Introduction: The purpose of this study was to subclassify the types of facial asymmetries present in a pre-surgical dentofacial deformity patient population to determine the prevalence of each subcategory. Associations between the craniofacial characteristics of each asymmetry and pre-surgical Jaw Pain and Function Questionnaire (JPFQ) scores, diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and posterior facial asymmetry (PFA) as determined by nasal septum deviation were analyzed. In addition, the data will aid in the development of a phenomics database to allow for subsequent genotyping and gene expression evaluation from patient saliva and masseter muscle samples that were obtained at the time of corrective orthognathic surgery. Methods: Pre-surgical posterio-anterior (PA) cephalograms, submentovertex (SMV) and panoramic (PAN) radiographs from 92 pre-surgical dentofacial deformity patients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lille, France were collected to evaluate facial asymmetry. PAs were traced and analyzed according to the Grummons Simplified Frontal analysis and Ramal Height analysis (Dolphin Imaging). SMVs were analyzed by the refined clinical system of the Ritucci and Burstone analysis proposed by Arnold et al along with original angular measurements for maxillary, mandibular, and nasal septum deviations (ImageJ). PFA was determined by a nasal septum deviation greater than 15 degrees. Lastly, PANs were evaluated visually for condylar pathologies. A comprehensive diagnostic decision tree for facial asymmetry was formulated based upon the current literature for normal variation of landmarks and the study design. Patient diagnosis via the decision tree was compared to visual examination of the appropriate x-rays to verify accuracy. Using this decision tree, patients were classified into subtypes and prevalence of each was calculated to form a phenomics database for future research on genotyping and gene expression. Associations between the subclassifications, mean pre-surgical JPFQ scores, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clinical examination results (TMD+ or TMD-), and the diagnosis of posterior facial asymmetry (PFA+ or PFA-) were completed. Results: Sixty-two patients were able to fulfill all radiographic requirements to arrive at a diagnosis. Eighteen patients demonstrated facial asymmetry that fell within normal biological variation while the other 44 were diagnosed as having a form of facial asymmetry – Cranial Base Asymmetry: 11 female, 6 male; Non-Condylar Mandibular Asymmetry: 5 female, 3 male; Hemimandibular Elongation: 2 female, 3 male; Maxillary Asymmetry: 3 female, 1 male; Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: 3 female, 1 male; Atypical Asymmetry: 3 female, 1 male; Hemimandibular Hyperplasia: 1 female, 0 male; and Maxillary Base & Mandibular Body Asymmetry: 0 female, 1 male. JPFQ scores for symmetric patients ((x ) ̅= 5.33) and asymmetric patients (x ̅= 4.57) were non-significant overall, however, differences between gender were noted (female symmetric (x ) ̅= 6.13, male symmetric (x ) ̅= 1.33, female asymmetric (x ) ̅= 5.36, male asymmetric (x ) ̅= 3.19). TMD was diagnosed by pre-surgical TMJ examinations and MRIs. Four symmetric patients (3 female, 1 male) were positively diagnosed with TMD while 14 asymmetric patients (11 female, 1 male) also were diagnosed. PFA was diagnosed when nasal septum deviation was greater than 15 degrees – 25⁰ to ≤35⁰: 9 patients; >35⁰ to ≤45⁰: 3 patients; >45⁰: 1 patient. Twenty patients with a positive PFA were asymmetric while the other 8 symmetric. Twenty-one patients with PFA were female while the other 7 were male. Conclusion: A comprehensive diagnostic decision tree for facial asymmetry classification was formulated and validated. With it, it was found that: Females have increased JPFQ scores and clinical diagnosis of TMD versus males. Asymmetric females have decreased JPFQ scores, but increased prevalence of TMD. Presence of PFA does not appear to be a strong influence on development of facial asymmetry but is significantly linked to the presence of TMD. PFA is present in nearly half of all dentofacial deformity subjects. Mandibular asymmetry is most commonly associated with increased JPFQ scores and presence of TMD. However, Hemimandibular Hyperplasia, a particular and less common form of mandibular asymmetry, never associated with TMD. One form of mandibular and mid-facial asymmetry, Atypical Asymmetry, had a relatively high prevalence of TMD. Future directions for this research include continuation of genotypic description of IGF1 and Nodal biologic pathways to determine how gene expression levels in masseter muscle and patient genotypes differ in the eight subclassifications of craniofacial asymmetry compared to the symmetric population. / Oral Biology

