No description available.

The loud songs of gibbons (Hylobatidae) usually consist of a duet by the mated pair delivered each morning. These songs can transmit over a kilometre through dense forest habitat and therefore presumably play a role in long-distance communication. There is some evidence to suggest that gibbons use song in contexts other than their daily duets, such as predation, but these songs have not been well studied. Close- range communication is also relevant for gibbons, but these quieter calls have completely escaped any detailed observation. The responses of wild white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) to simulated visual and acoustic predators (tiger, clouded leopard, reticulated python and crested serpent eagle) were studied in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand to address the lack of empirical data about these important events. Little is known about gibbons’ anti- predatory behaviour in general, and simulated predator encounters provided an opportunity to investigate these responses as well. Results showed that gibbons used song as part of their anti-predator strategy and that subtle combinatorial changes were meaningful to conspecifics. They also showed marked behavioural changes in the short-term, and some evidence of longer-term changes as well. Quiet calls were also part of the gibbons’ response repertoire with the hoo call being particularly relevant. Hoos were used as a prelude to singing both normal duets and predator songs, but there were consistent differences between each context. Hoos were also delivered independently in a number of other contexts outside predation. When analysed, these hoos showed consistent contextual differences in a number of spectral parameters. Within the duet context, important contextual subtleties were evident also revealing a remarkable vocal plasticity. In addition, gibbons voluntarily attended to specific vocal elements of other gibbon duets, indicating that certain sequences are more pertinent than others. Results suggest both gibbon song and gibbon hoos are powerful communication tools that reliably reference external objects and events; this ability is also a critical feature of human language.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Boost phase interception of ballistic missiles is envisioned as the primary response of the layered defense architecture implemented in the ballistic missile defense system. A limited time frame in which to take action and the necessity to implement hit-to-kill technology in the kill vehicle counterbalances the many advantages of boost phase interception. Direct hit missile technology is constrained by the requirement to minimize miss distance to a negligible amount between the kill vehicle and optimum aimpoint on the target. This thesis examines kill vehicle effectiveness, which is tantamount to miss distance, as a function of both the kill vehicle maximum acceleration capability and the guidance system time constant necessary to destroy a target. The kill vehicle guidance system is modeled in MATLAB as a fifth-order binomial series with proportional navigation. The simulation examines the effect of an accelerating target attributed to powered flight and aimpoint displacement caused by a shift in tracking point from the target plume to the payload when resolution occurs. The kill vehicle minimum requirements as indi-cated by the simulation include a lateral acceleration capability of four times the target acceleration and a guidance system time constant that is less than one-tenth the estimated flight time. / Lieutenant, Canadian Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / The United States is embarking on a course of designing and fielding a Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to protect the US and her citizenry against ballistic missile attacks. The BMDS will need a Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC) organization/system to support military and national decision makers in times of crisis. The C2BMC must also be able to react quickly once a missile event has occurred. This thesis will cover the doctrinal issues with merging Theater Missile Defense (TMD) and the National Missile Warning System into one system, how the Unified Command Plan affects missile defense efforts, the lessons learned from Desert Storm, and presents alternative chains of command that might allow the BMDS to engage threat missiles in a timely and efficient manner. Preliminary findings indicate that a 'flattened' chain of command for missile defense forces seems to be a positive starting point for the initial deployment of the BMDS. / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

LL.M. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This thesis is dealing with the issue of a sportsman criminal liability in situations where he causes or attempts to cause injury and commits the offence against the health and life of a person. The thesis aims to describe and explain fundamental terms of the issue together with its the historical review, with regards to the autonomy of sport, the relationship of the sport rules with the legal rules of criminal law. The core part of the thesis devoted to the research of the issue with respect to relevant statutes, sport self governing rules, legal literature and judicial decisions. First part of the thesis is consisted of legal analysis on whether injury caused during sport can amount to criminal offence. Such legal analysis is conducted in a manner whereby the the individual ingredients of an offence are confronted with conduct of sportsmen. The author does not forget to apply circumstances excluding criminal liability in the field of sport injuries. The applicable circumstances are the consent of the injured, excusable risk, exercise of rights and permitted activity. The conditions for individial circumstances to apply are thoroughly analysed. These condition are confronted with the circumstances in sport`s field in light of sport injury. The thesis also deals with the theories of the criminal...

