The overarching goal of this thesis has been to enhance Internet-delivered psychological treatments for depression and its comorbidity. To this end, three randomized controlled trials (Study II, III and IV) with a total of 313 participants were conducted. A prevalence study (Study I) was also conducted to provide an up-to-date estimate of the prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, and their comorbidity in the Swedish general population. Study I showed that more than every sixth individual in Sweden suffers from symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Comorbidity between depression and anxiety was substantial and associated with higher symptom burden and lower health-related quality of life. Study II showed that a tailored Internet-based CBT protocol (ICBT) was effective in reducing symptoms of depression when compared to a control group. Among individuals with more severe depression and comorbidities, the tailored ICBT treatment worked better than standardized ICBT. Study III showed that a psychodynamic Internet-based psychotherapy was highly effective in the treatment of depression, when compared to a group who received psychoeducation and online support. In Study IV, an Internet-delivered affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy proved to have a large effect on depression and a moderately large effect on anxiety disorders. In conclusion, this thesis shows that in the context of treating depression and its comorbidity, Internet-delivered psychological treatments can be potentially enhanced by psychodynamic psychotherapy and by individualization. / Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling har varit att vidareutveckla internetbaserad psykologisk behandling för depression och dess komorbiditet. Tre randomiserade kontrollerade studier (Studie II, III och IV) med totalt 313 deltagare genomfördes i linje med detta syfte. En prevalensstudie (Studie I) genomfördes också för att tillhandahålla ett uppdaterat estimat av prevalensen av depression, ångest och deras komorbiditet i Sverige. Studie I visade att mer än var sjätte individ i Sverige lider av symptom på depression och/eller ångest. Det fanns påtaglig komorbiditet mellan depression och ångest, vilket var associerat med högre symptombörda och lägre livskvalitét. Studie II visade att en skräddarsydd internetbaserad KBT-behandling var effektiv för att reducera symptom på depression, i jämförelse med en kontrollgrupp. Bland individer med svårare depression och komorbiditet, fungerade den skräddarsydda interventionen bättre än en standardiserad. Studie III visade att psykodynamisk internetbehandling var effektiv vid behandling av depression, i jämförelse med en grupp som fick psykoedukation och stödsamtal online. I Studie IV visades att en affektfokuserad psykodynamisk internetbehandling hade stor effekt vad gällde att reducera symptom på depression, och medelstor effekt vad gällde att reducera symptom på ångest. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna avhandling att internetbaserad psykologisk behandling kan potentiellt vidareutvecklas av psykodynamisk psykoterapi och individanpassning, vid behandling av depression och dess komorbiditet.

Predicting who will benefit from what in the treatment of psychiatric disorders is incremental to future development of psychological treatments. In the current study functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from participants with social anxiety disorder (SAD) was used to elucidate whether neural responses to negative evaluation could predict treatment response in SAD. Nine weeks prior to Internet- delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (ICBT) onset, participants viewed negative social stimuli directed either at themselves or an significant other during fMRI scanning. Regression analyses including the differential activations for other-referential criticism in contrast to self-referential criticism in the posterior mid cingulate cortex (pMCC) and the lingual gyrus (LG) predicted 34% of treatment change as measured by residual gain scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Self-Report (LSAS-SR) in our sample. The final regression model, combining these measures with behavioural measures, which by themselves explained 27% of the variance, resulted in a model explaining 50% of the variance regarding treatment response. This lends additional support to the notion that further elucidating the neurobiological underpinnings of core processes in SAD, as well as the neural correlates of treatment response to CBT, would be of great value in predicting treatment outcome.

The diploma thesis deals with a new growth strategy of the company Škoda Auto a.s., which aims to increase sales to over 1.5 mil. cars a year by the year 2018. This growth strategy is based on four pillars: sales over 1.5 million vehicles targeting on EU and RIC-markets, profitability and financial strength, strategic "spearhead" focused on price/value, practicality and spaciousness and eventually top employer with global talent pool. The goal is to analyze the whole growth strategy. The work is divided into three chapters. The introductory chapter focuses on an automotive history. The second chapter deals with the current situation of the automotive industry and the last part analyzes the particular pillars of the new growth strategy.

