nÃo hà / Este estudo objetivou investigar se o Brasil està passando por um processo de desindustrializaÃÃo e qual o papel da infraestrutura logÃstica neste processo. A importÃncia desta aplicaÃÃo justificou-se pelo fato da indÃstria ser a atividade dinÃmica da economia e pelo fato do investimento em infraestrutura logÃstica ser apontado de forma recorrente como fundamental para a competitividade da indÃstria. Para tal, foram analisados dados do valor adicionado, do emprego e do comÃrcio internacional. AvaliaÃÃo conjunta destes indicadores confirmou a hipÃtese de que o Brasil està passando por um processo de desindustrializaÃÃo. Para a realizaÃÃo dos estudos logÃsticos foram coletados dados secundÃrios dos projetos federais em infraestrutura logÃstica previstos no Programa de AceleraÃÃo do Crescimento (PAC) e no Plano Nacional de LogÃstica e Transporte (PNLT). Os resultados mostraram que os incrementos em infraestrutura nÃo reverteram o processo de desindustrializaÃÃo em curso, na verdade, contribuÃram para a consolidaÃÃo de uma base exportadora essencialmente primÃria. / This study aimed to investigate if Brazil is going through a processo of deindustrialization and the role of logistics infraestructure in this process. The importance of this application is centred on the fact that the industry is the most dynamic activity of the economy and because of the logistics infraestructure investment is frequently appointed on a recurring basis as critical to the competitiveness of international trade. Joint assessment of these indicators comfirm the hypothesis that in Brazil is a deindustrialization process. For the realization of logistical study were collected secondary data from federal projects in logistics infraestruture provided in Growth Accelation Program (PAC) and the Logistics and Transportations Nacional Plan (PNLT). The results showed that the increases in infraestructure not reversed the deindustrialization process in progress. In fact, they contributed to the consolidation of an essentially primary export base.

Orientador: Ana Lúcia Gonçalves da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T07:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sampaio_DanielPereira_M.pdf: 2632878 bytes, checksum: 036f7d19dff1ed60eb68169825dfa809 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A dissertação visa realizar uma análise exploratória dos dados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual, no período de 1996 a 2007, com objetivo de verificar quais foram as principais regiões e setores afetados em suas cadeias produtivas, utilizando o indicador de VTI/VBPI. A análise mostrou que o estado de São Paulo apresentou queda do indicador em importantes setores da economia tais como fabricação de produtos eletrônicos, fabricação de produtos químicos e fabricação de máquinas e equipamentos, o que demonstra que os efeitos de encadeamento nos setores mais intensivos em tecnologia foram sentidos nesse estado. Os estados do Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe, Pará e Espírito Santo estão se especializando em setores intensivos em recursos naturais, nas atividades ligadas ao minério de ferro e petróleo. Bahia, Minas Gerais e Paraná são estados mais diversificados, não apresentam especialização, mas o indicador de adensamento das cadeias produtivas manteve-se em patamares próximos ao do Brasil em função da atividade de refino de petróleo. O estado do Amazonas apresentou queda no indicador de adensamento das cadeias produtivas no setor de eletrônicos, porém o resultado para este estado também se manteve próximo ao do Brasil, resultado que pode ser explicado pelo crescimento do indicador no setor de edição, impressão e reprodução de gravações. Os resultados demonstram que importantes setores da indústria brasileira apresentaram trajetórias setoriais semelhantes nos estados produtores, o que aponta para a idéia de que fatores sistêmicos, condicionados interna e externamente, tais como a condução da política macroeconômica e estratégias empresariais globais, sejam os maiores responsáveis pelo ajuste microeconômico voltado para uma maior importação de insumos principalmente em setores mais intensivos em tecnologia, que cortam praticamente todas as demais cadeias produtivas / Abstract: The essay aim to realize an exploratory analysis of data from the Annual Industrial Survey, between the years of 1996 to 2007, in order to ascertain which were the main areas and sectors affected in their supply chains, using the "VTI/VBPI" indicator. The analysis has shown that