A nasalidade da fala sofre influência de fatores como tamanho e formato da cavidade oral e da configuração da cavidade nasal. Nas deformidades dentofaciais são encontradas alterações no crescimento dos ossos da mandíbula e/ou maxila, estruturas diretamente relacionadas a estas cavidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da deformidade dentofacial e o efeito da cirurgia ortognática nos escores de nasalância, em um acompanhamento de 6 meses de pós-operatório. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram triados 146 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos, alfabetizados, sem distinção de raça e nível socioeconômico. Foram selecionados 91 indivíduos, sendo 53 com deformidades dentofaciais (23 classe II, idade média 27,4 anos; e 31 classe III, idade média 27,2 anos) e 37 sem deformidade dentofacial (grupo controle, idade média 25,3 anos). Os sujeitos foram submetidos inicialmente a uma entrevista e a uma avaliação miofuncional orofacial, em seguida, foi avaliado o fluxo aéreo nasal, por meio do espelho Milimetrado de Altmann®, e realizada a nasometria utilizando o Nasômetro II modelo 6400 (KayPENTAX, New Jersey - USA), durante a leitura de 10 frases padronizadas, do português brasileiro. Nos sujeitos com deformidades dentofaciais estes procedimentos foram repetidos em 3 períodos distintos do pós-operatório (P.O. I, II e III). Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes ANOVA two-way (p<0,05), para analisar o efeito da cirurgia nos escores de nasalância, e t de Student (p<0,05), para identificar em qual período ocorreu. No período pré-operatório os valores médios e os desvios-padrão dos escores de nasalância dos indivíduos controles e com deformidades dentofaciais classe II e III foram, respectivamente, 48.1% (5.9), 48.9% (6.7) e 45.4% (9.7) para o texto nasal e 12.0% (5.3), 14.9% (7.0) e 10.6% (5.4) para o texto oral, valores dentro dos padrões de normalidade para indivíduos brasileiros; a análise desses dados não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Quanto ao efeito da cirurgia ortognática nos escores de nasalância houve diferença estatisticamente significante para os fatores tempo-grupo no texto 6 oral, diferença evidenciada entre os períodos pré-operatório e P.O. III. Diante dos achados, pode-se concluir que o tipo de deformidade dentofacial pareceu não influenciar os escores de nasalância, já a cirurgia ortognática provocou efeito nesses escores, dentro de um período de 6 meses, porém sem alterar as características da nasalidade da fala, visto que os escores de nasalância se mantiveram dentro dos padrões de normalidade. / Factors such as size and shape of the oral cavity and the nasal cavity configuration may influence nasalance scores. In dentofacial deformities the abnormal growth of jaw and maxillary bones is directly related with changes in these cavities. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of dentofacial deformity and the effect of orthognathic surgery on nasalance scores, during a 6-month post-operative followup. In order to develop this study, 146 individuals of both sexes, over 18 years older, literate, without distinction of race and socioeconomic status, were screened. Ninetyone individuals were selected, which 53 had dentofacial deformities (23 class II, mean age 27.4 years, and 31 class III, mean age 27.2 years) and 37 without dentofacial deformity (control group, mean age 25.3 years). The subjects were submitted to an interview and an orofacial myofunctional evaluation, then the nasal airflow was evaluated through the Altmann® graded mirror, and the nasometry was acquired with Nasometer II model 6400 (KayPENTAX, New Jersey - USA ) device, based on reading of 10 sentences standardized, from Brazilian Portuguese. In subjects with dentofacial deformities these procedures were repeated in 3 different postoperative periods (P.O. I, II and III). To analyze the surgery effect on nasalance scores it was used ANOVA two-way test (p<0.05) and Student\'s t test (p<0.05) was used to identify which period it occurred. In the preoperative period, the mean values and the standard deviations of the nasalance scores of the control group and groups with class II and III dentofacial deformities were, respectively, 48.1% (5.9), 48.9% (6.7) and 45.4% (9.7) for the nasal text and 12.0% (5.3), 14.9% (7.0) and 10.6% (5.4) for the oral text, values within normality standards for Brazilian individuals; analyzing these data no significant difference between the groups were found. About effect of orthognathic surgery on nasalance scores it was found a significant difference in time-group factor for the oral text and comparing the mean nasalance scores in the different periods, the difference was evidenced between the preoperative and PO III periods. Considering the findings, it can be concluded that the type of dentofacial 8 deformity did not appear to influence the nasalance scores, whereas the orthognathic surgery had an effect on these scores within a period of 6 months, but did not changing the nasality characteristics of the speech, because groups had scores within the normal range.

