sobre as alterações nas propriedades físico-hídricas do solo nos diversificados sistemas de produção da região e avaliar os impactos da deficiência hídrica sobre a redução de produtividade do milho. Neste sentido avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes usos e manejos nas classes predominantes de solos sobre o armazenamento de água facilmente disponível e estimou-se a redução de produtividade devido à deficiência hídrica através de simulações de épocas de semeadura. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em 36 estabelecimentos de agricultores familiares da região do Extremo Oeste Catarinense. Amostras de solo de cada classe e sistema de uso e manejo foram coletadas em quatro estabelecimentos, em quatro camadas (0-0,10, 0,10-0,20, 0,20- 0,40 e 0,40-0,60 m), totalizando 144 amostras (3 solos x 3 usos e manejos x 4 camadas x 4 estabelecimentos), seguindo um delineamento fatorial. Através do modelo ISAREG calculou-se o balanço hídrico decendial baseado na metodologia Penman-Monteith/FAO, e estimou-se a redução de produtividade do milho para o período 1989/90 a 2010/11, simulada para dezenove datas de semeadura e três ciclos de maturação. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: as alterações nas propriedades físico-hídricas devido aos usos e manejos não comprometeram a qualidade física dos solos da região do Extremo Oeste Catarinense; os manejos em cultivo mínimo, semeadura direta e uso de pastagem perene não afetaram o armazenamento de água facilmente disponível, porém as variações foram influenciadas pelas classes de solos; o conteúdo médio de armazenamento de água facilmente disponível foi 31,4 e 49,6% superior no Cambissolo, respectivamente em relação ao Latossolo e Nitossolo no manejo em cultivo mínimo; o modelo ISAREG estimou uma redução de produtividade média de 25,1%; a maior redução ocorre na semeadura de agosto e a menor nas semeaduras entre janeiro e fevereiro, com variação de até 3,9% entre os ciclos de maturação avaliados; o modelo ISAREG é apropriado para estimar a redução de produtividade, porém superestima seu valor quando a razão Etr Etc-1 é maior que 0,8; há 50% de probabilidade de ocorrer redução de 25% na produtividade de milho nas épocas avaliadas na região do Extremo Oeste Catarinense.

MSc (Plant Production) / Department of Plant Production / See the attached abstract below

The problem of this investigation is determining the artists, places, dates, subjects, and types of frescoes done in nineteenth century England. Through research in nineteenth and twentieth century materials, this information was disclosed. Included in this paper are discussions of the artists, chronology, the fresco projects, stylistic considerations, reasons fro using fresco, and fresco's relevance to the subjects of the paintings. The differences in the technical aspects of fresco and its adaptations are explored. Included in this paper are discussions of the artists, chronology, the fresco projects, stylistic considerations, reasons for using fresco, and fresco's relevance to the subjects of the paintings. It is concluded that the fresco revival was a part of the prevalent Romantic mood of the period and a wish to make England an important nation in the art world's eyes. The revival, however, failed. Its fresco scenes crumbled off the walls that supported them.

This dissertation studies a critical facet of Chinese politics, inspections by higher Chinese government to villages. Principally, it looks at how village economic development determines government inspection decisions and how inspections, once conducted, impact village politics. Specifically, I argue that villages perceived as destabilizing to the Chinese regime, villages with higher levels of economic inequality and villages located at the two extremes of economic development, should see more inspections. In addition, I argue that inspections, in return, drive village politics: they increase village leaders' governing efficacy and raise villagers' political awareness. This theory has received strong support from both field work and quantitative empirical tests using the Chinese Household Income Project (2002) dataset.

This thesis is a quantitative analysis of women working for pay aged sixteen and older in five mid-size Texas cities from 1900 to 1940. It examines wage-earning women primarily in terms of race, age, marital status, and occupation at each census year and how those key factors changed over time. This study investigates what, if any, trends occurred in the types of occupations open to women and the roles of race, age, and marital status in women working for pay in the first forty years of the 20th century.

