Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed July 18, 2006). "September 2005." Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-140). Also issued in paper format.

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. / Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 7, 2006). "March 2004." Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in paper format.

After the capture of Taiwan, the Qing Court devoted its energy to securing China's northern border. While fending off the invasion of Russia and Dzungar, Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong exposed the Southeast maritime frontier to pirates and the British merchants who continued to harass Guangdong during the Jiaqing-Daoguang era. With the support of the Tây Sơn dynasty, pirates in the South China Sea formed an alliance that controlled the major waterways of Guangdong. The discovery of new routes to the East opened new markets for European countries. England seized the opportunity to attack Macao Bocca twice, to break into Tigris and eventually to wage the Opium War. Responding to the growing threat towards her coastal defense, the Qing government dispatched several Viceroys of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) and Guangdong Commanders in Chief to launch a range of counter measures. In both wars, official used the strategic of coastal defense, in order to cut off the supplement from inland against the pirates and the United Kingdom. Although the pirates and the United Kingdom were different enemies, Qing government used the same method that was not accidental. In the early Qing, coastal defense was managed by the provincial government. Therefore, the development of coastal defense was affected by the quantity of provincial government's resource. Because of the Qing government strictly controlled provincial government's finance; Guangdong's coastal defense was a passive and conservative system. In the context of globalization, Guangdong's coastal defense was challenged by pirates and the United Kingdom. At that time, Navy of Guangdong was weaker than its opponent. As a result, Viceroys of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) and Guangdong Commanders in Chief insisted to defense the coast line. They believed the opponents would be starved in the sea, however, the result was totally different. Why officials used the same method to deal with pirates and the United Kingdom will be explored in this article, so as to reflect the situation of Guangdong's coastal defense in Jiaqing and Daoguang's era = 自收復台灣後，東南海洋一直處於和平狀態，反觀在北方國境，俄羅斯及準噶爾部卻嚴重威脅清朝的國防。經過康、雍、乾三朝的努力，清廷終於解決北部的邊防問題。但此一形勢在嘉慶、道光年間產生變化，廣東海防卻要面對兩大強敵──海盜與英國。藉着越南西山政權的幫助，廣東海盜乘勢崛興，控制航道，專注於打劫往來船隻，更組成強大的聯盟。而西方國家亦積極東來尋找市場、商品，英國亦為其中之一。為改變與中國貿易的情況，英國曾兩次試圖入侵澳門、強闖虎門，更發動鴉片戰爭，令廣東海防面臨嚴重威脅。在迎戰海盜、英國的過程中，清廷先後委任多名兩廣總督、水師提督，試圖阻止這些強敵。為方便研究，本文選擇當中的重要人物，觀察他們的應敵之道。嘉慶十年（1805），海盜組成大聯盟，勢力如日方中，而那彥成、吳熊光、百齡正是於此時出任兩廣總督。道光十四年（1834）發生律盧卑事件，清廷又先後以關天培、林則徐南下廣東，積極改善虎門防務，防止英國進犯。在兩場戰爭中，當時的官員都堅持嚴守海岸的戰略，以封鎖政策截斷內地物資供應，對抗海盜及英國。面對不同的敵人，清廷使用相同方法並非偶然。海防在清代前期由地方自行管理，所以發展受到地方資源多寡的影響。由於清廷嚴格限制地方財政，加上受地形影響，廣東海防只能維持被動和保守的體制。在全球化的背景下，海盜及英國乘時而起挑戰廣東海防。當時廣東水師實力不及對手，所以兩廣總督、水師提督都固守海岸防線，期望將對手困死海上，但是效果卻是截然不同。本文將探討為何有關官員使用相同方法，應對海盜、英國的入侵的原因，從而反映嘉慶、道光年間廣東海防的情況。

