Se analizaron 75 muestras de quesos frescos de diferentes mercados del Cercado de Lima, con la finalidad de aislar e identificar Listeria monocytogenes, además de determinar su capacidad para formar biopelículas. El análisis microbiológico se realizó empleando las metodologías recomendadas por el Manual de Bacteriología Analítica de la Food and Drug Administration (BAM - FDA). El procedimiento para determinar la capacidad de formación de biopelículas fue el método de microplaca de 96 pocillos descrito por Djordjevic con las modificaciones recomendadas por Borucki. El estudio microbiológico permitió aislar Listeria monocytogenes en 14 muestras de quesos frescos (18,67%), siendo un valor elevado representando un riesgo potencial para la población consumidora. La capacidad de las cepas de Listeria monocytogenes para producir biopelículas en microplaca de poliestireno fue clasificada según la densidad óptica obtenida a 595 nm. Se obtuvo que el 64,29 % (9/14) de las cepas de Listeria monocytogenes tienen capacidad de formar biopelículas, distinguiéndose entre formadores débiles y moderadas dependiendo del medio de enriquecimiento estudiado, los cuales fueron caldo tripticasa de soya (TSB) e Infusión cerebro corazón (BHI). El medio BHI fue el más efectivo en promover la formación de biopelículas de Listeria monocytogenes en microplaca de poliestireno. Palabras clave: Listeria monocytogenes, quesos frescos, Cercado de Lima, biopelículas, microplaca. / --- A total of 75 samples of fresh cheese from different markets in Cercado de Lima, were analyzed in order to isolate and identify Listeria monocytogenes and also determine its ability to produce biofilms. The microbiological analysis was performed using the methodologies recommended by FDA’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM – FDA). The methodology for assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation was the 96-well microtiter plate method described by Djordjevic with the modifications recommended by Borucki. The microbiological study allowed identifying Listeria monocytogenes in 14 samples of fresh cheese (18,67%), being a high value and which means a potential risk for the consumer population. The assessment of Listeria monocytogenes strains to produce biofilm in microtiter polystyrene plate was classified according to optical density at 595 nm. It was found that 64,29% (9/14) of Listeria monocytogenes strains have the ability to produce biofilms, distinguishing between weak and moderate biofilm producers depending of the type of enrichment medium used, which were Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). BHI medium was the most effective in promoting the Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation in polystyrene microtiter plate. Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, fresh cheese, Cercado de Lima, biofilm, microtiter plate.

The focus of this research study was to determine the nature of the experiences visitors have at The Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum in Houston, Texas. In order to discover these experiences visitors have in the space I conducted a phenomenological research study by interviewing eleven people at the Chapel and asking them to recount their experiences inside the space. Phenomenology enables the collection of rich description of the visitors’ experiences. To gather the data I used the methodology of narrative inquiry in an effort to accurately depict the participants’ stories about their experiences. The narratives I collected at the Chapel demonstrated that the space is one that provides an evocative learning experience rather than one that is informative. I found that there were a range of experiences in the space that related to the previous experiences or knowledge that visitors brought with them to the Chapel. The motivations for this study came from my own experience with the space before I started my graduate studies. However, during the course of this study it became clear that there is a lack of knowledge about visitors’ responses to The Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum. The results of this study benefit the field of museum education by making a case for recognizing spaces that provide opportunities for evocative learning, rather than viewing them as purely informative. / text

A survey of the painted frieze in Rome from the pre-Christian era to the 1630s shows that it had been a significant ornamentation for the interiors of buildings in Rome, in the sixteenth century becoming the major decoration for palaces of Roman nobility, an important conduit for narrative and heraldic information necessary to a family's prestige and social role. After 1560 the requirements of Catholic Reform and theoretical texts such as G.B. Armenini's treatise On the True Precepts of Painting influenced developments in both style and subject. Moralising messages simultaneously contained meanings specific to the patron. In addition, the genre of landscape became a popular subject capable of expressing spiritual ideals. The thesis then focuses on the Palazzo Pamphilj in Piazza Navona, Rome, where Giambattista Pamphilj commissioned ten narrative fresco friezes in two phases, originally to mark his promotion to cardinal (1629-1644), then to celebrate his ascendancy to the papal throne as Innocent X (1644-1655). Little has been written on the decorative programme and the thesis seeks to explain why Rome's leading patron adopted the 'old-fashioned' frieze when a more 'modern' form of decoration, the illusionistically painted barrel-vaulted ceiling, had been chosen by Innocent's predecessor, Urban VIII Barberini (1623-1644), whose family residence appeared likely to set new trends. Art historical problems of style, iconography, dating, attribution and patronage are addressed throughout.