Using of wind energy belongs to one of the fastest developing segments in the power production from renewable resources, which also relates to new studies and development of different types of power stations and brings new ideas to small wind sources spheres too. Savonius rotor is included in these spheres as well. This thesis deals with a complete design, realization and trial measurement of single-step Savonius rotor model. Introduction part treats of basic division and rotor utilization. Design part includes the design as well rotor graphical documentation. In the following part there is data evaluation, which leads to comparison with theoretical calculations. The final part includes an examination of possible utilization of Savonius rotor for generation of electricity.

Depression i samband med graviditet förekommer hos ungefär 10% av gravida och medför risker för den gravida och barnet. Många erhåller inte behandling. IKBT kan öka behandlingstillgängligheten och har visat sig effektivt jämfört med sedvanlig mödravård. Utvärderingens syfte var att undersöka skillnader i depressionssymtom före och efter fyra veckor i en IKBT-behandling mot antenatal depression och att jämföra skillnaderna med en tidigare RCT på en snarlik behandling. Huvudfrågeställningen var huruvida depressionssymtom minskar hos patienter med antenatal depression efter fyra veckor i en IKBT-behandling. 26 personer deltog i behandlingen. Förmätning jämfördes med senast kända mätningen efter fyra veckor. Dessa och de veckovisa mätningarna fram till vecka fyra, jämfördes med två icke-randomiserade kontrollgrupper. Skillnad mellan förmätning och senaste mätningen avseende grad av depressionssymtom var signifikant i genomfört t-test och symtomreduktionen tycks vara i nivå med resultat från den tidigare RCT-studien. IKBT skulle således kunna utgöra ett behandlingsalternativ för gravida med depression. Slutsatser bör dras med försiktighet. Framtida forskning inom fältet är av vikt för att validera resultat och för att ge underlag till utvecklingen av behandling vid antenatal depression. / Pregnancy related depression exists in approximately 10% of pregnant people and adds risks for the pregnant individual and the baby. Many are not treated. ICBT may increase the treatment availability and appears to be more effective than conventional maternal health care. The purpose of this evaluation was to examine differences in symptoms of depression before and after four weeks of ICBT-treatment for antenatal depression and to compare the differences with a prior RCT of a similar treatment. The main research question was whether symptom of depression decreases in patients with antenatal depression after four weeks when being treated with an ICBT-treatment. 26 persons participated in the treatment. Pre-measures was compared to the most recent measurement after four weeks. These, and the weekly done measurements up to week four, was compared with two non-randomized control groups. The difference between pre-measures and the most recent measurement regarding degree of depressive symptoms was significant in completed t-test and the reduction of symptoms appears to be on a par with results from the prior RCT. ICBT could be a treatment alternative for pregnant people with depression. Conclusions should be done with caution. Further studies in this field are of importance for validating results and to provide knowledge for the development of treatment for antenatal depression.

No description available.