In order to investigate growth modifications of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during dentofacial orthopaedic treatment, various functional appliances have been used to prompt the mandible into a protrusive position in various animal experimental models. The general purpose of this project was (i) to test the effectiveness of a functional appliance specially designed for sheep; (ii) to clarify whether or not forward mandibular displacement in sheep is associated with faster and/or redirected condylar growth; (iii) to evaluate the sheep as a model for dentofacial orthopaedic research by comparing the similarities of mandibular condylar growth in sheep and humans; (iv) to detail the position of the mandible during forward mandibular posturing and the effects of mandibular forward displacement on modelling and remodelling of the mandibular condyle. The specific purpose of this project was to reveal whether functional appliance treatment increases the quantity of bone formed during the treatment, or changes the distribution of the bone, or both. Eight, 4-month old, castrated male Merino sheep were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups with 4 in each group. Cast functional appliances were fabricated for the animals in the experimental group. The treatment period was 15 weeks. Calcein (day 1) tetracycline (13 weeks) and alizarin red S (3 days before sacrifice) fluorochromes were administered to all animals. Dental casts, endosseous implant markers and cephalograms were used to analyse the 3-D displacement of the mandible. Undecalcified mid-sagittal sections of TMJ were used to evaluate the tissue responses induced by the appliances. Dynamic parameters of bone formation, static indices of bone-forming and resorbing activity as well as structural indices of trabecular bone were estimated using histomorphometry. The trabecular bone was sampled from two regions: (i) a subchondral region; (determined by 2nd and 3rd labels), believed to comprise bone newly-formed during the experimental period; and (ii) a central region (labelled by all the three fluorochromes), believed to comprise bone which existed before the experiment. The cortical bone was divided into anterior and posterior regions for analysis. The weight of the animals was measured monthly to monitor their growth. Metacarpus growth was also evaluated. During the experimental period, the animals were found to maintain their weight within the normal range and grew normally. The appliance was found to displace the mandible to a downward and forward position with a net condylar displacement of 2.4 mm. The observed adaptive responses in the TMJ induced by the appliances included; the condylar process was less tapered and rounder in the experimental group than in the controls, and anteriorly thickened condylar cartilage and a thickened compact bone layer along the anterior surface of the posterior wall of the glenoid fossa. The mandibular condylar growth vector in sheep was found to be in a postero-superior direction. Condylar growth in the control sheep during the experimental period varied from 8.8 to 11.9 mm, with the mean being 10.6 mm, which is quantitatively similar to two years of condylar growth in human adolescents. In the experimental sheep, the condylar growth varied from 8.5 to 13.3 mm, with the mean being 11.4 mm. When metacarpal growth and weight gain were taken into consideration using multivariant analysis, the coefficients for growth in the postero-superior and posterior direction were found to be high, with adjusted r2 as 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. The induced condylar growth was estimated to be largest in the posterior direction (2.3 mm), which is also similar to previous reports in humans. Regional differences in adaptive response within the mandibular condyle were found in this study. In the experimental group, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of the subchondral regions decreased, although the specific bone surface and bone formation rates increased. This low BV/TV was associated with decreased trabecular thickness and increased trabecular separation. In the central region of the experimental group's condyle, BV/TV was unchanged. However, an increased osteoid surface (OS/BS) was defined when the eroded surface (ES/BS) was taken into consideration. The sheep were found to cope well with the experimental procedures and the appliance used in this study has been effective in inducing adaptive responses in the TMJ. Consequently, it is believed that the sheep is an appropriate animal model for quantitative histological analysis of the responses to functional appliance treatment. The first null hypothesis, that functional appliance treatment has no effect on bone matrix mineralisation was rejected. The second null hypothesis, functional appliance treatment has no effect on the mineralisation lag time, was rejected. The results indicated that the treatment effects of functional appliances involve reorganisation of the TMJ through bone modelling and remodelling. An important mechanism of functional appliance treatment is, therefore, suggested to be a change in the distribution of bone rather than an increase in the quantity of bone. Posterior rotation of the principle tensile strain angle (Et) suggested an posteriorly altered direction of the condylar growth. Increased new bone formation in the glenoid fossa suggested an anterior re-positioning of the temporomandibular joint. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dental School, 2002.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paulin_rf_me_arafo.pdf: 1118525 bytes, checksum: e7853b055155b52cc0f52048b8fca101 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo prospectivo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão rotacional das estruturas dentofaciais natural e induzido pelo tratamento com o extrabucal de Thurow modificado. Os pacientes tratados tinham entre 7 e 10 anos de idade, leucodermas, portadores de mordida aberta anterior, má oclusão de Classe II divisão 1 com tendência a crescimento vertical e apresentavam implantes metálicos na maxila e mandíbula, conforme proposto por Bjork15 (1955), sendo utilizado para comparação um grupo de pacientes com má oclusão Classe II divisão 1 de Angle, sem tratamento e em igual número, do Burlington Growth Center, Departamento de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Toronto, Canadá. Foram realizadas radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral iniciais e após 1 ano de tratamento no grupo experimental e no grupo controle as radiografias foram tomadas aos 6, 9 e 12 anos de idade. Os traçados foram escaneados e dezenove pontos cefalométricos marcados no programa Radiocef Studioâ, aonde foram traçadas linhas, planos e realizadas as medidas cefalométricas tradicionais e as utilizando os pontos fiduciais. A análise dos dados obtidos mostrou que o uso do aparelho extrabucal de Thurow modificado resultou em acentuada rotação horária do plano palatino e rotação anti-horária da linha de implante maxilar, enquanto que o efeito do crescimento natural havia sido de leve rotação horária da linha de implante e estabilidade do plano palatino; o padrão de rotação mandibular decorrente do crescimento natural mostrou tendência de rotação anti-horária e no grupo experimental houve aumento desse padrão; e em relação ao plano oclusal, houve aumento da inclinação do plano oclusal superior e diminuição na inclinação do plano oclusal inferior. Pode ser concluído que o uso do aparelho de Thurow modificado levou à correção... . / This prospective study aimed to evaluate the natural rotational pattern of the dentofacial structures and the one induced by the treatment with the modified Thurow appliance. The treated patients had from 7 to 10 years old, were leucoderm and presented an anterior openbite and a Class II division 1 malocclusion with a vertical growth pattern. In all of the patients there were metallic implants inserted in the maxilla and mandible, as proposed by Björk15 (1955). An equivalent control group of Class II division 1 patients with no treatment was used and collected at the Burlington Growth Center, Orthodontic Department of the Dental School, University of Toronto, Canada. Lateral cephalometric radiographs at the onset and after an one year treatment were taken for the experimental group, and at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 years for the control group. The tracings were scanned, 19 cephalometric points, being 6 fiducial ones, were identified by the use of Radiocef Studio ® software, lines and planes were traced, and cephalometric measurements were performed. The data obtained showed that the use of the modified Thurow appliance resulted into great clockwise rotation of the palatal plane and counterclockwise rotation of the maxillary implant line, while the natural growth effect was of slightly clockwise rotation of the implant line and stabilization of the palatal plane; the mandibular rotational pattern showed a tendency of counterclockwise rotation in the non treated patients and in the experimental group there was an increase in this pattern, and in relation to the oclusal plane, there was an increase in the tipping of the upper oclusal plane and decrease of the lower oclusal plane. It can be concluded that the use of the modified Thurow appliance resulted into correction of the Class II open bite malocclusion by a clockwise rotation of the palatal plane, counterclockwise... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