La calidad microbiológica de los alimentos es esencial para asegurar la disponibilidad de un producto inócuo y de alta calidad para el consumidor. Los alimentos expendidos con alta contaminación; a consecuencia de diversos factores como inadecuada manipulación en las diversas etapas, convierten a los lácteos como el queso fresco, derivados cárnicos como carne molida y frutas rastreras como fresas; en alimentos de alto riesgo, asociados a brotes epidémicos de diarrea. Entre los patógenos que pueden ser transportados por alimentos se encuentran las enterobacterias del género Escherichia, Salmonella, Shiguella entre las mas frecuentes. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de enterobacterias en queso fresco, carne molida y fresa en el mercado mayorista La Parada en el periodo Marzo - Junio 2012, determinar el porcentaje de Enterobacteriaceae coliformes y no coliformes; y determinar en las muestras analizadas el alimento en el que predomina Escherichia coli. Se recolectaron en total 50 muestras, 17 de queso fresco, 17 de carne molida y 16 de fresa (Fragaria vesca) en La Parada. Las muestras fueron analizadas según metodología del ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods) y pruebas bioquímicas. En el estudio se encontró que del total de muestras analizadas 66% tienen Escherichia coli, 12% Enterobacter, 4% Shigella y 18% otras enterobacterias. Además, del total de Enterobacteriaceae halladas en las muestras 78% son coliformes y 22% no coliformes. Referente a la prevalencia de Escherichia coli en los alimentos analizados, se halló 82% de Escherichia coli en carne molida. / --- The microbiological quality of food is essential to ensure the availability of an innocuous and high quality product to the consumer. Vended foods with high pollution; as a result of various factors such as improper handling at various stages, converted to dairy like cheese, meat products such as ground beef and creeping fruits like strawberries; in highrisk foods associated with outbreaks of diarrhea. Among the pathogens that may be carried by foods include Enterobacteriaceae of the gender Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella among the most frequent. El present research had as objective to determine the frequency of Enterobacteriaceae in fresh cheese, ground beef and strawberry in the wholesale market La Parada in the period March - June 2012, determine the percentage of coliforms and no coliforms Enterobacteriaceae; and determine in the analyzed samples the food in that prevail Escherichia coli. Has been colleted a total of 50 samples, 17 of fresh cheese, 17 of ground beef and 16 of strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from La Parada. The samples were analyzed according to the methodology of the ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods) and biochemistry tests. In the study has been found that total of analyzed samples 66% have Escherichia coli, 12% Enterobacter, 4% Shigella and 18% others Enterobacteriaceae. In adittion, of the total of Enterobacteriaceae found in the samples 78% are coliforms and 22% no coliforms. Regarding the prevalence of Escherichia coli in the analyzed samples, has been found 82% de Escherichia coli in ground beef. / Tesis

Submitted by Israel Vieira Neto (israel.vieiraneto@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T18:53:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Jônatas Elim Maciel.pdf: 3004013 bytes, checksum: ab895075e047e464c9a3ef8043127482 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T18:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Jônatas Elim Maciel.pdf: 3004013 bytes, checksum: ab895075e047e464c9a3ef8043127482 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / FACEPE / O presente trabalho investiga a influência da substituição gradual da cal hidratada CH I pela cinza de Algaroba (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) em termos de propriedades das argamassas nos estados fresco e endurecido, tendo-se como hipótese norteadora do estudo que essas argamassas alternativas possuem características usuais à aplicação em obra. Foi avaliado o traço em volume 1:2:x:9 (cimento, cal, cinza, areia) para duas condições: quantidade de água constante e consistência constante, tomando como base a argamassa de referência (0% de cinza). Para tanto foram avaliados no estado fresco: reologia das argamassas (reometria de mistura, reometria de cisalhamento e reometria compressiva - Squezze Flow); retenção de água; calorimetria de condução isotérmica; e, densidade de massa e teor de ar incorporado. No estado endurecido: permeabilidade; porosidade; absorção capilar; e, resistências à tração diametrial, à flexão e à compressão. Todos os ensaios obedeceram a preconizações da ABNT. Além disso, também foi caracterizada a cinza de Algaroba físico-química e microestruturalmente. Os resultados indicaram que é possível substituir até 100% de cal por cinza de Algaroba beneficiada em malha 200 sem prejuízos