The main subject of this thesis is examining the current state of marital behavior of young people in the Czech Republic and it's development after 1989, focusing on the growing number of single households and the related phenomenon singles. The work is based on the first part of the empirical data, particularly demographic data on family behavior. It highlights the impact of the second demographic transition on the current state of family life of young people and indicates a historical development of nuptality and fertility. In the practical part the focus is mainly on the analysis of the fundamental characteristics of family behavior after 1989. An integral part of my work is the research on the topic.

The diploma thesis deals with the pension system of the Czech Republic in the context of the pension reform. It responds to the issues of unfavorable demographic developments. The starting point of the thesis is theoretical description of the classification of the pension systems. The attention paids to the characteristics of the pension system in the Czech Republic. The main part of the thesis analyzes individual pillars and highlights the changes caused by the pension reform. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the evaluation of the profitability of the funds of the third pillar, the calculation of the pensions from the first pillar pensions arising from comparing each of the three pillars of the pension reforms and proposals of the pension reforms. The aim is to analyze certain issues and evaluate how the pension reform was successful.

The aim of thesis is to evaluate how elder people (seniors) perceive the product offer on the Czech market and the marketing activities of Czech companies. The thesis is focused on the seniors characteristics and specific features of their consumer behavior. The thesis is divided into two major parts: a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part is principally dedicated to reviewing basic marketing concepts and procedures for market segmentation and also to factors that affect it. There are mentioned few basic types of segmentation as well as the criteria commonly used for market segmentation. A separate chapter is devoted to a consumer and the factors that influence consumer's purchase decisions. The practical part is focused particularly on the specific features of the Czech consumer and the charakcteristics of the elder consumers. A chapter is devoted not only to statistical data of demographic and socio-economic nature, but also to characteristics of the elder people in terms of sociological perspective. The final part is devoted to the analysis of senior's purchase decision making, arising from the results of the interview survey, and to senior's opinions about marketing and a product offer on the Czech market.

Master thesis deals with dividing destricts of the Czech Republic in to clusters acording to demographic indicators during the year 2011. After the theoretical introduction with exploratory data analyiss, factor analysis and cluster analysis is described practical implementation of agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Within the frame cluster analysis we compare results calculated by four methods of clustering, which are the single linkage method, the complete linkage method, the average linkage method and Ward's method. At the conclusion we select the method which divides destricts of the Czech Republic in to the clusters the best. Master thesis includes a prezentations of discovere results with the help of dendrograms and cartograms. The analysis were carried out with the help of the statistical program STATISTICA.

This thesis analyzes the development and current form of family policy in the Czech Republic and Great Britain. With respect to the different attitude of the two policies, support for families is compared on several levels in order to determine which of these two countries provides families a better and more generous support. It was found out, that the ratio of spending relative to gross domestic product and total social spending in the UK is higher than in the Czech Republic, as well as some amount of support. On the other hand, Czech Republic, for example, provides much greater support in the period after childbirth, which may not be in all respects completely positive. This is one of the parts where possible improvements were suggested using the model of the support system in the UK.

This master thesis is focused on the analysis of the impact from trends of different demographic aspects on the current pension system in the Czech republic and Norway. The old age pension system including its reforms is described and compared within both countries. Furthermore it is investigated how the citizens perceive the development of particular demographic aspects, what they think about the status and reforms regarding the pension system, and how they provide themselves for retirement. In addition to the comparison between the Czech and Norwegian pension systems the thesis also provides suggestions for improvement within demographic aspects, the settings of the pension system, the government and the society itself.

The topic of this thesis is the issue of pension systems, which are an integral part of every advanced society. The aim of this thesis is to provide an insight into the basics of the issue, analyze selected pension systems and to assess the possibility of introduction similar pension systems in other countries. In the theoretical part of the thesis first presents basic aspects of the development of approach to finance consumption in old age, possible forms of pension systems, the risks that are associated with them, as well as several models of pension system that are currently enforced. In the analytical part pension systems of Australia, Denmark, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland are first specified separately and subsequently, on the basis of criteria coverage rate, financial sustainability and adequacy of pensions, subjected to comparative analysis. The result of the analysis is the determination of the Dutch pension system as a system that has, although not in all analyzed areas, the relatively best results of functioning. However, the widespread introduction of this system definitely not recommended, due to given economic differences in various countries, which are described in the conclusion of this thesis. Nevertheless of each pension system we can choose a positive approaches to solving problems on which we can build in the future.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The first objective of this study is to show if diffusion of contraception in areas of traditional high fertility has gone through profound changes. Indeed, we would like to know if contraceptive behaviours have evolved because of new fertility perceptions and also because partners now have greater freedom to make choices in a relationship. The second objective of this study is not only to highlight the levels and trends of contraception and the factors influencing their use (government policies, role of family planning, etc.) in developing countries, but also to consider the population of unmet-needs of contraception. Indeed, the level of contraceptive use depends obviously on users, but also on non-users with no needs and non-users with unsatisfied needs. The understanding of this last category of females is essential to a more accurate estimation of contraception levels, and, therefore for the estimation of fertility levels. This study analyses the contraceptive use in several developing countries in Africa and highlights the unsatisfied needs of contraception, to understand why such needs exist. To do so, we shall analyse available demographic data for thirty-five African countries by using the available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), from the 1980's to 2000's considering the DHS I, DHS II, DHS III and DHS IV. This great variety of surveys, seventy-nine in total, permits one to compare levels of contraception and 'unmet-needs' from country to country. The surveys also, make it possible to compare the evolution over time of specific countries or specific regions, and to subsequently comprehend the determining factors of contraceptive use or non-use. / South Africa