This research explored in-vitro and in-vivo performance of three salbutamol metered dose inhalers (MDIs): Ventolin Evohaler (Evo), Airomir (Airo) and Salamol. In the in-vitro studies, critical quality attributes of the MDI using an Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) were examined and included measurement of fine particle dose (FPD) and total delivered dose (TDD). Bioequivalence studies were conducted in humans using the urinary pharmacokinetic method. Post-inhalation urinary excretion of salbutamol in the first 0.5 hour (lung deposition, USAL0.5) and over 24 hours (total systemic bioavailability, USAL24) were compared to determine the bioequivalence of the MDIs. The spacers recommended for use with these inhalers were also studied, and charcoal block studies were performed to assess the extent of USAL0.5. The three MDIs had FPD (μg) of 78, 91 and 89, respectively; the latter pair was equivalent. Their USAL0.5 (6, 7 & 7 μg) was however not bioequivalent. These MDIs delivered equivalent dose (177, 174 & 180 μg) which reflected on their USAL24 (101, 84 & 97 μg). Nevertheless, USAL24 was inequivalent between Evo and Airo. The FPD of Evo with Volumatic (VOL), AeroChamber Plus (AERO) and Able spacer was 78, 68 and 74 μg, respectively. The AERO treatment method was not equivalent to the MDI while VOL and Able were equivalent between them. Spacer USAL0.5 (16, 15 & 14 μg) was not bioequivalent to the MDI but to each other. The spacer in-vitro TDD (95, 85 & 92 μg) was inequivalent to the MDI treatment method. In contrast, their USAL24 was bioequivalent (97, 85 & 90 μg). The FPD of Airomir with AERO (95 μg) was in-vitro equivalent while USAL0.5 (15 μg) of this treatment method was bio-inequivalent to the MDI alone. On the contrary, the TDD (110 μg) and USAL24 (84 μg) of AERO were respectively in-vitro inequivalent and bioequivalent to the MDI alone. The FPD (μg) of Salamol MDI alone and with VOL (84) and AERO (86) as well as between the spacers was equivalent. However, the USAL0.5 of the MDI was not bioequivalent to spacers (20 and 18 μg) despite being equivalent between the spacers. In contrast, the respective TDD (103 and 95 μg) of spacer treatment methods were in-vitro inequivalent to the MDI alone albeit having bioequivalent USAL24 (86 and 87 μg). The variations in the in-vitro performance of the three MDIs are most likely due to differences in their formulations and designs. As the performance metrics of the MDI influence lung deposition, substituting one MDI with another can have clinical implications. Although the spacers reduced in-vitro TDD of the MDI to about half, their use increased lung deposition by over two folds, the magnitude of which varied with the MDI and spacer type. Despite significant decrease in dose delivery, the total systemic bioavailability with the spacers was similar to that with the MDI alone. This systemic bioequivalence is more likely due to greater USAL0.5 with the spacers. The results of the charcoal block studies reinforced this outcome. The present study is unique as it used a clinically relevant salbutamol MDI dose (two puffs), assessed results for equivalence and analysed ACI deposition data further as stage groups. The deposition on adjacent ACI stages were grouped together as coarse, fine and extra-fine particle masses to identify their more likely deposition sites in the human respiratory tract. Moreover, this thesis describes highly sensitive and novel HPLC and SPE methods, developed and validated to quantify salbutamol in urinary and aqueous matrices. As the clinical effects of MDIs are related to their lung deposition, the current work emphasizes the importance of spacer use. Nevertheless, differences in dose delivery between spacers may have clinical consequences. Hence, only the specific spacer recommended for use with the MDI should be used. / World Federation, Stanmore, London and Sadaat Welfare Foundation, Bradford, West Yorkshire