aos sistemas cimentícios, proporcionando alterações mínimas em relação as propriedades reológicas e mecânicas das argamassas mistas. As semelhanças físico-químicas da cinza (carbonato de cálcio) com cales CH III, cujos nos componentes químicos estão inclusas quantidades significativas de CaCO3, ratificam essa compatibilidade da cinza de Algaroba com sistemas cimentícios em substituição à cal. A presença da cinza de Algaroba em substituição parcial da cal reduz a necessidade de água do sistema, podendo, ainda, se ter ajustes de otimização na dosagem. Por fim, ensaios de calorimetria de condução isotérmica indicaram que a presença do resíduo possibilitou a criação de novos de nucleação das fases hidratadas do cimento, com alterações nas quatro regiões de hidratação.

The Procession Fresco at Knossos is a large-scale mural found partially adhering to the walls of the ceremonial entrance to the largest palace in Minoan Crete. Although it was first published over a century ago, scholars rarely engage in critical discussion regarding its imagery, function, and meaning. The fragmentary state, extensive damage by fire, and insufficient publication likely account for the lack of academic attention the painting receives. This study seeks to engage the field in a critical discourse surrounding this painting by contextualizing it using both iconographic and phenomenological methodologies with the aid of digital tools. The first part of this approach reconsiders the imagery of the Procession Fresco in the context of the processional theme in Crete and the wider Aegean as well as the implications of the production date, here suggested as LM II. The second part of the approach explores how the broader architectural setting of the West Entrance System influences the way ancient processional participants interacted with and understood the mural, further investigating Mark Cameron’s theory that the painted figures acted as signposts to ancient processions. Using a new reconstruction of the mural placed within a digital model, this project includes a video walk-through of the ancient processional area included here as attached media. The study results in the finding that the mural moves beyond a synchronistic relationship with the architecture and the ancient processional participants, and instead it both includes and excludes the viewer using its imagery and scale. Alternatively, this mural may depict multiple processions that once took place at the palace. The mode of representation of the mural likely draws upon concepts of collective memory and myth in an attempt by the LM II administration to express authority over the island. / Art History

The goal of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive study of scenes of fresh water in Minoan art from the Middle Minoan II (MM II) through the Late Minoan I (LM I) periods. This dissertation addresses and fills the gap in the scholarship regarding the depiction of riparian environments and the special place of these depictions in Aegean art. It also attempts to clarify the use and function of riverscapes across chronological periods. Rivers, marshes, streams, and springs, appear on a variety of media and fulfil multiple functions from MM II onward. Images of fresh water were used as topographical markers, ornamentation and decoration, and for religious purposes. Moreover, several images suggest that the Minoans may have believed that the realm for the goddess (or one of the goddesses) was a lush, riverscape. A second goal of this dissertation is to clarify and dispose of the term “Nilotic” as a label for images of fresh water in the Aegean. Since its introduction into the literature of Aegean studies in the beginning of the 20th century, the term “Nilotic” has been used inconsistently to describe Aegean scenes of fresh water that may or may not contain Egyptian elements. This assumption has led some scholars to state that Aegean riverscapes are ultimately derived from Egyptian scenes of fishing and fowling because they share similar iconographic elements. Unfortunately, the process of synthesis is important to the understanding of Aegean riverscapes, and iconographic similarities are somewhat superficial. Furthermore, the term has been used without regard for a long-standing tradition of the depiction of riparian environments in Bronze Age Aegean art. To fully address both goals of this project, the origin of individual iconographic elements has been traced through various media, including glyptic art, pottery, and wall painting. Wall paintings from the Cyclades and some Late Helladic IA scenes have been included when appropriate. Whenever possible, categories of riverscapes have been grouped together, but each wall painting, has been examined and interpreted individually. Some unique, highly pictorial, and detailed images in other media have also been addressed separately. Parallels in Egyptian and, in some cases, Near Eastern art have been sought to determine the validity of the term “Nilotic,” and a special study of Egyptian scenes of hunting in the marshes has been conducted in comparison to Aegean scenes. Iconography, synthesis, and context have all been taken into consideration. / Art History