A nasalidade da fala sofre influência de fatores como tamanho e formato da cavidade oral e da configuração da cavidade nasal. Nas deformidades dentofaciais são encontradas alterações no crescimento dos ossos da mandíbula e/ou maxila, estruturas diretamente relacionadas a estas cavidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da deformidade dentofacial e o efeito da cirurgia ortognática nos escores de nasalância, em um acompanhamento de 6 meses de pós-operatório. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram triados 146 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos, alfabetizados, sem distinção de raça e nível socioeconômico. Foram selecionados 91 indivíduos, sendo 53 com deformidades dentofaciais (23 classe II, idade média 27,4 anos; e 31 classe III, idade média 27,2 anos) e 37 sem deformidade dentofacial (grupo controle, idade média 25,3 anos). Os sujeitos foram submetidos inicialmente a uma entrevista e a uma avaliação miofuncional orofacial, em seguida, foi avaliado o fluxo aéreo nasal, por meio do espelho Milimetrado de Altmann®, e realizada a nasometria utilizando o Nasômetro II modelo 6400 (KayPENTAX, New Jersey - USA), durante a leitura de 10 frases padronizadas, do português brasileiro. Nos sujeitos com deformidades dentofaciais estes procedimentos foram repetidos em 3 períodos distintos do pós-operatório (P.O. I, II e III). Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes ANOVA two-way (p<0,05), para analisar o efeito da cirurgia nos escores de nasalância, e t de Student (p<0,05), para identificar em qual período ocorreu. No período pré-operatório os valores médios e os desvios-padrão dos escores de nasalância dos indivíduos controles e com deformidades dentofaciais classe II e III foram, respectivamente, 48.1% (5.9), 48.9% (6.7) e 45.4% (9.7) para o texto nasal e 12.0% (5.3), 14.9% (7.0) e 10.6% (5.4) para o texto oral, valores dentro dos padrões de normalidade para indivíduos brasileiros; a análise desses dados não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Quanto ao efeito da cirurgia ortognática nos escores de nasalância houve diferença estatisticamente significante para os fatores tempo-grupo no texto 6 oral, diferença evidenciada entre os períodos pré-operatório e P.O. III. Diante dos achados, pode-se concluir que o tipo de deformidade dentofacial pareceu não influenciar os escores de nasalância, já a cirurgia ortognática provocou efeito nesses escores, dentro de um período de 6 meses, porém sem alterar as características da nasalidade da fala, visto que os escores de nasalância se mantiveram dentro dos padrões de normalidade. / Factors such as size and shape of the oral cavity and the nasal cavity configuration may influence nasalance scores. In dentofacial deformities the abnormal growth of jaw and maxillary bones is directly related with changes in these cavities. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of dentofacial deformity and the effect of orthognathic surgery on nasalance scores, during a 6-month post-operative followup. In order to develop this study, 146 individuals of both sexes, over 18 years older, literate, without distinction of race and socioeconomic status, were screened. Ninetyone individuals were selected, which 53 had dentofacial deformities (23 class II, mean age 27.4 years, and 31 class III, mean age 27.2 years) and 37 without dentofacial deformity (control group, mean age 25.3 years). The subjects were submitted to an interview and an orofacial myofunctional evaluation, then the nasal airflow was evaluated through the Altmann® graded mirror, and the nasometry was acquired with Nasometer II model 6400 (KayPENTAX, New Jersey - USA ) device, based on reading of 10 sentences standardized, from Brazilian Portuguese. In subjects with dentofacial deformities these procedures were repeated in 3 different postoperative periods (P.O. I, II and III). To analyze the surgery effect on nasalance scores it was used ANOVA two-way test (p<0.05) and Student\'s t test (p<0.05) was used to identify which period it occurred. In the preoperative period, the mean values and the standard deviations of the nasalance scores of the control group and groups with class II and III dentofacial deformities were, respectively, 48.1% (5.9), 48.9% (6.7) and 45.4% (9.7) for the nasal text and 12.0% (5.3), 14.9% (7.0) and 10.6% (5.4) for the oral text, values within normality standards for Brazilian individuals; analyzing these data no significant difference between the groups were found. About effect of orthognathic surgery on nasalance scores it was found a significant difference in time-group factor for the oral text and comparing the mean nasalance scores in the different periods, the difference was evidenced between the preoperative and PO III periods. Considering the findings, it can be concluded that the type of dentofacial 8 deformity did not appear to influence the nasalance scores, whereas the orthognathic surgery had an effect on these scores within a period of 6 months, but did not changing the nasality characteristics of the speech, because groups had scores within the normal range.

