The following manuscript is a collection of lyric poetry that touches on themes of family history, love, and labor in the service industry. It is divided into three sections. The speaker in the work dwells in mostly private spaces and deals with private symbols such as, water, to represent the father figure in the poems.

The Constitution of India provides the basis of labour jurisprudence in the country. It promises right to work, right to livelihood, right against forced labour, right against child labour, equal treatment of all workers, equal pay for equal work, appropriate conditions at work, and the overall social, economic and political justice to the people. These constitutional promises find specific expression in the numerous labour-related statutes enacted in furtherance of workers’ welfare. However, the constitutional promises remain unrealized for the approximately 92% of informal workers who are largely excluded from the purview of the labour laws and accordingly, lead marginalized and precarious lives devoid of dignity. Against this backdrop, I analyze whether a capabilities-inspired approach to labour law can address the concerns of informal workers in India and promote their dignified life. After reviewing the literature around informal economic activities, I argue that it is important to adopt a worker-centered approach that focuses on informal employment. Informal employment is varied and because of this the problems and concerns associated with the different categories of informal workers differ. For this reason, I focus on one specific category of informal activity – waste-picking – in one city – Kolkata – in order to ascertain whether a human development approach to labour law is capable of addressing the specific concerns of these waste-pickers. Drawing on the work of labour law scholars who develop the capability approach formulated by Amartya Sen, I consider whether it is suitable as a basis for labour law designed for informal workers in general and waste-pickers in particular. Using a case study of the informal activity of waste picking in Kolkata, I identify the specific capability deprivations suffered by waste-pickers and argue that the capabilities approach can supplement the International Labour Organization’s social dialogue pillar of its Decent Work Agenda to address the work-related concerns of waste-pickers. Based on the International Labour Organization’s social dialogue strategy, I envisage a mechanism through which waste-pickers along with other stakeholders could be integrated in a democratic dialogue process leading to the formulation of a capability-promoting labour law. / Graduate / 0510 / 0398 / 0629 / supriyonujs@gmail.com

Orientador: Marcelo Weishaupt Proni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T05:36:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shungu_LikeleHamidu_M.pdf: 1016104 bytes, checksum: 91427c3514ac592106fb0356d975c640 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Acredita-se que o emprego é a melhor maneira de combater a pobreza. O governo da Tanzânia, após a adoção de políticas neoliberais, esperava que uma economia de mercado criasse empregos produtivos que aumentariam a renda da classe trabalhadora. O que motiva o autor a realizar este estudo é o fato de que, após o início da globalização neoliberal, houve uma criação e a reprodução do grupo de pessoas que estão trabalhando, mas elas ainda são pobres: os "trabalhadores pobres".Portanto, este estudo, através da utilização de fontes secundárias, tentou entender os impactos das reformas neoliberais sobre a criação e a reprodução do grupo de trabalhadores pobres. Ao invés de empregos de qualidade, recebemos empregos sem qualidade que se caracterizavam por baixos salários.O estudo veio com a descoberta de que algumas tendências - privatizar ou sacrificar os serviços sociais para as forças de mercado, através de políticas de distribuição de renda, fiscal, monetária e comercial, bem como a flexibilização da legislação trabalhista - contribuiu com o surgimento de baixa e má qualidade dos empregos e com a diminuição do salário real dos setores que foram deixados para enfrentar as forças do mercado. Este estudo deverá beneficiar os políticos e os atores sociais, dando-lhes argumentos para melhores políticas que aumentem a renda da classe operária e transformem a sociedade tanzaniana, de trabalhadores pobres para trabalhos de qualidade e dignos / Abstract: Employment was believed to be the best way to tackle poverty. The Tanzanian government after adopting neoliberal policies from socialism expected that a market economy would create productive jobs that would increase income of the working class. What motivates the writer to undertake this study is the fact that, prior to the onset of neoliberal globalization, there have been a class of people who are working, but yet they are still poor: "the working poor". Therefore this study through the use of secondary sources attempted to understand the impacts of neoliberal reforms to the creation of the working poor. Instead of decent and productive work we receive unproductive and non decent jobs. The study came with the findings that some tendencies - privatizing or sacrificing social service for market forces, through policies for distribution of income, fiscal, monetary and trade policies as well as flexibilization of the labour law - contributed to the rise of unproductive jobs and decline of real income of sectors that were left to confront market forces. This study is beneficial for policy makers and social actors by giving them arguments for better policies that would increase income of the working class and transform Tanzanian society from working poor to productive and decent jobs / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The inability of a large proportion of the working class to sustain a decent quality of life has placed increased importance on paying employees a living wage, that is, an income amount that enables meaningful participation in society above mere survival. However, while this notion seems promising, it does not account for the complexities in the relationship between income and quality of life; which, of course, is influenced by several moderating factors. This study considered two of these, financial capability and decent work, thereby assuming that the ability of income to effectively lead to a good quality of life is influenced by whether or not individuals engage in financial capability behaviours or perceive their work as decent. A cross sectional descriptive design was used and a final sample of N = 153 general salaried employees in South Africa participated in a self-report survey. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that each of the four financial capabilities (making ends meet, keeping track, planning ahead, and staying informed behaviours) were unidimensional in nature; while decent work produced a three-factor structure, inconsistent with its original five-factor conceptualisation. Spearman rho correlation results revealed that income was positively related to quality of life, and moderation analysis revealed that planning ahead was the only financial capability that influenced the relationship between income and quality of life. All other financial capabilities as well as decent work produced non-significant findings. Considering these results, study limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed, followed by outlining theoretical and practical implications.

This study examines the employment of non-citizens within the framework of appropriate regulatory statues and constitutional dispensations, as contained in the domestic legislation of the individual countries, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Lesotho as part of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Focusing on labour law development regarding the legislative position of the employment of non-citizens, such as; immigration requirements, basic minimum employment conditions and protection of employment rights have consequently been part of Africa-China economic relations with SADC host countries. The People's Republic of China (PRC), or China, assistance and its Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) impacts SADC globalised market economies. China State and Chinese companies, increasing engagements in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa and to a lesser extent in Lesotho, through extended foreign diplomatic and bilateral trade relationships, are characterised by dominant employment of Chinese non-citizens within these host countries. Botswana and the other host countries’ labour market regulative legislation, faces the challenge of developing labour law regulating the protection of decent work, within the international ILO framework for fair and stable globalisation. Assessment of the current labour laws, and economic influences of the individual countries, would bridge the legal cultural gap and enhance sustainable economic growth. Valuable lessons learned from within the region have the potential of ensuring a more mutually beneficial outcome to the "win-win" scenario, from an African perspective, regarding China-Africa relationships. / LLM, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This study examines the employment of non-citizens within the framework of appropriate regulatory statues and constitutional dispensations, as contained in the domestic legislation of the individual countries, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Lesotho as part of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Focusing on labour law development regarding the legislative position of the employment of non-citizens, such as; immigration requirements, basic minimum employment conditions and protection of employment rights have consequently been part of Africa-China economic relations with SADC host countries. The People's Republic of China (PRC), or China, assistance and its Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) impacts SADC globalised market economies. China State and Chinese companies, increasing engagements in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa and to a lesser extent in Lesotho, through extended foreign diplomatic and bilateral trade relationships, are characterised by dominant employment of Chinese non-citizens within these host countries. Botswana and the other host countries’ labour market regulative legislation, faces the challenge of developing labour law regulating the protection of decent work, within the international ILO framework for fair and stable globalisation. Assessment of the current labour laws, and economic influences of the individual countries, would bridge the legal cultural gap and enhance sustainable economic growth. Valuable lessons learned from within the region have the potential of ensuring a more mutually beneficial outcome to the "win-win" scenario, from an African perspective, regarding China-Africa relationships. / LLM, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The majority of previous research investigating the role of vision in controlling adaptive gait has predominantly focused on over-ground walking or obstacle negotiation. Thus there is a paucity of literature investigating visuomotor control of step descent. This thesis addressed the importance of the lower visual field (lvf) in regulating step descent landing control, and determined when visual feedback is typically used in regulating landing control prior to/during step descent. When step descents were completed from a stationary starting position, with the lvf occluded or degraded, participants adapted their stepping strategy in a manner consistent with being uncertain regarding the precise location of the foot/lower leg relative to the floor. However, these changes in landing control under conditions of lvf occlusion were made without fundamentally altering stepping strategy. This suggests that participants were able to plan the general stepping strategy when only upper visual field cues were available. When lvf was occluded from either 2 or 1 step(s) prior to descending a step during on-going gait, stepping strategy was only affected when the lvf was occluded in the penultimate step. Findings suggest that lvf cues are acquired in the penultimate step/few seconds prior to descent and provide exproprioceptive information of the foot/lower leg relative to the floor which ensures landing is regulated with increased certainty. Findings also highlight the subtle role of online vision used in the latter portion of step descent to 'fine tune' landing control.