La recherche est représentée en deux volumes et un enregistrement sur un DVD. Dans le volume est présentée la particularité du texte qui se consiste en introduction, six chapitres, abréviation, sigle et bibliographie. Le deuxième volume représente des 267 planches et des 17 tableaux. Dans introduction ont été déterminées les limites chronologiques – fin du III ème jusqu’au chute de la civilisation de l’antiquité tardive sur les Balkans à la fin du VIe et au début du VIIe siècle ap. J.-C. On a fait un bref aperçu sur les recherches de ces monuments. Dans le Chapitre I ont été envisagées les différentes méthodes analytiques. Au début, on a décrit la recherche des peintures murales des tombeaux réalisée in situ. Pour obtenir des informations concernant les types des colorants et des liants de la couche picturale, ainsi que l’établissement de la composition quantitative et qualitative de différents mortiers ont été appliquées les méthodes analytiques suivantes : pétrographique et minéralogique, granulométrie, microsonde électronique et microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), diffraction des rayons X, spectrométrie IR et spectrométrie IR Raman. Dans le Chapitre II a été faite une recherche sur les divers matériaux de la structure des peintures : matériaux de construction, mortier de liaison, couches d’enduit, pigments et liants. On a constaté que les peintres ont utilisé, au début de la période, des pigments chers et que l’on les a appliqués en état pur. Tels pigment ont été le cinabre et le bleu égyptien. D’autre part la palette s’est progressivement appauvrie. La riche gamme de pigments, existant pendant la période de la fin du IIIe au début du Ve, a devenu de plus en plus restreinte en aboutissant également à l’usage de l’ocre rouge qui a été rarement accompagné de couleur verte (terre verte) vers la fin du Ve et au VIe siècle ap. J.-C. Le Chapitre III présente les techniques de réalisation et le système de travail. On a déterminé que la technique principale d’exécution est a fresco, mais on a constaté aussi d’autres techniques (fresque à la chaux, peinture à la chaux, détrampe). Les constatations notées dans les chapitres précédents nous ont permis de faites la synthèse dans le Chapitre IV. Les matériaux et les techniques de réalisation de la peinture funéraire sont représentés en ordre chronologique. Dans le Chapitre V on a montré en détail 48 tombeaux de deux diocèses. Les décors des tombeaux ne sont pas figurés seulement au point de vue de matériaux et de techniques, on a aussi étudié leurs thèmes iconographiques et leurs motifs ornaméntaux. Le chapitre VI présente la conclusion principale de la thèse. Il évoque sous en résumé l’influence directe de l’art de l’Asie Mineure ainsi que l’influence indirecte de l’art des terres italiques. Le riche répertoire de thèmes est accompagné d’une large palette d’interprétations créatrices et de solutions techniques. Á la fin de la période, la peinture funéraire disparait. Ce fait nous incite à établir un lien avec le changement du rite funéraire. D’autre part, le matériau archéologique permet de constater un développement important de l’art figuratif pendant cette période. Ainsi la peinture murale rend-elle prioritaires d’autres structures architecturales, notamment les basiliques, les églises et les baptistaires chrétiens. Les abréviations présentent les publications périodiques et de diverses institutions. On a ajouté une liste des nomes antique des sites et leurs nomes modernes. La bibliographie représentent des sources et des textes antiques, des livre de base, ainsi que des publications sur la peinture antique grecque et romaine, recherche sur des monuments donnés, ainsi que telles présentant des problèmes déterminés sur les matériaux et la technologie de la peinture pariétale. Une liste des sites électroniques est également montrée. / The research is presented in two volumes and a DVD record. Volume one represents the text part of the thesis consisting of introduction and 6 chapters with abbreviations, bibliography and indexes. The second volume includes 267 plates and 17 tables.In the introduction has been defined the chronological period of the review spanning through the years of the end of the ІІІd century until the fall of the late antique civilization on the Balkans in the end of the VІth and beginning of the VІІth century AC. A review of the study of the objects in Thracia and Dacia is presented in briefs.In chapter I examined the different analytical methods. The beginning part presents the research of the objects in situ. For the gathering of the information concerning the type of the pigments and adhesives used for realization of the murals, as well as for the differentiation of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the