the state of São Paulo presented a decrease on the indicator at important sectors of economy, such as electronics manufacturing, chemicals manufacturing and manufacture of machinery and equipments, which demonstrates that the effects of chaining in more technology intensive sectors were felt in this state. The states of Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe, Pará and Espírito Santo are specializing in more intensive sectors of natural resources, at the activity related to iron ore and oil. Bahia, Minas Gerais and Parana states are more diversified, have no expertise, but the densification of productive chains indicator remained at levels close to the ones of Brazil due to the activity of petroleum refining. The state of Amazonas presented a decrease at the densification of productive chains indicator in the electronics sector, however the result for this state is also close to the Brazil's, outcome that can be explained by the grown of the publishing, printing and recordings reproduction sector indicator. The results demonstrates that important sectors of Brazilian industry presents similar sectoral trajectories at the producing states which indicates the idea that systemic factors, conditioned internally and externally, such as the conduction of macroeconomic politics and global business strategies, are the major responsible for the microeconomic adjustment turned to the higher imports of inputs especially in technology-intensive sectors, and that nearly cut all other supply chains / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Através do estudo do processo de desindustrialização e da reestruturação em curso de um fragmento da metrópole de São Paulo, a pesquisa busca compreender aspectos da reprodução da urbanização no momento atual. Este fragmento, situado ao norte do distrito de Santo Amaro, constitui-se a partir da grande industrialização das décadas de 1950/60/70, como uma área industrial e um local de moradia da classe operária. A indústria foi o principal indutor da urbanização do lugar, organizando a sua vida social, constituindo-se em sua principal referência, produzindo uma vida cotidiana fragmentada. Verificamos, no entanto, que há um período relativamente curto de estabelecimento da indústria aí, pois já a partir do final da década de 1980 se verifica o início do declínio industrial no fragmento, processo que se intensifica na década de 1990 e se acentua ainda mais no momento atual. Com isso, há uma desintegração da vida social no fragmento decorrente da saída ou do fechamento de indústrias, já que bares fecham, espaços de moradias operárias são desocupadas e demolidas, muitos edifícios e terrenos industriais permanecem abandonados. Ao mesmo tempo, este espaço de desindustrialização, por ter uma localização privilegiada em relação a áreas já consolidadas como centralidades de negócios, passa a receber empreendimentos ligados às lógicas \"modernas\" do eixo empresarial sudoeste. Identificamos hoje, como momento inicial de transformação do fragmento, processos indicativos da passagem de uma área industrial para uma área voltada para novas atividades terciárias, o que é evidenciado pela instalação de grandes empreendimentos de eventos e shows e de novos condomínios residenciais de médio-alto padrão. Como tendência, este espaço de desindustrialização pode vir a se tornar uma área de valorização, colocando-se como a extensão das centralidades de negócios que historicamente se expandem na metrópole de São Paulo em direção sudoeste (Centro Histórico-Paulista-Faria Lima-Berrini). Esta expansão do eixo de negócios na metrópole se configura como um processo amplamente subsidiado por ideologias disseminadas na sociedade (emplacadas pelos discursos empresariais que são encampados pelo Estado) - com destaque para a ideologia do progresso (do crescimento ilimitado), que aparece como desenvolvimento social, como se a incorporação de áreas ao circuito das atividades \"modernas\" e da valorização fosse benéfica para todo o conjunto da sociedade. Como hipótese central do trabalho, verificamos que esse processo contribui decisivamente para um aprofundamento da fragmentação da vida cotidiana daqueles que ali vivem, pois as novas relações que se impõem no fragmento, desintegradoras das relações pretéritas (a prática sócioespacial, já fragmentada, da indústria), criam diferenciações no uso do espaço, produzindo novas separações, segregando as pessoas que moram ali. Assim, há um aprofundamento da fragmentação da vida cotidiana com as transformações em curso, pois elas