Rhetoric, seen either as the art of persuasion or as the art of figurative expression, has been largely neglected as an approach to the poetry of the Romantics. The most important reason for this seems to be the rejection of rhetoric by the Romantics themselves. As a result of negative comments about rhetoric by Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats, scholars seeking clues about the Romantics' literary principles in their critical writings have agreed that eighteenth-century rhetoric was either abandoned or substantially altered by early nineteenth century poets. The eighteenth-century belief that figures possess a unique power of communicating an author's passions and emotions continued to be transmitted as a viable literary tradition in the nineteenth century. Poetry was thought to have special privilege in the employment of rhetorical devices. In practice, if not in theory, early nineteenth-century poets did not abandon the use of such devices in their creations. An analysis of the role of rhetorical figures in the works of Coleridge, Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, and Keats demonstrates that it is a mistake to envision the poetry of the Romantic movement as a spontaneous outgrowth of an abrupt shift in poetic taste, a shift which demanded the omission of classical poetic devices. Often the Romantic poets were more nearly in accord with the strictures of rhetoricians such as Blackwall or Ward than many of the Augustan poets had been.

The question of decline in the historiography of seventeenth-century Spain originally included socio-economic analyses that determined the decline of Spain was an economic recession. Eventually, the historiographical debate shifted to include cultural elements of seventeenth-century Spanish society. Gender within the context of decline provides further insight into how the deterioration of the Spanish economy and the deterioration of Spanish political power in Europe affected Spanish self-perception. The prolific Spanish women writers, in addition, featured their points of view on manhood in their works and created a model of masculinity known as virtuous masculinity. They expected Spanish men to perform their masculine duties as protectors and providers both in public and in private. Seventeenth-century decline influenced how women viewed masculinity. Their new model of masculinity was based on ideas that male authors had developed, but went further by emphasizing men treating their wives well.

This study seeks to explore the role of peasant women in resistance to the antireligious campaigns during collectivization and analyze how the interplay of the state and resistors formed a new culture of religion in the countryside. I argue that while the state’s succeeded in controlling most of the public sphere, peasant women, engaging in subversive activities and exploiting the state’s ideology, succeeded in preserving a strong peasant adherence to religion prior to World War II. It was peasant women’s determination and adaptation that thwarted the party’s goal of nation-wide atheism.

"With the Earth in Mind" responds to some of the most cutting-edge research in the field of ecocriticism, which centers on ecological loss and the grief that ensues. Ecocritics argue that ecological objects of loss abound--for instance, species are disappearing and landscapes are becoming increasingly compromised--and yet, such loss is often deemed "ungrievable." While humans regularly grieve human losses, we understand very little about how to genuinely grieve the loss of nonhuman being, natural environments, and ecological processes. My dissertation calls attention to our society's tendency to participate in superficial nature-nostalgia, rather than active and engaged environmental mourning, and ultimately activism. Herein, I investigate how an array of postwar and contemporary American novels represent a complex relationship between environmental degradation and mental illness. Literature, I suggest, is crucial to investigations of this problem because it can reveal the human consequences of ecological loss in a way that is unavailable to political, philosophical, scientific, and even psychological discourse.

In this dissertation, I explore the musical prosody of the literary symbolists and the influence of this prosody on fin-de-siècle French music. Contrary to previous categorizations of music as symbolist based on a characteristic "sound," I argue that symbolist aesthetics demonstrably influenced musical construction and reception. My scholarship reveals that symbolist musical works across genres share an approach to composition rooted in the symbolist concept of musicality of language, a concept that shapes this music on sonic, structural, and conceptual levels. I investigate the musical responses of four different composers to a single symbolist text, Oscar Wilde's one-act play Salomé, written in French in 1891, as case studies in order to elucidate how a symbolist musicality of language informed their creation, performance, and critical reception. The musical works evaluated as case studies are Antoine Mariotte's Salomé, Richard Strauss's Salomé, Aleksandr Glazunov's Introduction et La Danse de Salomée, and Florent Schmitt's La Tragédie de Salomé. Recognition of symbolist influence on composition, and, in the case of works for the stage, on production and performance expands the repertory of music we can view critically through the lens of symbolism, developing not only our understanding of music's role in this difficult and often contradictory aesthetic philosophy but also our perception of fin-de-siècle musical culture in general.