ingredient components of the different ground layers there have been used the following analytical methods: pictographic and mineralogical analyses, granulometry, electronic microprobes, CEM, structural Х-ray analysis, AEA-ICP, IR spectrometry and IR Raman spectrometry. The second chapter contains the examination of the different types of materials as: plasters, pigments and adhesives used for the realization of the tomb murals. The results are classified according to belonging to three basic groups – of natural origin, synthetic and mixed pigments. There has been proved that in the beginning of the period there had been used some most expensive pigments in an almost clear form as cinnabar and egyptian blue. However in time the palette gradually got poorer and by the end of the period it became limited to only dark red pigments (red ochre, rarely accompanied by green pigment (green earth). The results of the type of the adhesives used for the realization of the murals are presented in particulars. The use of non-organic adhesive - calcium hydroxide has been found. In Chapter ІІІ there are reviewed the picturesque technique and system of implementation. There has been defined the main technique a fresco, however the presence of other techniques has been also found. The constatations made in all previous chapters are summarized in Chapter ІV. In a chronological plan there were reviewed the materials and techniques which were in use. The Chapter V in details are presented all available tombs with painting murals, that were a subject of the present research. The murals have been outlined not only in the perspective of the implemented materials and techniques of realization, but also from the position of the analysis of the ornamental motives and iconographic system. The Chapter VI presents the main conclusion of the thesis. The direct influence of the art of Asia Minor is given in summarized form, as well as the indirect one – through the art of the land of Italy, for example. The rich repertoire of subjects is accompanied by a wealth of creative interpretations and technical solutions. The wall painting became a priority of the Church architecture at the end of Late Antiquity, which has also been proven by archaeological surveys. The palette of colours and technique of application used in tomb art found new implementation in depicting images of the already regulated Christian art in church architecture. The abbreviations contain periodical press publications and public institutions. There has been attached a list with the names of the archeological objects as known in ancient and contemporary time. The bibliography contains: the ancient authors, basic sources of information, specialized researches and publications on roman and late antique painting, publications on particular cultural monuments, as well as expert publications focused on specific problems of the materials and technology research.

Water quality, and therefore human health, may be significantly affected by the presence of pathogenic enteric microorganisms derived for improper disposal of wastewater to aquatic environments. Detection of waterborne viruses is complex due to the difficulties in concentrating the sample and then in detecting the virus by cell culture or molecular techniques. Methods used to concentrate enteric viruses from water have remained largely unchanged for nearly 30 years. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires the use of 1MDS electropositive filters for concentrating enteric viruses from water; however, these filters are expensive for routine viral monitoring. The NanoCeram® filter, an electropositive cartridge filter, has been proposed as a new alternative for large volumes of water. The objective of the study was: to evaluate the effectiveness of NanoCeram® filters for the concentration of poliovirus-1 from wastewater samples and compare to 1MDS cartridge filters. This study suggested that NanoCeram® filters are a viable alternative to the use of 1MDS filters for viral monitoring in surface waters and wastewaters. L. monocytogenes outbreaks with Latin-style soft cheese have been well-documented; however, more information to characterize the human health risk associated with the consumption of queso fresco (QF) using unpasteurized milk is needed. The objectives of the study were: i) to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and fecal coliforms in QF obtained from markets in the northwestern state of Sinaloa, Mexico, and ii) to address the human health impact associated with the consumption of QF contaminated with L. monocytogenes using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). The study suggested that QF produced in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico have microbial loads above the maximum values recommended by the Official Mexican Regulations; and QMRA can be used to interpret microbial contamination data for impacts on public health.