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Thematik des hydraulischen Feststofftransports in Druckrohrleitungen zur Bestimmung der hydraulischen Energieverluste des Wasser-Feststoff-Gemisches und der wirtschaftlichen Gemischgeschwindigkeit (der s.g. kritischen Geschwindigkeit) vcrit. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der Transportvorgang in verschiedenen Rohrkonfigurationen (horizontal, schräg und z. T. vertikal) an einem physikalischen Modell im Hubert-Engels-Labor des Instituts für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik der Technischen Universität Dresden untersucht. Dabei kamen drei Sandfraktionen zum Einsatz (0,1 - 0,5 mm; 0,71 - 1,25 mm und 1,4 - 2,2 mm). Die Partikel weisen eine Dichte von ρF=2650 kg/m³ auf. Ziel der Untersuchungen war, mithilfe der Messdaten eine Formel zur Berechnung des Verlustanteils der dispersen Phase an dem gesamten Energieverlust besonders für das heterogene und das quasi-homogene Transportregime in Abhängigkeit von den Einflussgrößen (Dichte, Konzentration, Partikeldurchmesser etc.) abzuleiten. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit war, die kritische Gemischgeschwindigkeit genauer zu betrachten und einen entsprechenden Rechenansatz aufzustellen. Diese Geschwindigkeit stellt den Übergang von dem Transport mit beweglicher Sohle zum heterogenen Feststofftransport dar. Nach Abschluss der physikalischen Versuche wurde der Feststofftransport mit der Software ANSYS-Fluent numerisch untersucht. Im Fokus der Modellierung stand die Festsetzung der Wandrandbedingung für die disperse Phase, mit Hilfen derer die physikalisch gemessenen Energieverluste erreicht werden konnten. Die Simulationen wurden mit dem Euler-Granular-Modell durchgeführt. Hierbei wird der Feststoff als zweites Kontinuum betrachtet und seine rheologischen Eigenschaften wurden durch die Erweiterung der kinetischen Theorie der Gase auf die disperse Phase (eng. kinetic theory of granular flow KTGF) berechnet. Das angewendete zwei-Fluid-Modell (TFM) eignet sich sehr gut für alle möglichen vorkommenden Feststoffkonzentrationen und liefert gute Übereinstimmung mit den Messergebnissen im Gegensatz zu dem Euler-Lagrange-Modell (DPM), welches lediglich bei niedrigen Feststoffkonzentrationen Anwendung findet.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Symbolverzeichnis Indexverzeichnis 1 Einleitung und Zielsetzung 2 Grundlagen des hydraulischen Feststofftransports in Rohrleitungen 2.1 Das Energiegesetz 2.2 Feststofftransport in Rohrleitungen 2.3 Partikeleigenschaften 2.4 Typisierung der Partikelbewegung mit der Strömung 2.5 Einfluss der Turbulenz auf die Partikelbewegung in horizontaler Rohrleitung 2.6 Transportzustände in horizontaler Rohrleitung 2.7 Transportzustände in vertikaler Rohrleitung 2.8 Stopfgrenze 2.9 Kräftebilanz an einem Feststoffpartikel 2.10 Dimensionsanalyse 2.10.1 Auflistung der Einflussgrößen 2.10.2 Anzahl der dimensionslosen π-Parameter 2.10.3 Auswahl der Hauptvariablen 2.10.4 Ermittlung der π-Parameter 2.10.5 Form des funktionellen Zusammenhangs 3 Bemessungsansätze des hydraulischen Transports 3.1 Stand des Wissens 3.1.1 Feststofftransport in horizontaler Rohrleitung 3.1.2 Feststofftransport in geneigter Rohrleitung 3.1.3 Feststofftransport in vertikaler Rohrleitung 3.1.4 Die kritische Gemischgeschwindigkeit in horizontaler Rohrleitung 3.1.5 Die kritische Gemischgeschwindigkeit in geneigter Rohrleitung 3.1.6 Weitere Rechenmodelle 3.2 Erweiterung des Energiegesetzes auf Gemischströmung 3.2.1 In horizontaler Rohrleitung 3.2.2 In geneigter Rohrleitung 3.2.3 In vertikaler Rohrleitung 4 Experimentelle Untersuchungen 4.1 Aufbau der ersten Versuchsanlage 4.2 Messtechnik 4.3 Umbau der Versuchsanlage 4.4 Untersuchungsmaterial 4.5 Experimentelles Verfahren 5 Numerische Simulationen mit ANSYS-Fluent 5.1 Grundlagen der Mehrphasenströmungen 5.2 Auswahl des numerischen Modells 5.3 Das Granular-Euler-Modell 