The thesis addresses the analysis and comparison of individual elements of defenses under Czech and German criminal legal statutes with respect to the conclusions, which are therefrom drawn in theory and practice. The aim of the thesis was to render overview concerning the distinctions in the defenses, provided that these are based on common reasoning, are generally acknowledged and theoretically elaborated, rather than to present an exhaustive commentary on all legal institutes which exclude illegality and as such come into mind. The fact that the defenses are mutually close in their character and meaning within both legal systems was a major prerequisite for the thesis. The thesis analyses the distinctions with regard to the individual preconditions of separate defenses. These distinctions are not limited only to the extent of the wording of a legal statute, they also greatly manifest in professional literature and case law. Owing to the brief and abstract nature of the respective provisions the courts and theorists developed large quantities of principles and rules which precise and sometimes even amend these provisions. The subject has been processed under consideration of the present-day legal regulation, the topics of origin and development of defenses has intentionally not been discussed....

Ph.D. / Current models regarding plant : pathogen interactions assume that recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules can occur through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of plant cells. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) embedded in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria can trigger defence responses or prime the plant in order to respond more rapidly, following perception of bacterial pathogens. Limited data has been reported on signal transduction and the nature of the LPS receptors in plants since no receptors have been identified yet. Parallels have been shown to exist between self-incompatibility and pathogen recognition with regard to self / non-self recognition. The two processes were reviewed and conceptual and mechanistic links between microbial recognition and self-incompatibility were discussed herein. The role of S-domain receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in defence mechanisms has previously not been widely recognized or explored. It was reasoned that S-domain RLKs could be utilized to function as resistance (R) genes or as pattern recognition receptors in perception of PAMPs of a non-protein nature. It has been found that genes encoding receptors may be up-regulated in response to perception of its ligand. A putative receptor-like kinase was previously reported to be induced by LPS. This 153 bp differentially expressed transcript, HAP3-15 (GenBank accession number DR109311), might be an expressed sequence tag (EST) for a gene encoding a receptor for LPS. The experimental characterisation of this EST was reported herein. Gene-walking, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), cloning, sequencing and bio-informatic analyses were used to identify the full gene. These results revealed that it encoded a receptor-like protein kinase with an extracellular S-domain recognition motif. The 2842 bp genomic sequence obtained, showed that the sequence had a defined promoter region and six major domains. The first five domains were encoded by the first exon. These domains included a B-lectin / agglutinin domain, an S-locus glycoprotein domain, an EGF-like repeat, a PAN domain, a transmembrane region and part of the 6th domain. The 6th domain was a kinase domain consisting of eleven sub-domains interspersed by three introns. The gene was therefore designated as the N. tabacum S-domain Receptor-like kinase (NS-RLK).

Au Yeung, Wan Kin. / "August 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-103). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis committee --- p.i / Statement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / General abbreviations --- p.vi / Abbreviations of chemicals --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.ix / List of figures in Appendix VI --- p.xii / List of tables --- p.xiv / Table of Contents --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The significance of studying rice disease resistance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Economic importance of rice --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Diseases caused by pathogens virulent to rice --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Bacterial leaf blight diseases --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Fungal blast diseases --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Approach to enhance resistance of crops towards pathogens --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review on plant immunity system --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and PAMP -triggered immunity (PTI) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Pathogen effectors and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Roles of phytohormones in plant defense responses --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- G protein signaling and plant defense responses --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Literature review on FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Background information of this study - origin of the clone chosen