O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos leucócitos do colostro bovino na imunidade inata, desenvolvimento da microbiota intestinal e ocorrência de diarreias em bezerras Holandesas recém-nascidas. Para isso, 20 bezerras Holandesas foram acompanhadas nos seguintes momentos: antes da mamada do colostro (D0); 1-2 (D2); 7 (D7); 14 (D14); 21 (D21) e 28 (D28) dias após nascimento e foram distribuídas em dois grupos experimentais: grupo COL+ recebeu colostro fresco (4L) proveniente de suas respectivas mães; e grupo COL- recebeu colostro congelado e acelular (4L) de vacas doadoras. Capítulo 1 O objetivo deste capítulo foi avaliar a presença e influência dos leucócitos do colostro na colonização do trato gastrintestinal. Para isso, amostras de colostro foram semeadas em TSA e MacConkey para CBT e CCT; e amostras de fezes em agar sangue, MacConkey e Salmonella-Shiguella. Bezerras apresentaram maior frequência de diarreia no D14 (COL+=78%; COL-=60%). O grupo COL- apresentou maior CBT e CCT/mL (3,93x106 ufc/mL e 3,01x105 ufc/mL) em relação ao COL+ (0,94x106 ufc/mL e 0,78x105ufc/mL). Sobre as espécies bacterianas isoladas, as que foram mais frequentes no COL+ foram Proteus mirabilis (29,91%), Escherichia coli (28,04%), Citrobacter freundii (5,61%) e Staphylococcus spp (5,61%), no COL- foram Escherichia coli (28,70%), Proteus mirabilis (27,78%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,32%) e Morganella morganii (5,66%). O momento com maior isolamento em ambos os grupos foi o D2 (COL+ = 26 cepas; COL- = 27 cepas), período em que iniciou a diarreia nas bezerras. Não foi possível detectar diferenças entre as frequências de microrganismos entre os grupos COL+ e COL-. A administração de colostro COL+ e COL- não influenciou na proporção de bactérias aeróbias presentes nas fezes e na ocorrência de diarreia das bezerras durante o período neonatal. Capítulo 2 O objetivo deste capítulo foi avaliar a influência dos leucócitos do colostro na resposta imune inata em bezerras Holandesas. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame clínico, seguido da colheita das amostras sanguíneas para realização das provas laboratoriais. As concentrações de cortisol sérico e haptoglobina não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas, enquanto a concentração de ferro foi diferente entre os grupos no D7. No leucograma não foi detectada diferença para os leucócitos totais e neutrófilos absolutos, mas houve tendência entre os grupos no D7 para os valores de neutrófilos relativos. O marcador CH138+CD62L+ não apresentou diferença entre os grupos, apesar da maior expressão ter sido detectada no COL-. A expressão de CH138+CD62L- foi maior no COL+ no D14. A fagocitose e produção de H2O2 pelos neutrófilos sanguíneos apresentou perfil semelhante em relação ao S. aureus e E. coli entre os grupos, apesar do COL- apresentar maior intensidade de fagocitose do D7 ao D14. Houve tendência para o aumento da proporção de granulócitos liberando H2O2 basal no D14 para o COL-, entretanto o COL + apresentou tendência para maior intensidade da fagocitose no D21. A proporção de granulócitos (%), estimulados com S. aureus, liberando H2O2 foi maior no COL+ em D7, enquanto o estímulo com a E. coli não resultou em diferenças entre os grupos. A intensidade de fluorescência foi maior e gradual no COL+ quando as células foram estimuladas, porém não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas. As células do colostro influenciaram no perfil sanitário apresentado pelas bezerras, observando-se maior intensidade de diarreias, menores teores de ferro sérico e anemias no grupo que recebeu colostro congelado. A migração dos granulócitos sanguíneos foi mais rápida e intensa no COL+ em relação ao COL-, após exposição natural aos patógenos causadores de diarreia. O índice de fagocitose (%) dos granulócitos apresentou semelhança entre os grupos, entretanto a intensidade da fluorescência foi mais intensa no COL-. Em contrapartida, o