5.3.1 Die Erhaltungsgleichung 5.3.2 Die kinetische Theorie der dispersen Phase 5.4 Modellvalidierung 6 Vorstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse 6.1 Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen in horizontaler Leitung 6.1.1 Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Energieverlust 6.1.2 Experimentelle Untersuchung zu der kritischen Geschwindigkeit 6.2 Ergebnisse der hydronumerischen Untersuchungen in horizontaler Rohrleitung 6.2.1 Randbedingungen 6.2.2 Numerische Lösung und Konvergenz 6.2.3 Parameteranalyse anhand eigener Versuche 6.2.4 Numerische Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen den hydraulischen Kenngrößen 6.3 Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen in vertikaler Leitung 6.4 Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen in geneigter Rohrleitung 6.4.1 Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Energieverlust 6.4.2 Experimentelle Untersuchung zu der kritischen Gemischgeschwindigkeit 6.5 Ergebnisse der numerischen Untersuchungen in geneigter Rohrleitung 7 Fehleranalyse und weitere Betrachtungen 7.1 Degradierung des Feststoffes 7.2 Die Abnutzung der Pumpe 7.3 Abrieb und Durchbruch der Rohrleitungen 7.4 Die Instabilität des Systems bei geringen Geschwindigkeiten 7.5 Messabweichung des Durchflussmessers 7.6 Fehlerquelle bei der Untersuchung der kritischen Gemischgeschwindigkeit 7.7 Fortbewegung der Feststoffe bei Geschwindigkeiten unterhalb vcrit 7.8 Einfluss der Transportkonzentration auf den Arbeitspunkt der Pumpe 8 Zusammenfassung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang / The present work deals with the hydraulic transport characteristics of sand-water mixtures in pipelines to determine hydraulic gradients and the deposition-limit velocity (critical velocity). For this purpose, the transport process in various pipe configurations (horizontal, inclined and vertical) was investigated on a physical model at the Hubert Engels Laboratory of the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Technical Hydromechanics of the Technical University of Dresden. Three sand fractions were used (0.1 - 0.5 mm, 0.71 - 1.25 mm and 1.4 - 2.2 mm) with particles density of ρF = 2650 kg/m³. The aim of the investigations was to develop a model for calculating the head loss percent-age of the disperse phase in terms of total energy loss, especially for the heterogeneous and quasi-homogeneous transport regime correlating to the influence quantities (density, concentration, particle diameter, etc.). Another important aspect for this work was to consider the critical velocity and to set up a corresponding calculation approach for this parameter. The deposition-limit velocity represents the transition from sliding Bed transport to heterogeneous transport. In the next step, the solids transport process was investigated numerical with ANSYS-Fluent. The focus of the modeling was the determination of the wall boundary condition for the disperse phase, with help of which the physically measured energy losses could be re-stored. The simulations were performed with the Euler Granular model. Here, the solid is considered to be the second continuum, and its rheological properties were calculated by expanding the kinetic theory of gases to disperse phase (KTGF).:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Symbolverzeichnis Indexverzeichnis 1 Einleitung und Zielsetzung 2 Grundlagen des hydraulischen Feststofftransports in Rohrleitungen 2.1 Das Energiegesetz 2.2 Feststofftransport in Rohrleitungen 2.3 Partikeleigenschaften 2.4 Typisierung der Partikelbewegung mit der Strömung 2.5 Einfluss der Turbulenz auf die Partikelbewegung in horizontaler Rohrleitung 2.6 Transportzustände in horizontaler Rohrleitung 2.7 Transportzustände in vertikaler Rohrleitung 2.8 Stopfgrenze 2.9 Kräftebilanz an einem Feststoffpartikel 2.10 Dimensionsanalyse 2.10.1 Auflistung der Einflussgrößen 2.10.2 