criam uma nova prática sócioespacial em que o uso do espaço é cada vez mais mediado pela lógica do valor de troca. Ou seja, com o avanço das atividades terciárias, voltadas para um consumo de médio-alto padrão, com a sua espacialidade característica, avançam novas relações que implicam mudanças profundas na vida das pessoas do lugar, tornando incerta a permanência dessas pessoas aí. Assim, a pesquisa busca contemplar duas lógicas conflitantes no urbano - a da transformação do fragmento em fronteira econômica, com a expansão de centralidades de negócios (devido a disponibilidade de terrenos e a localização privilegiada) e a do lugar como moradia e espaço da vida de muitas pessoas. / Through the study of the deindustrialization process and of the restructuring proccess currently occurring in a fragmented portion of the metropolis of São Paulo, the research seeks to understand aspects pertaining to the reproduction of urbanization in our days. This fragment, located to the north portion of the Santo Amaro district, is part of the large industrialization occurred in the 50\'s, 60\'s and 70\'s, as an industrial area and a housing locale for the worker class. Industry was the main inductor of urbanization in that place, organizing its social life, constituted in its main reference, producing a fragmented everyday life (private life, work life and leisure time). However, we checked that there is a relatively short period of time regarding the establishment of industry there, for already at the end of the 80\'s the beginning of the industrial decline within that fragment is seen, a process that is intensified during the 90\'s and accentuated even further during our days. Thus, there is a breaking of the integration chain of the fragment due to the exiting or shutting down of industries, given that, consequently, bars close, worker housing complexes are unoccupied and demolished, and many buildings and industrial real estate are left abandoned. At the same time, due to this deindustrialization space having a privileged localization in relation to areas already consolidated as business centers, it starts to take in undertakings linked to \"modern\" logics of the Southwest business axis. We identify today, as an initial time of transformation for the fragment, processes that indicate the breeze by of an industrial area to an area oriented toward new tertiary activities, which is evidenced by the settling in of large event space undertakings, concert/show arenas and new residential condominiums of average standard buildings. As a tendency, this deindustrialization space may one day become a valued area if it is deemed an extension of the business centers that, in the metropolis of São Paulo, historically move and expand southwest bound (Historical Center-Paulista Avenue-Faria Lima-Berrini). This expansion of the business axis in the metropolis is configured as a process widely subsidized by ideologies spread throughout society (backed up by corporate speeches that are encamped by the State) - relating to social development, as if the incorporation of areas to the circuit of \"modern\" activities and valorization activities would bring benefits to society as a whole. As the core hypothesis of the paper, we verified that this process decisively contributes toward a further deepening of the fragmentation of the everyday life of those who live there, for the new relations that are imposed within the fragment, breaking bonds of past relations (the already fragmented industry\'s social-space practice), create differentiations in the use of the space, producing new separations, segregating peoples who live there. Thus, there is further deepening of the everyday life fragmentation due to the transformations endured by the fragment, for they create a new social-space practice in which the use of the space is ever more mediated by the logic behind trade value. That is, with the advancement of tertiary activities oriented toward average-to-high standards, with its characteristic spatiality, move onward with new relations that imply profound changes in the lives of people who inhabit that fragment, bringing uncertainty as to the possibility of those people remaining there. Thus, the research seeks to contemplate two conflicting logics in the urban setting - the logic of the fragment transformation into an economic frontier, with the expansion of the business centers (due to real estate availability and privileged localization) and the logic of the place as means of housing and living space for many people.