COL+ demonstrou maior habilidade em produzir H2O2 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bovine colostrum leukocytes in innate immunity, in the development of the intestinal microbiota and the occurrence of diarrhea in newborn Holstein calves. For this, 20 Holstein calves were followed in the following moments: before colostrum intake (D0); 1-2 (D2); 7 (D7); 14 (D14); 21 (D21) and 28 (D28) days after birth. They were divided into two experimental groups: COL+ group, which received fresh colostrum (4L) from their mothers; and COL-group which received frozen and acellular colostrum (4L) of donor cows. Chapter 1 -The aim of this chapter was to evaluate the presence and influence of colostrum leukocytes in the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. For this, colostrum samples were seeded in TSA and MacConkey for TPC and TCC; and stool samples on blood agar, MacConkey and Salmonella-Shiguella. Calves presented higher frequency of diarrhea in D14 (COL+ = 78%; COL- = 60%). The COL- group showed higher TPC and TCC/mL (3,93x106 cfu/mL and 3,01x105 cfu/mL) compared to COL+ (0,94x106 cfu/mL and 0,78x105 cfu/mL). Regarding the isolated bacterial species, those that were more frequent in the COL+ were Proteus mirabilis (29.91%), Escherichia coli (28.04%), Citrobacter freundii (5.61%) and Staphylococcus spp (5.61%); in the COL-were Escherichia coli (28.70%), Proteus mirabilis (27.78%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.32%) and Morganella morganii (5.66%). The moment with more insolation in both groups was the D2 (COL+ = 26 strains; COL- = 27 strains), period in which started the diarrhea in calves. It was not possible to detect differences between the frequencies of microorganisms between the COL+ and COL- groups. The COL+ and COL- colostrum management did not influence the proportion of aerobic bacteria present in feces and the occurrence of diarrhea in calves during the neonatal period. Chapter 2 The aim of this chapter was to evaluate the influence of colostrum leukocytes in the innate immune response in Holstein calves. The animals were submitted to clinical examination, followed by blood samples collection to perform laboratory tests. The serum cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations did not show statistical differences while the iron concentration was different between groups at D7. The leukogram did not show difference to total leukocytes and absolute neutrophils, but there was a trend between groups at D7 for relative values of neutrophils. The CH138+CD62L+ marker showed no difference between groups, despite an increased expression was detected in COL-. The expression of CH138+CD62L- was greater in COL+ at D14. The phagocytosis and production of H2O2 by blood neutrophils showed similar profile in relation to S. aureus and E. coli between groups, although COL- presented greater phagocytosis intensity from D7 to D14. There was a trend for the increase of granulocyte proportion, releasing basal H2O2 at D14 for COL-, however COL+ presented trend to a higher intensity of phagocytosis at D21. The proportion of granulocytes (%) stimulated with S. aureus releasing H2O2 was greater in COL+ at D7, while stimulation with E. coli resulted in no differences between the groups. The fluorescence intensity was higher and gradual in COL+ when cells were stimulated; however, it was not detected statistical differences. The colostrum cells influenced in the health profile presented by the calves, with a higher intensity of diarrhea, lower levels of serum iron and anemia in the group that received frozen colostrum. The migration of blood granulocytes was faster and more intense in COL+ in relation to COL- after natural exposure to pathogens that cause diarrhea. The phagocytosis rate (%) of granulocytes showed similarity between groups, although the fluorescence intensity of COL- was more intense. In contrast, the COL+ demonstrated greater ability in producing H2O2