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-20T19:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese SILVIA VIODRES. 2012.pdf: 9205086 bytes, checksum: 1c86841169728628081fee232b116559 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-20T19:38:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese SILVIA VIODRES. 2012.pdf: 9205086 bytes, checksum: 1c86841169728628081fee232b116559 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-20T19:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese SILVIA VIODRES. 2012.pdf: 9205086 bytes, checksum: 1c86841169728628081fee232b116559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Desde a década de noventa os roubos a ônibus têm se constituído uma frequente expressão de crimes predatórios contra rodoviários interurbanos baianos. Após duas décadas, a vitimização permanece pouco discutida, nesse sentido, investigou-se os diferentes tipos, formas e scripts dos roubos, os danos decorrentes da vitimização sobre as relações de trabalho e saúde dos rodoviários, as respostas das vítimas, das empresas e do sistema de segurança pública. De caráter qualitativo, o estudo fundamentou-se em entrevistas com 60 rodoviários, questionários, observação participante e pesquisa documental. Discute-se a confluência das condições de possibilidades para o crime: a malha rodoviária extensa, precária e insuficientemente policiada; a convergência no tempo e espaço adequado de alvos tangíveis, ofensores competentes e a ausência de vigilantes capazes. Constatou-se que diferentes modos de viagens, ou seja, as características dos alvos (acessibilidade e valor) atraem ofensores de maior ou menor instrumentalização. Enquanto os ônibus comerciais são assaltados por ofensores que roubam o ônibus após se passarem por passageiros, os veículos executivos são alvos de grupos fortemente instrumentalizados que retiram o veículo das rodovias para saqueá-los. No roubo aos ônibus executivos nota-se uma complexa organização social, com ações e papéis regulares e hierárquicos e interação tripartida: o primeiro contato dos ofensores é estabelecido com o rodoviário (alvo/vítima instrumental), a partir da invasão do veículo os passageiros (alvos principais) são inseridos no frame do roubo. O caráter crônico desses eventos divide os rodoviários entre aqueles que têm no risco de vitimização a principal motivação para o abandono da carreira e os que naturalizam a possibilidade de tornarem-se vítimas. Vitimizados ou não, parte dos entrevistados convivem diariamente com o sentimento de medo e o adoecimento lendo e gradual e raramente recebem amparo dos empregadores. Na prevenção e dissuasão contra aos roubos observou-se a atuação de defesas pessoais e defesas institucionais. Como resultado desta junção constatam-se graduais alterações na perpetração desses crimes, que em lugar de serem extintos, migram ou retornam para as mesmas regiões, tão logo as defesas deixem de ser empregadas ou possam ser superadas. De modo que,identificam-se hotspots e dangerous hours, alvos preferenciais e modus operandis distintos na distribuição dos roubos. A vitimização por roubos a ônibus em rodovias é uma violência extrema à medida que: apesar dos scripts e hotspots conhecidos, ainda não há defesas ou engajamentos capazes de coibi-los; há indícios de laços de cumplicidades de membros de instituições policiais e grupos criminosos na manutenção desses crimes; ainda que seja uma vitimização coletiva e crônica, com graves impactos sobre as vítimas e sem limites de níveis de violência expressiva empregada, as vítimas não são reconhecidas como tais, sendo tratadas com negligência e omissão, o que em parte é explicado pela naturalização desses eventos. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dallaqua_b_me_botfm.pdf: 325279 bytes, checksum: eb0d311f7c51273f4d17cae5ac02ffc7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica. Esta hiperglicemia induz o aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Devido às complicações causadas pelo diabete, muitos indivíduos optam por terapias alternativas à base de plantas medicinais para amenizar seus efeitos. Sendo assim, nesta revisão de literatura, foram analisados e descritos diversos trabalhos experimentais com a utilização de animais diabéticos para comprovar os efeitos antioxidantes de algumas dessas plantas e verificar se os títulos e resumos disponibilizados nos artigos são compatíveis aos objetivos de nossa busca / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia induces increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant defenses. Due to complications caused by diabetes, many people choose for alternative therapies and herbal medicine to alleviate its effects. Thus, in this literature review, several experimental studies with the use of diabetic animals were analyzed to demonstrate the antioxidant effects of some plants and to verify if the titles and abstracts provided in the articles are compatible to the aims of our search

Orientador: Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T18:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wouters_FelipeChristoff_M.pdf: 4919215 bytes, checksum: c2fb1e5605f041d7b55cee18189002ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste no estudo de secreções defensivas de 18 espécies de opiliões da família Gonyleptidae. A composição química das secreções dessas espécies foi investigada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Os compostos encontrados nas espécies estudadas se dividem em três classes principais: cetonas, quinonas e fenóis. Análises de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) das secreções de três dessas espécies (Gonyleptes saprophilus, Magnispina neptunus e Progonyleptoidellus striatus) permitiram a caracterização de cinco compostos: 4-metilex-1-en-3-ona, 2-metil-1,4-benzoquinona, 2-etil-1,4-benzoquinona, 2,5-dimetilfenol e 2,3,6-trimetilfenol. Foram sintetizadas duas vinil cetonas encontradas nas secreções estudadas: 4-metilex-1-en-3-ona e 5-metilex-1-en-3-ona. Essas cetonas foram caracterizadas e confirmou-se sua presença nas secreções de seis das espécies estudadas. Os demais compostos tiveram suas estruturas sugeridas baseando-se nos dados de espectrometria de massas e/ou coinjeção em CG-EM com padrões. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios de atividade inibitória frente a diversos micro-organismos usando padrões sintéticos de compostos presentes nas secreções, representativos das três classes químicas encontradas / Abstract: This work consists on the study of defensive secretions from 18 harvestmen species belonging to the family Gonyleptidae. The chemical composition of these secretions was investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified compounds can be divided in three main classes: ketones, quinones and phenols. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses of secretions from three species (Gonyleptes saprophilus, Magnispina neptunus and Progonyleptoidellus striatus) allowed the characterization of five compounds: 4-methylhex-1-en-3-one, 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dimethylphenol, and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol. Two vinyl ketones found in the studied secretions were synthesized: 4-methylhex-1-en-3-one and 5-methylhex-1-en-3-one. These ketones were characterized and their presence in secretions of six species was confirmed. The other compounds had their structures suggested based on mass spectrometry data and/or GC-MS coinjection with standart samples. Moreover, inhibitory activity assays against microorganisms were performed with synthetic standarts of compounds found in the secretions, representatives of the three identified chemical classes / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