This thesis engages deindustrialization as a lived process and applies the concepts of precarity as they relate to communities navigating processes of deindustrialization. Through ethnographic interviews and participant observation research conducted over the summer of 2017 I examine the lived experiences of circular migrant labourers and their significant others, who live in the former coal town of Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, as they engage in strategies to keep their families in the community. I explore the continuities of industrialization, deindustrialization and labour; the history of work in the region; the present sacrifices that families make to stay in the communities; why families stay; and what they circular migrant labourers and their significant others imagine the future of the region will look like as they raise their children there. Further, as circular migrant labourers are away from home and their families for significant amounts of time, often at irregular schedules, I ask about the strategies that labourers and their families use to eke out a living in a marginalized community. I ask participants what it is like to have to leave the community for work; what it is like to stay behind while your significant other is away for work; what is it like to be home together; and what strategies are used to keep in touch. One such strategy is the use of internet communication technologies to negotiate physical and social distance. However, these technologies do not always necessarily make up for time spent away from loved ones. / Graduate / 2019-04-17

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What happens after a place has been exploited, isolated, and neglected? What occurs when that place is bound – confined – by impenetrable voids of dereliction? Its core, slowing diffracting, with no opportunity to perceive outward – beyond the derelict terrain to the boundless expanses of earth and water that have perpetuated its vitality. And what then, if for a moment, this decaying place is given a view beyond these boundaries? Deindustrialization has invariably altered modern cultural conceptions of control over nature. The terrain remaining after decades of resource exploitation is composed of deep voids and fissures that reside physically, psychologically, and theoretically in-between the accepted realms of culture and nature. This thesis explores the perversion and dissolution of these two opposing realms within the sublime and fantastical derelict landscape of a declining town. Deindustrial voids are considered as both barrier and bridge; serving as persistent symbolic reminders of the volatile and hubristic relationship between culture and nature, and offering potential reconnection to the natural landscape of a city’s foundation. Reacting to collective nostalgia through memorialisation, totemism, and erasure, typical design interventions continue to prioritize cultural domination and emphasize the designer as creator in order to reassert control over the chaos of deindustrialization, often resulting in placeless infilling of the void. Ideas of extimacy, alterity, and ruination, with influences from the fields of industrial archaeology and landscape architecture, ground contemporary reactions to the deindustrial void and explore the role of landscape in the creation and fragmentation of ideas of place for the dissolving North American industrial city. Both inspired and situated within the declining former town of Fort William, Ontario, this thesis surveys an abandoned industrial corridor that encircles the town, severing it from the liminal water’s edge and landscape beyond. Viewed as a palimpsest, this site is considered beyond its most recent industrial usage to expose a place-specific natural/cultural terrain comprised of material and immaterial layers of evolution and exploitation. This thesis positions the architect as perceiver, hoping to inspire sensitivity, pause, and reflection and resists ideas of forced transformation as a means of outwardly expressing progress. It immerses itself within the in-between places that blur preconceived boundaries – natural and cultural, past and future, controlled and chaotic – in order to encounter the inherent existential qualities of a site in transition.

What happens after a place has been exploited, isolated, and neglected? What occurs when that place is bound – confined – by impenetrable voids of dereliction? Its core, slowing diffracting, with no opportunity to perceive outward – beyond the derelict terrain to the boundless expanses of earth and water that have perpetuated its vitality. And what then, if for a moment, this decaying place is given a view beyond these boundaries? Deindustrialization has invariably altered modern cultural conceptions of control over nature. The terrain remaining after decades of resource exploitation is composed of deep voids and fissures that reside physically, psychologically, and theoretically in-between the accepted realms of culture and nature. This thesis explores the perversion and dissolution of these two opposing realms within the sublime and fantastical derelict landscape of a declining town. Deindustrial voids are considered as both barrier and bridge; serving as persistent symbolic reminders of the volatile and hubristic relationship between culture and nature, and offering potential reconnection to the natural landscape of a city’s foundation. Reacting to collective nostalgia through memorialisation, totemism, and erasure, typical design interventions continue to prioritize cultural domination and emphasize the designer as creator in order to reassert control over the chaos of deindustrialization, often resulting in placeless infilling of the void. Ideas of extimacy, alterity, and ruination, with influences from the fields of industrial archaeology and landscape architecture, ground contemporary reactions to the deindustrial void and explore the role of landscape in the creation and fragmentation of ideas of place for the dissolving North American industrial city. Both inspired and situated within the declining former town of Fort William, Ontario, this thesis surveys an abandoned industrial corridor that encircles the town, severing it from the liminal water’s edge and landscape beyond. Viewed as a palimpsest, this site is considered beyond its most recent industrial usage to expose a place-specific natural/cultural terrain comprised of material and immaterial layers of evolution and exploitation. This thesis positions the architect as perceiver, hoping to inspire sensitivity, pause, and reflection and resists ideas of forced transformation as a means of outwardly expressing progress. It immerses itself within the in-between places that blur preconceived boundaries – natural and cultural, past and future, controlled and chaotic – in order to encounter the inherent existential qualities of a site in transition.