for study in this project --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Hypothesis and Objectives --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Plants, bacterial strains and vectors" --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemicals and Regents --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Commercial kits --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Primers and Adaptors --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Equipments and facilities used --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- "Buffer, solution, gel and medium" --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Bacterial and yeast cultures --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Plant growth conditions and treatments --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Surface sterilization of J. thaliana seeds --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Environmental conditions of A. thaliana for germination of seeds and growing of seedlings --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Environmental conditions of A. thaliana for growing of plants --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Pathogen inoculation test of A. thaliana with Pst DC3000 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Cloning and subcloning of OsFKBP 12 and OsUCCl --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Sub-cloning of OsFKBP12 to pGEX-4T-l and pMAL-c2 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Cloning of OsUCCl to pGEX-4T-l --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- "DNA, RNA and protein extractions" --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Plasmid extraction from bacterial cells --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Genomic DNA extraction from plant through CTAB method --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- RNA extraction from plant tissues --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Protein extraction from plant tissues --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Fusion protein extraction from E. coli --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Western blot analyses --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Western blot analysis of GST tag and MBP tag fusion proteins --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Western blot analysis native OsYchFl proteins --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Real-time PCR study --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- cDNA synthesis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Real-time PCR --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Yeast two hybrid --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Screening of OsFKBP 12 interaction protein partners by yeast mating --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Identification of positive interacting protein partners by extracting DNA plasmid from yeast --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- Re-transformation of pGBKTl-OsFKBP 12 with their interacting partner clones into yeast (AH 109) by co-transformation --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- In vitro pull down assay of OsFKBP 12 with their putative protein interacting partner --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.8.1 --- In vitro pull down of native OsYchFl by MBP-His-OsFKBP12 --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.8.2 --- In vitro pull down of GST-AtYchF 1 by MBP-His-OsFKBP12 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.8.3 --- In vitro pull down of MBP-His-OsFKBP12 by GST-OsUCCl --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.8.4 --- In vitro pull down of MBP-His-OsFKBP12 by GST-OsYchFl G domain --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- GTPase assay ofOsYchF with OsFKBP12 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.0 --- Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Identification of OsFKBP 12 encoding a FKBP (FK506 binding protein)-domain containing protein in Oryza sativa (rice) --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- OsFKBP12 was down-regulated in the pathogen-inoculated Xal4 rice line CBB14 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Ecotpic expression of OsFKBP 12 repressed the expression of defense marker genes in transgenic A. thaliana --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- Expressing OsFKBP 12 in transgenic A. thaliana enhanced the susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000 --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- OsFKBP 12 protein interacted with a putative defense-related G-protein and a copper binding protein --- p.57 / Chapter 3.6 --- "OsFKBP 12 protein interacted with the G domain of defense-related G protein, OsYchFl" --- p.69 / Chapter 3.7 --- OsFKBP 12 protein enhanced the in vitro phosphate release of OsYchFl --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1 --- The identification and characterization of OsFKBP 12 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2 --- Expression pattern of OsFKBP 12 upon biotic stress in bacterial blight resistant near isogenic line (NIL) --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3 --- OsFKBP 12 repressed the expression of SA-regulated defense marker genes when ectopically expressed in A. thaliana --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4 --- Ectopic expression of OsFKBP 12 enhanced susceptibility towards Pst DC3000 in transgenic A. thaliana --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5 --- The interacting partners of OsFKBP 12 in relation to plant defense response --- p.78 / Chapter 4.6 --- The specific biochemical interaction of OsFKBP 12 with OsYchFl --- p.80 / Chapter 4.7 --- Future perspectives --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.87 / References --- p.89 / Appendix --- p.104