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Thesis (Ph. D. (Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The objectives of the study were to examine the demographic profile and causes of death of people dying in a hospital and community; and to determine mortality rates, specifically age- and gender-specific mortality rates in a community. The study also compared causes of death assigned to hospital records with causes of death obtained from verbal autopsy reports. Methodology The data used in this thesis were collected in two phases. The first phase involved a retrospective review of all deaths that occurred in the Pietersburg/Mankweng Hospital Complex from 1st January, 2011 to 31st December, 2012. The second phase involved a community-based study using a verbal autopsyto determine cause of death in Dikgale HDSS for the same period. Results A total of 5402 deaths were reported in the hospital and 625 in the community. The majority of deaths in the hospital involved adults in the 15 to 49 year old age group, while in the community more deaths were recorded amongst adults aged 15 to 49 years of age and those in the 65+ year old age group. There were more male deaths in the hospital, while in the community a higher proportion of deaths occurred amongst females. v In children less than1 year old, the cause of death in the hospital was predominantly due to perinatal conditions, particularly preterm birth, low birth weight and birth asphyxia; while in the community, of the 5 deaths in this age group, infectious diseases were recorded as the main cause of death. Amongst children in the 1 to 4 year old age groups causes of hospital deaths were dominated by infectious diseases, injuries and malnutrition; while in the community infectious diseases were the main cause of death. Stillbirths were noted in the hospital with a stillbirth rate of 29.1/1000 deliveries. In the community no stillbirths were reported. More than half of the stillbirths were caused by unexplained intrauterine foetal causes followed by maternal hypertension in pregnancy and placenta abruption. For adults in the 15 to 49 year old age groups infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, were the leading causes of death in both the hospital and in the community. The proportion of deaths due to HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis was significantly greater in the community than in the hospital. Amongst adults in the 50+year old age group non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers were the most common causes of death. In this age group, the hospital recorded more cancer deaths than did the community; while the community recorded more cardiovascular deaths than did the hospital. vi The overall mortality rate in the community was 8.4 deaths per 1000 person-year, with more deaths occurring amongst males (8.9 deaths per 1000 person-year). The mortality rate was high amongst adults in the 65+ year old age group (48.9 deaths per 1000 person-year). When comparing cause-specific mortality between hospital cause of death notification forms and cause of death determined by verbal autopsy reviews, the same top five underlying causes of death were observed, namely: cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus, malignant neoplasms and respiratory infections. The agreement between causes of death reported on cause of death notification forms and cause of death as a result of a verbal autopsywas 48%. For individual causes, agreement of more than 80% was achieved between cause of death recorded on cause of death notification forms and from verbal autopsy reviews for respiratory infections, diabetes, malignancies and injuries. Infectious diseases (68.5%) and cardiovascular diseases (74.1%) achieved the lowest agreement. In other words, in only 68.5% and 74.1% respectively was the cause of death as recorded on the “cause of death notification” forms the same as the cause of death when reviewed verbally. Furthermore, 13 deaths were recorded as being due to cardiovascular diseases on the “cause of death notification” forms, however, in only 5 of these cases was the cause of death recorded as the same in the verbal autopsy report. In 21 cases cause of death was attributed to infectious diseases on the cause of death notification form, vii while in only 13 of these cases was the cause of death similarly ascribed after verbal autopsy review. Conclusion This study showed that the verbal autopsy instrument has the potential to identify causes of death in a population where deaths occur outside of health facilities. Procedures for death certification and coding of underlying causes of death need to be streamlined in order to improve the reliability of registration data. This will be achieved if medical students and trainee specialists are trained in the completion of cause of death notification forms. Foetal autopsies should be introduced at tertiary hospitals to determine the causes of stillbirths.Antenatal care education for pregnant women should be encouraged because the level of antenatal care has an influence on the health of mothers and their newborns. The government should continue to focus on improving the socio-economic status of the population, while adequate foetal monitoring by health workers may reduce neonatal deaths resulting from preterm births, low birth weight and birth asphyxia. Innovative injury prevention strategies, interventions to control infectious diseases, cancer screening and lifestyle program may reduce adult mortality.