The Brazilian process of deindustrialization has been the subject of several debates over the last decade due to the behavior of the Brazilian economy in this period. However, such national debates are not a phenomenon if compared with other economies as it occurs at federal units. Thus, if was set an objective in this work. To analyze the evolution of Maranhão industry since 2000, based on the coefficients of trade openness of the state and its foreign trade flows in this period, identifying the main products exported and imported by the state as well as the origins and destinations of these products. As a result, we found that the exterior trade flows in Maranhão are medium and low technological intensity and non-industrial products. As importation it prevails products with low and medium intensity. Trade relations showed a not very diversified market with few destinations and origins of products. The export coefficients, although low, have a tendency of growth, though they are overcame by the import coefficients which have much higher rates in both industry and sector. / O processo de desindustrialização brasileira vem sendo objeto de diversas discussões ao longo da última década em razão do comportamento da economia brasileira no período. No entanto, tais discussões se concentram em âmbito nacional, em sua comparação com outras economias, não se destacando como o fenômeno ocorre nas unidades federadas. Assim, traçou-se, como objetivo deste trabalho, analisar a evolução da indústria maranhense nos anos 2000, com base nos coeficientes de abertura comercial do Estado e de seus fluxos de comércio exterior no período, identificando-se os principais produtos exportados e importados pelo Estado, bem como os destinos e origens desses produtos. Como resultados, encontrou-se que os fluxos de comércio exterior maranhenses são concentrados em produtos de média baixa intensidade tecnológica e em produtos não industriais. Em termos de importação, tem-se a predominância de produtos com baixa e média baixa intensidade As relações comerciais revelaram um mercado não muito diversificado com poucos destinos e origens de produtos,. Os coeficientes de exportação apresentam tendência de crescimento, apesar de baixos e de não serem superados pelos coeficientes de importação, que têm índices bem mais altos, tanto para na indústria total como setorial.

Les recherches sur la ville de Nijni Novgorod suscitent des interrogations au sujet de la «ville-nature». Les spécificités de ce territoire, situé dans un autre contexte culturel, nous incitent à contester la généralisation d'un paradigme, celui de la «ville-nature». Il s'agit de revisiter la ville russe contemporaine par la complexité des interactions entre la construction urbaine, conçue par l'homme, et les processus naturels. Par le biais de la «ville-nature» nous repensons la ville et ses changements de conception : le passage d'une ville russe ancienne à la grande ville et à la ville socialiste. L'étude historique était essentielle pour comprendre le phénomène d'urbanisation et les origines des «natures» dans le milieu urbain, dont l'hétérogénéité résulte d'une séquence de bouleversements économiques et politiques. Nijni Novgorod ‒ centre d'agglomération industrielle, pendant la période soviétique Gorki — est fortement marquée par l'industrie. La postsoviétisation et la désindustrialisation ont engendré une recomposition urbaine, en rendant la structure urbaine illisible. Nijni Novgorod s'inscrit dans le territoire par des réseaux multiples dont la reconnaissance et la distinction, réalisées par une lecture stratifiée, à l'aide de la cartographie, mettent en évidence l'émergence du «vert» et participe à la qualification des espaces ouverts. «Sortir du vert» suppose de revisiter le rapport entre l'écologie et l'économie, ainsi que de reconsidérer la présence de la nature dans le milieu urbain par des activités économiques, des enjeux politiques et l'usage des processus naturels par l'homme. La thèse est structurée en entrées thématiques afin de présenter la diversité des rapports que la Nijni Novgorod contemporaine entretient avec la nature. Tout d'abord, sa position à la confluence de la Volga et l'Oka a prédéterminé sa viabilité économique et en même temps a posé le problème de la complexité des conditions naturelles, l'hydrographie et la topographie notamment. En dépit de la réalisation de travaux d'aménagements pendant le XXe siècle, les sols urbains restent difficilement praticables et vulnérables aux processus naturels. Dans la recherche, les espaces ouverts et végétalisés, considérés jusqu'à maintenant non constructibles, sont revisités comme appartenant à l'infrastructure paysagère. Des principes nouveaux d'aménagement sont recherchés pour réorganiser les processus naturels afin d'améliorer la qualité des sols urbains ; le travail du paysagiste s'accorde avec celui de l'ingénieur. Ensuite, la planification stratégique des années 1930 a prédéfini la structure éparpillée de Nijni Novgorod, pensée pour les industries. L'incohérence urbaine résulte des contradictions apparues entre la conception de la ville socialiste unie et la décentralisation uniforme