Anzahl der dimensionslosen π-Parameter 2.10.3 Auswahl der Hauptvariablen 2.10.4 Ermittlung der π-Parameter 2.10.5 Form des funktionellen Zusammenhangs 3 Bemessungsansätze des hydraulischen Transports 3.1 Stand des Wissens 3.1.1 Feststofftransport in horizontaler Rohrleitung 3.1.2 Feststofftransport in geneigter Rohrleitung 3.1.3 Feststofftransport in vertikaler Rohrleitung 3.1.4 Die kritische Gemischgeschwindigkeit in horizontaler Rohrleitung 3.1.5 Die kritische Gemischgeschwindigkeit in geneigter Rohrleitung 3.1.6 Weitere Rechenmodelle 3.2 Erweiterung des Energiegesetzes auf Gemischströmung 3.2.1 In horizontaler Rohrleitung 3.2.2 In geneigter Rohrleitung 3.2.3 In vertikaler Rohrleitung 4 Experimentelle Untersuchungen 4.1 Aufbau der ersten Versuchsanlage 4.2 Messtechnik 4.3 Umbau der Versuchsanlage 4.4 Untersuchungsmaterial 4.5 Experimentelles Verfahren 5 Numerische Simulationen mit ANSYS-Fluent 5.1 Grundlagen der Mehrphasenströmungen 5.2 Auswahl des numerischen Modells 5.3 Das Granular-Euler-Modell 5.3.1 Die Erhaltungsgleichung 5.3.2 Die kinetische Theorie der dispersen Phase 5.4 Modellvalidierung 6 Vorstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse 6.1 Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen in horizontaler Leitung 6.1.1 Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Energieverlust 6.1.2 Experimentelle Untersuchung zu der kritischen Geschwindigkeit 6.2 Ergebnisse der hydronumerischen Untersuchungen in horizontaler Rohrleitung 6.2.1 Randbedingungen 6.2.2 Numerische Lösung und Konvergenz 6.2.3 Parameteranalyse anhand eigener Versuche 6.2.4 Numerische Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen den hydraulischen Kenngrößen 6.3 Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen in vertikaler Leitung 6.4 Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen in geneigter Rohrleitung 6.4.1 Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Energieverlust 6.4.2 Experimentelle Untersuchung zu der kritischen Gemischgeschwindigkeit 6.5 Ergebnisse der numerischen Untersuchungen in geneigter Rohrleitung 7 Fehleranalyse und weitere Betrachtungen 7.1 Degradierung des Feststoffes 7.2 Die Abnutzung der Pumpe 7.3 Abrieb und Durchbruch der Rohrleitungen 7.4 Die Instabilität des Systems bei geringen Geschwindigkeiten 7.5 Messabweichung des Durchflussmessers 7.6 Fehlerquelle bei der Untersuchung der kritischen Gemischgeschwindigkeit 7.7 Fortbewegung der Feststoffe bei Geschwindigkeiten unterhalb vcrit 7.8 Einfluss der Transportkonzentration auf den Arbeitspunkt der Pumpe 8 Zusammenfassung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

This thesis addresses the pronunciation of proper names in simultaneous interpreting from French into Czech. It consists of 2 parts: the 1st, theoretical part discusses the definitions, categorization and functions of proper names as described in the relevant literature. The work then focuses on adoption of loanwords in Czech and on the specific situation of proper names in simultaneous interpreting. The empirical part analyses 600 personal names from speeches interpreted at plenary sessions of the European Parliament. The aim of the research is to describe the adaptation principles in pronunciation of proper names interpreted into Czech; the intelligibility of the used equivalents; and the frequency of use of female forms of surnames in the European Parliament. The results show that the prevailing adaptation principle is phonological approximation, which corresponds to the rules set by the codified pronunciation standard. Other common principles are retention of the original pronunciation and spelling pronunciation. Original pronunciation is more frequent in names of French origin, whereas spelling pronunciation is found mostly in English and German names. Most of the used translation equivalents are comprehensible: the number of incomprehensible equivalents amounts to 7-11%. Surprisingly, most of...