Orientador: Frab Norberto Boscolo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:02:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manzi_FlavioRicardo_D.pdf: 8326674 bytes, checksum: 99330b2ff05f7ff15fe1b4a09ce74602 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os efeitos da radiação ionizante no desenvolvimento dentário têm demonstrado grande interesse, e avalia-Ios foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 21 ratas, divididas em 7 grupos de forma aleatória. Por meio de esfregaço vaginal diário, foi determinado o ciclo estral das ratas para a avaliação do período fértil das mesmas e uma vez comprovado este período, as ratas foram isoladas em gaiolas individuais. Efeito da radiação ionizante no desenvolvimento dentário em ratos com um macho para o acasalamento, durante o período noturno. Ao amanhecer, foi determinado o 10 dia de gestação pela presença do plug vaginal e visualização de espermatozóides em outro esfregaço vaginal. A região abdominal das ratas dos grupos La1 e La4 foi irradiada aos 13 dias de gestação com dose de 1 Gy e 4Gy de raios X, respectivamente. Nesta fase, os 1°S molares dos embriões se encontravam no estágio de lâmina. Utilizando-se as mesmas doses, os grupos Br1 e Br4 foram irradiados aos 16 dias de gestação e os grupos Si1 e Si4 aos 19 dias, correspondendo assim, aos estágios de broto e sino. O grupo Co foi formado por animais não irradiados. Após 30 dias do nascimento, foram sacrificados 3 filhotes de cada ninhada para avaliação quantitativa e ualitativa dos molares por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram avaliados 36 1°S molares em cada grupo, sendo 18 superiores e 18 inferiores. Pela análise dos resultados dos a radiação X promove efeito deletério nas dimensões oclusais dos molares em desenvolvimento, em todos os estágios iniciais estudados (lâmina, broto e sino) na dose de 4 Gy, principalmente no estágio de sino, os quais apresentaram fusão de. cúspides, fraturas coronárias e canalículos dentinários levemente mais delgados e dispersos. Na dose de 1 Gy verificou-se alterações dimensionais apenas nos molares irradiados no estágio de sino (p<O,01) / Abstract: The effects of ionizing radiation on molar development in mice were examined in this study. Forty-two female rats were divided into 7 groups. Vaginal secretion was collected to determine the estrous cycle phases, to ascertain the reproductive status of the female period. When this period was confirmed, the female rats were isolated in individual cages with a male for coitus during the night. In the morning, the 1 st day of gestation was confirmed by presence of the vaginal plug and observation of sperms in another vaginal smear. The abdominal region of the rats of Groups La1 and La4 was irradiated on the 13th gestational day, with a 1 Gy and 4Gy dose of X-rays, respectively. In this phase, the 1 st molars of the embryos were in the dental lamina stage. Using the same doses, Groups Br1 and Br4 were irradiated on the 16th gestational day and Groups Si1 and Si4 on the 19th gestational day, corresponding to the dental bud and bell stage, respectively. The Group Co was formed by un-irradiated animais. Thirty (30) days after birth, 3 nestlings of each brood were sacrificed for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the molars, through the scanning electronic microscopy. Thirty-six 1st molars were evaluated in each group, 18 top and 18 botiom. In these results, X-ray radiation had a deleterious effect on the occlusal dimensions of the molars in development at ali initial dental stages studied (Iamina, bud and bell) exposed to 4 Gy, mainly in the bell stage, which presented fusions of cusps, coronal fractures and slightly thinned and dispersed dentinal tubules. In molars exposed to 1 Gy, only dimensional alterations were observed in the dental bell stage (p <0.01) / Doutorado / Radiologia Odontologica / Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica

Orientador: Ary dos Santos Pinto / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Banca: Adriano Gonçalves Barbosa de Castro / Resumo: Este estudo prospectivo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão rotacional das estruturas dentofaciais natural e induzido pelo tratamento com o extrabucal de Thurow modificado. Os pacientes tratados tinham entre 7 e 10 anos de idade, leucodermas, portadores de mordida aberta anterior, má oclusão de Classe II divisão 1 com tendência a crescimento vertical e apresentavam implantes metálicos na maxila e mandíbula, conforme proposto por Bjork15 (1955), sendo utilizado para comparação um grupo de pacientes com má oclusão Classe II divisão 1 de Angle, sem tratamento e em igual número, do Burlington Growth Center, Departamento de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Toronto, Canadá. Foram realizadas radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral iniciais e após 1 ano de tratamento no grupo experimental e no grupo controle as radiografias foram tomadas aos 6, 9 e 12 anos de idade. Os traçados foram escaneados e dezenove pontos cefalométricos marcados no programa Radiocef Studioâ, aonde foram traçadas linhas, planos e realizadas as medidas cefalométricas tradicionais e as utilizando os pontos fiduciais. A análise dos dados obtidos mostrou que o uso do aparelho extrabucal de Thurow modificado resultou em acentuada rotação horária do plano palatino e rotação anti-horária