M.Sc. / Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are ubiquitous, indispensable components of the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria that have diverse roles in bacterial pathogenesis of plants. LPS as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules can be recognized by plants to directly trigger some defense—related responses. LPS can also alter the response of plants to subsequent bacterial inoculation; these delayed effects include alterations in the expression patterns of genes coding for some pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, promotion of the synthesis of the antimicrobial conjugates, and prevention of the hypersensitive reaction caused by avirulent bacteria. Prevention of the response may allow expression of resistance in the absence of catastrophic tissue damage. LPS from Burkholderia cepacia (LPSB. cep.) have been found to trigger a strong response in plants resulting in the activation of genes coding for some pathogenesis related proteins, receptor-like kinases and resistance (R) proteins. LPS are tripartite amphipathic molecules, consisting of a Lipid A moiety that is embedded in the outer leaflet of the phospholipids/protein bilayer, a core oligosaccharide, and a polysaccharide consisting of repeating units (0-Antigen/O-side chain). Typically the Lipid A consists of a bisphosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide which is substituted by amide- and ester-bound fatty acids and / or acyloxyacyl groups. The core region, a non-repetitive oligosaccharide, is usually connected to the Lipid A part via one 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic (Kdo) residue. The core is attached in turn to the 0- Antigen that consists in most cases of a repetitive polysaccharide and that represents the major part of LPS. The bond between the Lipid A section and the Kdo residue of the core is labile under mild acid hydroysis conditions; and this allows for the fractionation of the LPS molecule into a Lipid A part and an 0-Antigen part, attached to the core. Thus far the eliciting (active) parts of LPSB. cep. have not yet been identified. In general, it is known that the Lipid A is more conserved from one organism to another as compared to the 0-Antigen. In animals, Lipid A is believed to be the active part as it was found to elicit some defense-related responses. In plants, Lipid A was also found to trigger defense responses. Several structures of the 0-Antigens from different bacteria have been characterised, but their biological activities have not yet been investigated in detail.

1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals mainly with the issue of necessary defense in Czech law focusing on some of the disputable queries brought by its application and interpretation. The primary fixation of this thesis is on the judiciary decisions, however, the work deals with the theoretical foundations and resources of the necessary defense. The aim of this work is to introduce the matter of necessary defense, to highlight the disputable queries appearing when applied and analyze their solution. This work is divided into six chapters. First chapter names and explains particular excuse defenses. Second chapter deals with the term of necessary defense, its development and valid legislation regarding it. Third chapter brings the analysis of the self-defense itself in consideration of judiciary decisions and expert literature and examines legal conditions of its application. The chapter is furtherly divided into 3 subheads. Subhead 3.1 explains the attack, subhead 3.2 approaches the interests protected by the Penal Code and subhead 3.3 deals with the apparently unreasonable defense. Excesses from the necessary defense are described in fourth chapter. Fifth chapter deals with so called putative defense in the judiciary decisions. The last, sixth chapter focuses on the automatic defense mechanisms and defense...

M.Sc. (Biochemistry) / A 14-member, closely-spaced cluster of genes coding for leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) is located on chromosome 1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Following on from previous microarray studies that found some of the members of this cluster to be upregulated in response to biotic stressors, including the bacterial elicitor flg22, the present study sought to confirm, using a luciferase-based protoplast assay, that flg22 does in fact induce the expression of the genes, and then to investigate the promoters of the genes. The promoters of At1g51790, At1g51850 and At1g51890 responded positively in this particular assay, and bioinformatic analyses determined that W-boxes are over-represented in the cloned regions. Mutational inactivation of individual W-boxes in the promoter of At1g51790 drastically reduced the flg22 response, except for the W-box closest to the start site, which seemed to increase both basal and flg22-inducible expression. In the promoter of At1g51850, mutational inactivation of either or both of its W-box dyads resulted in virtually no flg22 inducibility. The deletion of 6 W-boxes in the promoter of At1g51890, done via truncation, drastically reduced both its basal expression and its inducible response to flg22. These results provide evidence that W-box cis-elements are responsible for the upregulation of these LRR-RLKs in response to flg22. WRKYs -7, -11, -22,and -26 were found bioinformatically to have similar expression patterns to some of the genes in the cluster, and are thus good candidates to investigate as transcriptional regulators of the cluster in future studies.