Thesis advisor: Laura M. O'Dwyer / As the nature of work continues to evolve and diversify in the 21st century, issues related to the attainment of high-quality work are paramount. Initially defined by the International Labour Organisation [ILO], Decent Work exists as a standard for the expected quality of work to which all should have access in modern society. Central to the definition of Decent Work is the guarantee that “women and men enjoy working experiences that are safe, allow adequate free time and rest, take into account family and social values, provide for adequate compensation in case of lost or reduced income, and permit access to adequate healthcare” (ILO, n.d.). While issues of work quality are relevant to all members of the workforce, young adults are at heightened risk of not securing work that is Decent, if they are able to secure work at all. Using nationally representative data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 [ELS:02], this study investigates Decent Work attainment among young adults through the lens of their experiences as high school students ten years prior. The Psychology of Working Theory (Duffy et al., 2016) guides this investigation, explicitly accounting for both individual (student-level) and contextual (school-level) characteristics in the prediction of future Decent Work attainment and overall employment status. Results from a series of multilevel analyses indicate that most of the variability in Decent Work attainment and employment status exists at the individual level, as opposed to the high school level. Structurally, this suggests that schools are not the primary drivers of students’ contextual influences when it comes to their work outcomes. Furthermore, the collection of school- and student-level predictors found to be significantly associated with the various facets of Decent Work and employment status varies widely from model to model. This suggests that the Psychology of Working Theory is far from a one-size-fits-all theory, and that the predictors of work attainment are highly complex. Implications for education policy and future research are discussed in Chapter 5. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation.

O tema da presente tese diz respeito ao trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil. Tem como objetivo principal analisar a qualificação profissional como instrumento de valorização do trabalho doméstico, com base na concepção de trabalho decente da OIT e nos textos das normas internacionais do trabalho. Considerou-se, para efeitos da pesquisa, trabalhador doméstico aquele que, com ou sem vínculo empregatício, presta serviços vinculados ao âmbito doméstico, como ocupação profissional, sem finalidade lucrativa direta para uma família ou pessoa física. Constatou-se que o trabalho doméstico não pode ser mais concebido como algo natural para as mulheres em decorrência de vários fatores apresentados. Assim, a qualificação profissional trata-se de uma reivindicação em âmbito internacional e nacional da categoria, a qual foi incluída no texto da Recomendação n. 201 da OIT. Verificou-se, também, que sua aplicação contribui para a elaboração de um novo modelo social de relação de trabalho doméstico e, por consequência, para a promoção de um trabalho decente para os trabalhadores domésticos. Foram utilizados os métodos dedutivo e histórico por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. / Le thème de cette thèse porte sur le travail domestique rémunéré au Brésil. L\'objectif principal est d\'analyser la qualification comme un instrument pour l\'exploitation non dégradant du travail domestique, basé sur le concept de travail décent, tel qu\'il est reconnu par l\'Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) et les textes des normes internationales du travail. Les objectifs de cette recherche a estimé qu\'un travailleur ménage privé qui, avec ou sans relation demploi, la prestation de services liés à la branche de l\'occupation, à but non lucratif directement à une famille ou un individu. Les résultats présentent que les travaux ménagers ne peut être conçue comme quelque chose de plus naturel pour les femmes en raison de tous les facteurs pris en compte. Ainsi, la qualification s\'agit d\'une réclamation de la catégorie nationale et internationale, qui a été inclus dans le texte de la Recommandation OIT n. 201. En outre, les résultats aussi liée applications dans la contribution au développement d\'un nouveau modèle de relations sociales du travail domestique et augmente à la promotion du travail décent pour les travailleurs domestiques. Méthodes déductives ont été utilisées à partir de l\'histoire et de la littérature