Introduction: More than half of all patients seeking care for chest pain do not have a cardiac cause for this pain. Despite recurrent episodes of chest pain, many patients are discharged without a clear explanation of the cause for their pain. A lack of explanation may result in a misinterpretation of the pain as being cardiac-related, causing worry and uncertainty, which in turn leads to substantial use of healthcare resources. Psychological distress has been associated with non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP), but there is limited research regarding the relationship between different psychological factors and their association with healthcare utilization. There is a need for interventions to support patients to manage their chest pain, decrease psychological distress, and reduce healthcare utilization and costs. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to improve care for patients with  non-cardiac chest pain by describing related psychological distress, healthcare utilization and societal costs, and by evaluating an Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural intervention. Designs and methods: This thesis presents results from four quantitative studies. Studies I and II had a longitudinal descriptive and comparative design. The studies used the same initial cohort. Patients were consecutively approached within 2 weeks from the day of discharge from a general hospital in southeast Sweden. In study I, 267 patients participated (131 with NCCP, 66 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 70 with angina pectoris (AP)). Out of these, 199 patients (99 with NCCP, 51 with AMI, 49 with AP) participated in study II. Participants were predominantly male (about 60 %) with a mean age of 67 years. Data was collected on depressive symptoms (Study I), healthcare utilization (Study I, II), and societal costs (Study II). Study III had a cross-sectional explorative and descriptive design. Data was collected consecutively on depressive symptoms, cardiac anxiety and fear of body sensations in 552 patients discharged with diagnoses of NCCP (51 % women, mean age 64 years) from four hospitals in southeast Sweden. Patients were approached within one month from the day of discharge. Study IV was a pilot randomized controlled study including nine men and six women with a median age of 66 years, who were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=7) or control group (n=8). The intervention consisted of a four-session guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) program containing psychoeducation, exposure to physical activity, and relaxation. The control group received usual care. Data was collected on chest pain frequency, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations, and depressive symptoms. Results: Depressive symptoms were prevalent in 20 % (Study IV) and 25 % (Study I, III) of the patients, and more than half of the patients still experienced depressive symptoms one year later (Study I). There were no significant differences in prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms between patients diagnosed with NCCP, AMI or AP. Living alone and younger age were independently related to more depressive symptoms (Study I). Cardiac anxiety was reported by 42 % of the patients in study III and 67 % of the patients in study IV. Fear of body sensations was reported by 62 % of the patients in study III and 93 % of the patients in study IV. On average, patients with NCCP had 54 contacts with primary care or the outpatient clinic per patient during the two-year study period. This was comparable to the number of contacts among patients with AMI (50 contacts) and AP (65). Patients with NCCP had on average 2.6 hospital admissions during the two years, compared to 3.6 for patients with AMI and 3.9 for patients with AP (Study II). Four out of ten patients reported seeking healthcare at least twice during the last year due to chest pain (Study III). On average, 14 % of patients with NCCP were on sick-leave annually, compared to 18 % for patient with AMI and 25 % for patient with AP. About 11-12 % in each group received a disability pension. The mean annual societal costs for patients with NCCP, AMI and AP were €10,068, €15,989 and €14,737 (Study II). Depressive symptoms (Study I, III), cardiac anxiety (Study III) and fear of body sensations (Study III) were related to healthcare utilization. Cardiac anxiety was the only variable independently associated with healthcare utilization (Study III). In the intervention study (Study IV), almost all patients in both the intervention and control groups improved with regard to chest pain  frequency, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations, and depressive symptoms. There was no significant difference between the groups. The intervention was perceived as feasible and easy to manage, with comprehensible language, adequate and varied content, and  manageable homework assignments. Conclusions: Patients with NCCP experienced recurrent and persistent chest pain and psychological distress in terms of depressive symptoms, cardiac anxiety and fear of body sensations. The prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in patients with NCCP did not differ from patients with AMI and patients with AP. NCCP was significantly associated with healthcare utilization and patients had similar amount of primary care and outpatient clinic contacts as patients with AMI. The estimated cumulative annual national societal cost for patients with NCCP was more than double that of patients with AMI and patients with AP, due to a larger number of patients with NCCP. Depressive symptoms, cardiac anxiety and fear of body sensations were related to increased healthcare utilization, but cardiac anxiety was the only variable independently associated with healthcare utilization. These findings imply that screening and treatment of psychological distress should be considered for implementation in the care of patients with NCCP. By reducing cardiac anxiety, patients may be better prepared to handle chest pain. A short guided Internet-delivered CBT program seems to be feasible. In the pilot study, patients improved with regard to chest pain frequency, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations, and depressive symptoms, but this did not differ from the patients in the control group who received usual care. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate both the short and long- term effects of this intervention.