Lam Sze Kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-200). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Table of contents --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.xii / 撮要 --- p.xv / List of Abbreviations --- p.xvi / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Figures --- p.xix / TABLE OF CONTENTS / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Overview of Chitinases --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Classification of Chitinases --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.1.1. --- Family 19 Chitinases --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.1. --- Class I Chitinases --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.2. --- Class II Chitinases --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.3. --- Class IV Chitinases --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.4. --- Class V Chitinases --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.5. --- Class VI Chitinases --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.1.2. --- Family 18 Chitinases --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.1.2.1. --- PR-8/Class III Chitinases --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.1.2.2. --- PR-11 Chitinases --- p.15 / Chapter 1.1.1.3. --- The PR-4 Family --- p.16 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Catalytic Mechanism of Chitinases --- p.19 / Chapter 1.1.2.1. --- Catalytic Mechanism of Family 18 Chitinases --- p.20 / Chapter 1.1.2.2. --- Catalytic Mechanism of Family 19 Chitinases --- p.21 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Biological Properties of Chitinases --- p.22 / Chapter 1.1.3.1. --- Antifungal Activity of Chitinases in vitro --- p.22 / Chapter 1.1.3.2. --- Antifungal Activity of Chitinases in vivo --- p.23 / Chapter 1.1.3.3. --- Other Functions --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2. --- Overview of Ribonucleases --- p.25 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Classification of Ribonucleases --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2.1.1. --- RNase T1 Family --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2.1.1.1. --- Action Mechanism of RNase T1 Family --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.1.2. --- RNase T2 Family --- p.34 / Chapter 1.2.1.2.1. --- Action Mechanism of RNase T2 Family --- p.36 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Biological Activities of Plant Ribonucleases --- p.38 / Chapter 1.2.2.1. --- Phosphate Remobilization --- p.38 / Chapter 1.2.2.2. --- Senescence --- p.39 / Chapter 1.2.2.3. --- Programmed Cell Death --- p.40 / Chapter 1.2.2.4. --- Plant Defense --- p.41 / Chapter 1.2.2.5. --- RNA Processing and Decay --- p.43 / Chapter 1.2.2.6. --- Antitumor Activities --- p.43 / Chapter 1.3. --- Overview of plant ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) --- p.45 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- General properties of RIPs --- p.46 / Chapter 1.3.1.1. --- Classification of RIPs --- p.46 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Activities of Ribosome-inactivating Proteins --- p.52 / Chapter 1.3.2.1. --- RNA N-glycosidase activity --- p.52 / Chapter 1.3.2.2. --- Protein synthesis inhibitory activity --- p.58 / Chapter 1.3.2.3. --- Abortifacient activity --- p.59 / Chapter 1.3.2.4. --- Immunosuppressive activity --- p.60 / Chapter 1.3.2.5. --- Antiviral activity --- p.61 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Roles of RIPs in plants --- p.63 / Chapter 1.3.3.1. --- Defensive role of RIPs in plants --- p.63 / Chapter 1.3.3.2. --- Role of RIPs in stress adaptation in plants --- p.66 / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Possible application of RIPs --- p.67 / Chapter 1.3.4.1. --- Use of RIPs in therapies --- p.67 / Chapter 1.3.4.1.1. --- Antiviral agents --- p.67 / Chapter 1.3.4.1.2. --- Immunotoxins --- p.68 / Chapter 1.3.4.1.3. --- Anti-HIV drugs --- p.69 / Chapter 1.3.4.2. --- Use of RIPs in agriculture --- p.71 / Chapter 1.4. --- Overview of the PR-5 Family: Thaumatin-Like Proteins (TLPs) --- p.72 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Occurrence of Thaumatin-Like Proteins --- p.76 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Biological properties of TLPs --- p.77 / Chapter 1.4.2.1. --- Antifungal Activity --- p.77 / Chapter 1.4.2.2. --- TLPs as Anti-Freeze Protein --- p.78 / Chapter 1.4.3. --- Biotechnological Application ´ؤ Transgenic Plants --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.81 / Chapter 2.1. --- Materials --- p.81 / Chapter 2.2. --- Preparation of Crude Extract --- p.82 / Chapter 2.3. --- Purification --- p.83 / Chapter 2.4. --- Chromatography --- p.84 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- CM-Cellulose Chromatography --- p.84 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Mono S® HR 5/5 and Mono Q® HR 5/5 --- p.85 / Chapter 2.4.3. --- Affi-gel Blue gel --- p.86 / Chapter 2.4.4. --- Superdex75 --- p.87 / Chapter 2.5. --- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.88 / Chapter 2.6. --- Protein Concentration Determination --- p.89 / Chapter 2.7. --- Preparation of Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate --- p.90 / Chapter 2.8. --- Determination of N-terminal Amino Acid Sequence --- p.91 / Chapter 2.9. --- Biological Activity Assays --- p.92 / Chapter 2.9.1. --- Assay for Antifungal Activity --- p.92 / Chapter 2.9.2. --- Assay for Cell-Free Translation Inhibitory Activity --- p.93 / Chapter 2.9.3. --- Assay of Cytotoxic Activity on Cancer Cell Lines --- p.94 / Chapter 2.9.4. --- Assay for HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Inhibitory Activity --- p.95 / Chapter 2.9.5. --- Assay of Mitogenic Activity --- p.97 / Chapter 2.9.6. --- Assay for N-Glycosidase Activity --- p.98 / Chapter 2.9.6.1. --- RNA Extraction --- p.98 / Chapter 2.9.6.2. --- Aniline Treatment --- p.99 / Chapter 2.9.6.3. --- Formaldehyde Gel Electrophoresis --- p.99 / Chapter 2.9.7. --- Assay of Ribonuclease Activity --- p.100 / Chapter 2.9.7.1. --- Assay for Yeast tRNA --- p.100 / Chapter 2.9.7.2. --- Activity toward Polyhomoribonucleotides --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Purification and Characterization of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins from their Respective Sources --- p.101 / Chapter 3.1. --- Purification and Characterization of Chitinase and Ribonuclease from the Roots of Panax notoginseng --- p.102 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Results --- p.104 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Purification --- p.107 / Chapter 3.1.3.1. --- Cation-Exchange Chromatography on CM-Cellulose --- p.108 / Chapter 3.1.3.2. --- Affinity Chromatography on Affi-gel Blue gel --- p.111 / Chapter 3.1.3.3. --- Cation-Exchange Chromatography on Mono S Column --- p.114 / Chapter 3.1.3.4. --- Gel Filtration on Superdex 75 Column --- p.115 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Characterization of Chitinase --- p.117 / Chapter 3.1.4.1. --- N-terminal Amino Acid Sequence --- p.117 / Chapter 3.1.4.2. --- Assay for Antifungal Activity --- p.118 / Chapter 3.1.4.3. --- Assay for Cell-Free Translation-inhibitory Activity --- p.120 / Chapter 3.1.4.4. --- Assay for HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activity --- p.120 / Chapter 3.1.5. --- Characterization of Ribonuclease --- p.121 / Chapter 3.1.5.1. --- N-terminal Amino Acid Sequence --- p.121 / Chapter 3.1.5.2. --- Assay for Ribonuclease Activity --- p.122 / Chapter 3.1.5.3. --- Assay for Cell-Free Translation-inhibitory Activity --- p.125 / Chapter 3.1.5.4. --- Assay for Antifungal Activity --- p.125 / Chapter 3.1.5.5. --- Assay for Antiproliferative Activity --- p.126 / Chapter 3.1.6. --- Discussion --- p.127 / Chapter 3.2. --- Purification and Characterization of Ribosome-Inactivating Protein and Antifungal Protein from the mushroom Lyophyllum shimeji --- p.131 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.131 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Results --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Purification --- p.134 / Chapter 3.2.3.1. --- Cation-Exchange Chromatography on CM-Cellulose --- p.135 / Chapter 3.2.3.2. --- Affinity Chromatography on Affi-gel Blue Gel --- p.137 / Chapter 3.2.3.3. --- Cation-Exchange Chromatography on Mono S --- p.140 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Characterization of Ribosome-Inactivating Protein and Antifungal Protein from Lyophyllum shimeji --- p.142 / Chapter 3.2.4.1. --- N-terminal Amino Acid Sequence --- p.142 / Chapter 3.2.4.2. --- Assay for Antifungal Activity --- p.144 / Chapter 3.2.4.3. --- Assay for N-glycosidase Activity --- p.147 / Chapter 3.2.4.4. --- Assay for Mitogenic Activity --- p.147 / Chapter 3.2.4.5. --- Assay for HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activity --- p.148 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Discussion --- p.150 / Chapter 3.3. --- Purification and Characterization of Ribosome-inactivating Protein from the Hypsizigus marmoreus --- p.153 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Introduction --- p.153 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Result --- p.154 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Purification --- p.155 / Chapter 3.3.3.1. --- Cation-Exchange Chromatography on CM-Cellulose --- p.156 / Chapter 3.3.3.2. --- Affinity-Chromatography on Affi-gel Blue Gel --- p.158 / Chapter 3.3.3.3. --- Anion-Exchange Chromatography on Mono Q Column --- p.160 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Characterization of Ribosome-inactivating Protein from Hypsizigus marmoreus --- p.162 / Chapter 3.3.4.1. --- N-terminal Amino Acid Sequence --- p.162 / Chapter 3.3.4.2. --- Assay for Cell-Free Translation-Inhibiting Activity --- p.163 / Chapter 3.3.4.3. --- Assay for Antifungal Activity --- p.164 / Chapter 3.3.4.4. --- Assay for N-glycosidase Activity --- p.166 / Chapter 3.3.4.5. --- Assay for HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activity --- p.166 / Chapter 3.3.4.6. --- Assay for mitogenic Activity --- p.167 / Chapter 3.3.4.7. --- Assay for Antiproliferative Activity --- p.167 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- Discussion --- p.159 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- General Discussion --- p.170 / References --- p.172