da linha de implante maxilar, enquanto que o efeito do crescimento natural havia sido de leve rotação horária da linha de implante e estabilidade do plano palatino; o padrão de rotação mandibular decorrente do crescimento natural mostrou tendência de rotação anti-horária e no grupo experimental houve aumento desse padrão; e em relação ao plano oclusal, houve aumento da inclinação do plano oclusal superior e diminuição na inclinação do plano oclusal inferior. Pode ser concluído que o uso do aparelho de Thurow modificado levou à correção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the natural rotational pattern of the dentofacial structures and the one induced by the treatment with the modified Thurow appliance. The treated patients had from 7 to 10 years old, were leucoderm and presented an anterior openbite and a Class II division 1 malocclusion with a vertical growth pattern. In all of the patients there were metallic implants inserted in the maxilla and mandible, as proposed by Björk15 (1955). An equivalent control group of Class II division 1 patients with no treatment was used and collected at the Burlington Growth Center, Orthodontic Department of the Dental School, University of Toronto, Canada. Lateral cephalometric radiographs at the onset and after an one year treatment were taken for the experimental group, and at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 years for the control group. The tracings were scanned, 19 cephalometric points, being 6 fiducial ones, were identified by the use of Radiocef Studio ® software, lines and planes were traced, and cephalometric measurements were performed. The data obtained showed that the use of the modified Thurow appliance resulted into great clockwise rotation of the palatal plane and counterclockwise rotation of the maxillary implant line, while the natural growth effect was of slightly clockwise rotation of the implant line and stabilization of the palatal plane; the mandibular rotational pattern showed a tendency of counterclockwise rotation in the non treated patients and in the experimental group there was an increase in this pattern, and in relation to the oclusal plane, there was an increase in the tipping of the upper oclusal plane and decrease of the lower oclusal plane. It can be concluded that the use of the modified Thurow appliance resulted into correction of the Class II open bite malocclusion by a clockwise rotation of the palatal plane, counterclockwise... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Mestre

Orientador: Fabio Ramoa Pires / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T19:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_RebecadeSouza_D.pdf: 3976330 bytes, checksum: c8e93167e95f91aad2f31f4a0a284024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a freqüência relativa e os aspectos demográficos, clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos de uma série de tumores odontogênicos (TO) oriundos dos arquivos de 3 serviços de histopatologia bucal e 1 de histopatologia geral da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período entre 1970 e 2008, após adequação de seu diagnóstico aos critérios da classificação elaborado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 2005. Foram revisados 568 TO, representando 3,8% do total das amostras de biópsia da região oral e maxilofacial. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 32,4 anos, com variação entre 3 e 83 anos e maior distribuição na 2ª e 3ª décadas de vida. A relação homen-mulher foi de 1:1.2 e a maioria dos pacientes tinha cor de pele branca (57,9%). Do total, 559 tumores localizavam-se no interior dos ossos gnáticos, 393 na mandíbula (70,3%) e 147 na maxila (26,3%), especialmente na região posterior e anterior, respectivamente. A distribuição dos 568 TO encontrados indicou 191 tumores odontogênicos queratocísticos, 174 ameloblastomas, 76 odontomas, 31 tumores odontogênicos císticos calcificantes, 26 mixomas/fibromixomas odontogênico, 13 cementoblastomas, 11 fibromas odontogênicos, 10 tumores odontogênicos adenomatóides, 7 fibro-odontomas ameloblásticos, 6 tumores odontogênicos epiteliais calcificantes, 4 fibromas ameloblásticos, 3 tumores odontogênicos escamosos, 3 tumores dentinogênicos de células fantasmas, e 6 carcinomas odontogênico, incluindo 3 carcinomas espinocelulares intraósseos primários, 2 carcinomas ameloblásticos e 1 carcinoma odontogênico de células claras. Foram ainda encontrados 7 tumores odontogênicos não-classificáveis. Os TO são lesões incomuns nesta população brasileira, em que as lesões malignas são extremamente raras. O paciente é mais freqüentemente do gênero feminino, de cor de pele branca entre 10 e 29 anos de idade, e as lesões envolvem principalmente a região posterior da mandíbula como uma imagem radiolúcida unilocular de limites precisos. A freqüência relativa e a distribuição das informações demográficas, clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas dos subtipos histológicos mostraram semelhanças com a encontrada na literatura revisada de diferentes países, excluindo-se o tumor odontogênico queratocístico. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency and demographical, clinical, radiological and pathological features of a series of odontogenic tumors (OT) from the files of 3 oral histopathology services and 1 general histopathology service from the city of Rio de Janeiro in the period from 1970 to 2008, after reviewing their final diagnosis according to the diagnostic criteria elaborated by the World Health Organization in 2005. A total of 568 OT was reviewed, representing 3,8% of all oral and maxillofacial biopsy samples. Mean age of the patients was 32.4 years-old, ranging from 3 to 83 years, with most cases in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. The male-female ratio was 1:1.2 and most patients were Caucasians (57.9%). From the total, 559 OT were centrally located on maxillary bones, being 393 in the mandible (70.3%) and 147 in the maxilla (26.3%), especially in the posterior and anterior regions, respectively. Distribution of the 568 OT revealed 191 keratocystic odontogenic tumors, 174 ameloblastomas, 76 odontomas, 31 calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors, 26 odontogenic myxomas/fibromyxomas, 13 cementoblastomas, 11 odontogenic fibromas, 10 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, 7 ameloblastic fibro-dontomas, 6 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, 4 ameloblastic fibromas, 3 squamous odontogenic tumors, 3 dentinogenic ghost cell tumors and 6 odontogenic carcinomas, including 3 cases of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinomas, 2 ameloblastic carcinomas and 1 clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. Also, 7 OT were considered non-classifiable. OT are uncommon lesions in this Brazilian population, and malignant lesions are extremely rare. The patient is more commonly female, Caucasian, between 10 and 29 years-old, and the lesions occur in the posterior mandible as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency. The relative frequency and distribution of the demographical, clinical, radiological and pathological information obtained from each histological subtype showed similarities to the revised literature from different countries, excluding the keratocystic odontogenic tumor. / Doutorado / Patologia / Doutor em Estomatopatologia

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / The psychological, social, and cultural aspects of facial and dental attractiveness is an integral part of health care. Lay persons perceptions of facial and dental attractiveness are influenced by many factors including age, gender, geographic location (nationally or international), ethnic status, employment status, cultural differences and social class will effect the social impact of the anomalies. In addition, the public response to dental anomalies will vary according to experience of good health or ill health of the individual, relatives and friends. The perception of malocclusion is often seen differently between orthodontists, patients and lay public. The differing perceptions of patients and dental practitioners may influence the delivery of orthodontic care. It has been reported that 70% of orthodontic treatment is dentist induced and that orthodontic treatment may be undertaken without the patient or parents perceiving a problem with the teeth. (DHSS, Schanscheiff Report, 1986). The thresholds of entry and exit for orthodontic care may be different as perceived by orthodontists and lay persons. Orthodontists may pursue full alignment and perfect occlusion whereas lay persons may accept varying degrees of deviation from normal. This current study has assessed and recorded the differences in opinions of professional orthodontists and lay persons on dento-facial aesthetics, orthodontic treatment need and orthodontic treatment outcome. The study was carried out at the Orthodontic Department, University of Wales, College of Medicine, School of Dentistry. The opinions of 56 lay persons (dental technicians, dental nurses and lay persons not involved in the clinical process) and 97 orthodontists was collected by recording judgements using various patient records as stimuli. For each set of records examined, each member of the panel indicated their opinion using Likert scales. Judgements were made by assessments of 68 study casts in respect of:- * the need for orthodontic treatment on dental health grounds. the need for orthodontic treatment on dental aesthetic grounds. deviation from normal occlusion. the decision whether to treat. ** * In addition, judgements were made on a sample of 50 pairs of outline facial profiles before and after treatment in respect of: * * deviation from normal facial aesthetics comparison of aesthetics pre-treatment and post-treatment. Furthermore, assessments on 50 pairs of pre-treatment and post-treatment study casts in respect of: * * degree of improvement as a result of treatment. acceptability of result. Orthodontists subjective judgements are more reliable than lay persons in their assessments of dental aesthetics, dental health and deviation from normal. The level of agreement for the decision to recommend treatment is similar between orthodontists and lay groups ie. lay persons are as reliable as orthodontists in the decision to recommend treatment. Orthodontists tend to recommend 10 - 12 % more treatment than lay persons. The orthodontist group were more reliable than the lay group in assessing degree of improvement and assessment of outcome. Orthodontists reject approximately 25% of cases deemed acceptable by the lay group. Dental aesthetics appeared to be the most important feature in the assessment of treatment outcome by both orthodontists and lay groups.