Nos primórdios da civilização, o trabalho era a atividade ligada à pesca, à caça, à coleta de frutos e à plantação de alimentos destinados ao sustento do homem na vida em comunidade. A partir do desenvolvimento do capitalismo industrial, houve a divisão social e técnica do trabalho que transformou este ato, inicialmente tão natural, numa engrenagem do processo de produção e o ser humano passou a ser um apêndice das máquinas sujeito a precárias condições de trabalho. Tal sociedade de consumo conferiu aos trabalhadores o mesmo valor que se atribui às máquinas e aos instrumentos de produção, esvaziando sua dignidade humana. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa analisou - de modo comparativo e crítico - se os direitos humanos trabalhistas e o trabalho digno estão sendo implementados no Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), enquanto processo de integração regional que envolve países possuidores de realidades socioeconômicas diferenciadas, destacando-se, no estudo, o Brasil, a Argentina, o Paraguai e o Uruguai. Como Hannah Arendt apregoou no final de \"A Condição Humana\", na sociedade capitalista houve a vitória do animal laborans sobre o homo faber com o triunfo do consumo sobre o uso e do metabolismo sobre a durabilidade das coisas, havendo a mitigação da dignidade do trabalhador. Porém, o trabalho humano possui características peculiares, devendo ser considerado com critérios que extrapolam os aspectos puramente econômicos. Segundo Felice Battaglia, na \"Filosofia do Trabalho\", o trabalho é uma realidade poliédrica captada parcialmente pelas diferentes Ciências (Física, Biologia, Economia etc.), mas o trabalho do homem deve estar em consonância com os limites impostos pela sua própria dignidade. Então, o trabalho humano não pode ser tratado na condição de mercadoria ou insumo de produção como o capitalismo impõe, pois ele se apresenta como um valor necessário para a existência digna do trabalhador. Não basta a concessão de um trabalho ao ser humano, é imprescindível a garantia e a concretização da concepção de trabalho digno que respeita a pessoa humana em sua integralidade físico-psíquica como ser único e insubstituível. No caso do MERCOSUL, a tutela jurídica do trabalho digno e dos direitos humanos trabalhistas nas ordens jurídicas internas dos países integrantes do bloco, bem como em tratados internacionais por eles ratificados não garantirá, por si só, sua efetivação no mundo do trabalho. É imperiosa a existência de efetivo \"querer político\" dos governantes dos Estados-membros para a concretização do trabalho digno no MERCOSUL rumo a uma integração regional mais solidária para os povos latino-americanos. / In the dawn of civilization, human activity was linked to fishing, hunting, collecting fruits and the planting of food, all that intended for the sustenance in community life. As the industrial capitalism developed, a social and technical division of labor emerged and transformed this act, initially so natural, in a gear of the production process. Therefore, the human being has become an appendage of the machines, subject to substandard working conditions. Such consumer society has given workers the same value attributed to the machines and the instruments of production, emptying them of their human dignity. In this context, this research has analyzed - in a comparative and critical way - if labor human rights and a decent work are being implemented in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) as a process of regional integration that involves differentiated socioeconomic realities of countries, most notably, in this study, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. As Hannah Arendt proclaimed at the end of her work \"The Human Condition\", in capitalist society there was the victory of the animal laborans over the homo faber, and the triumph of the consumption over the use as well as the metabolism over the durability of things, leading to the mitigation of the dignity of the workers. However, the human labor has peculiar characteristics, and should be considered with criteria that go beyond the purely economic aspects. According to Felice Battaglia in his \"Philosophy of Work\", the work is a polyhedral reality partially captured by different sciences (Physics, Biology, Economics, etc.), but the human labor must be in line with the limits imposed by his own dignity. So, it cannot be treated as goods or production input as capitalism imposes, because it presents itself as a required value for a worthy existence of the worker. It is not enough to grant labor to human beings; it is indispensable to guarantee the design and implementation of decent work, which respects the human person in its psychic-physical entirety as an unique and irreplaceable being. In the case of MERCOSUR, the legal protection of decent work and labor human rights in internal legal orders of the Member Countries, as well as in international treaties ratified by them, will not, by itself, ensure its effectuation in the world of work. It is vital for the existence of an effective \"political demanding\" of the rulers\' Member States for the implementation of a decent work in the MERCOSUR regional integration towards greater solidarity to the peoples of Latin America.