des industries. Les espaces verts conservent l'empreinte des changements sociaux brutaux, de l'inaction politique et des pratiques d'aménagement urbain par les propres moyens des habitants. Le déclin de l'URSS a entraîné l'abandon des grands parcs publics, dont les qualités se rapprochent de celles des terrains réservés pour les espaces verts qui ne furent jamais aménagés. Cependant, la pauvreté des parcs urbains est compensée par la richesse des formes d'agriculture urbaine et périurbaine. Le tissu bâti est composé d'une morphologie dite intermédiaire, incluant des parcelles pour des activités agricoles. Enfin, les processus actuels sont considérés à travers des pratiques d'aménagement qui accompagnent la régénération postindustrielle et l'installation des nouvelles activités. À Nijni Novgorod, la transition postsoviétique accorde de nouvelles données pour le projet urbain, or ce passage se complique par l'ancrage des dogmes soviétiques dans la pensée actuelle. La recherche est réalisée à la rencontre des regards : architectural, territorial et paysager, par le croisement de méthodes différentes : l'histoire, la cartographie, le travail d'enquête sur le terrain. / The researches on the city of Nizhny Novgorod raise questions concerning “city-nature”. The specificities of this territory, situated in another cultural context, incite to contest the generalization of one paradigm, that of “city-nature”. This means to revisit the contemporary Russian city through the complexity of the interactions between the urban construction, which is conceived by human, and the natural processes. Through the “city-nature” we are questioning the “city” and the changes in its conception: the passage from the Russian town to the growing city and to the socialist city. The historic study was essential towards the understanding of the phenomenon of urbanization and the origins of the "natures", presented in the urban area. Its heterogeneousness results from a sequence of the economic and political upheavals. Nizhny Novgorod, during the Soviet period Gorky, is the centre of an industrial conglomeration; it is strongly marked by the industry. The postsoviétisation and the deindustrialization engendered the spatial reorganization and made the urban structure illegible. Nizhny Novgorod fit in the territory by multiple networks. Their recognition and distinction, realized by stratified reading through the cartographic analysis, puts in evidence the emergence of the "green" and participle in the qualification of the opened spaces. "Go out of the green" supposes to revisit the report between the ecology and the economy, as well as to reconsider the presence of the nature in the urban area by economic activities, the political aims and the usage of the natural processes by human. The thesis is structured by the thematic entrances in order to present the diversity of reports which contemporary Nijni Novgorod maintains with the nature. First of all, its position in the confluence of the Volga and Oka predetermined the economic viability and at the same time raised the problem of the complexity of the natural conditions, the hydrography and the topography particularly. In spite of improving the urban environment during the XXth century, the urban grounds remain practicable with difficulties and vulnerable in the natural processes. In the researches, the open and vegetated spaces, considered so far as not for construction, are revisited as belonging to the landscaped infrastructure. New principles of urban design are looked for to reorganize the natural processes in order to improve the quality of the urban grounds; the landscape design requires the engineering skills. Then, the strategic planning of the 1930s has predefined the disperse framework by Nijni Novgorod, conceived for the industries. The reason of urban incoherence due to the contradictions appeared between the conception of the united socialist city and the regular decentralization of the industries across the country. The urban green spaces conserve the imprint of the social upheavals, the political inactivity and the practices of urban design by the inhabitants with their own means. The decline of the USSR entailed the desolation of the city parks, whose qualities nowadays get closer to those of the spaces reserved for the new parks which were never realized. However, the poverty of the urban green spaces is compensated with the diversity of the forms of urban and suburban agriculture. The urban morphology consists of intermediate types, which include household plots, particularly for the gardens. Finally, the current processes are studied through the strategies of spatial organization, which will accompany the post-industrial regeneration and installation of the new activities. The post-sovietization brings to Nizhny Novgorod the new conditions for the urban project, but this passage is complicated by the anchoring of the Soviet doctrines in the urban conception. This research is realized on the intersection of the architectural territorial and landscaped regards and by the crossing of different methods: the history, the cartography and the opinion poll.