The goal of this research project is to tell the story of acquisition expertise development within the DOD using the evolution of the Defense Acquisition University as its backdrop. It is a story about the persistent frame that claims expertise leads to acquisition success. It is about 40 plus years of competing perspectives of how best to acquire that expertise and their shaping effects. It is about technology choices amidst cultural and political conflict. It is about how budget, users, infrastructure, existing and emerging technologies, identity and geography all interrelate as elements within the technology of expertise development. Finally, it is about how at various times in the evolution of the Defense Acquisition University the technologies of tacit knowledge transfer have been elevated or diminished. / Ph. D.

In 1996, the U.S. Congress initiated a change to the Department of Defense (DOD) military family housing program. Applying organizational learning and change theories, this study of the Department of the Air Force (AF) reveals how the AF used $617 million of federal funds and $8.3 billion of matching private investment to significantly upgrade or construct and manage 53,323 AF family housing units. Using an outcome-oriented process tracing methodology, I examine the process changes, organizational structure modifications, and strategy adjustments the AF instituted to implement this latest attempt at providing military family housing. To understand how those adjustments occurred, this research uses organizational routine theory to help explain how organizations generate change by performing their day-to-day activities. This single-case historical study of AF family housing privatization, used process tracing to identify five primary organizational routines that determine know when there is a minimally sufficient explanation of how the AF learned and changed while privatizing the existing military family housing stock. These organizational routines help to clarify the organizational strategy, implementation process, and structure changes that emerged during privatization to address the quality, quantity, affordability, and timeliness of AF military family housing. The AF approach to transforming military family housing might be applicable to other publicly funded housing programs. / Ph. D.

With an increase in performance, dependency and ubiquitousness, the necessity for secure mobile device functionality is rapidly increasing. Authentication of an individual's identity is the fundamental component of physical and logical access to secure facilities and information systems. Identity management within the Department of Defense relies on Public Key Infrastructure implemented through the use of X.509 certificates and private keys issued on smartcards called Common Access Cards (CAC). However, use of CAC credentials on smartphones is difficult due to the lack of effective smartcard reader integration with mobile devices. The creation of a mobile phone derived credential, a new X.509 certificate and key pair based off the credentials of the CAC certificates, would eliminate the need for CAC integration with mobile devices This thesis describes four architectures for securely and efficiently generating and delivering a derived credential to a mobile device for secure communications with mobile applications. Two architectures generate credentials through a software cryptographic module providing a LOA-3 credential. The other two architectures provide a LOA-4 credential by utilizing a hardware cryptographic module for the generation of the key pair. In two of the architectures, the Certificate Authority']s (CA) for the new derived credentials is the digital signature certificate from the CAC. The other two architectures utilize a newly created CA, which would reside on the DoD network and be used to approve and sign the derived credentials. Additionally, this thesis demonstrates the prototype implementations of the two software generated derived credential architectures using CAC authentication and outlines the implementation of the hardware cryptographic derived credential. / Master of Science

During the 2000 presidential race, then Texas Governor George W. Bush advocated transforming and reforming how the Department of Defense (DoD) acquires new weapon systems. He promised a "revolution" that would "skip a generation of technology," in order to "move on to futuristic weapons without necessarily buying all those in development." This thesis examines President Bush's proposal and analyzes the potential impact on DoD and the defense industry. Ultimately the research revealed that there are ways to improve the acquisition process and protect the defense industry. The primary conclusion of the research is that it is feasible to skip current weapon systems in development, in order to begin research and development of the next-generation weapon systems. However, DoD will be impacted through higher operations and sustainment (O & S) costs to sustain existing weapon systems if weapon systems currently in development are skipped. The acquisition professionals that participated in this study believe these O & S costs could increase up to 10% per year for anywhere from five to 20 years depending on the type of system. This thesis makes additional recommendations and areas of further research. / Captain, United States Marine Corps

The Military Police Corps' active shooter preparedness plan is inadequate because several updated tactics, techniques, and procedures that have been developed over the past 20 years and implemented by civilian law enforcement agencies have not been incorporated, leaving the Corps less prepared during active shooter events. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine how Military Police Corps leaders trained their law enforcement and support personnel to respond to an active shooter event. The institutional analysis and development framework was used to analyze the day-to-day operational decisions within the Military Police Corps. Data for the qualitative case study were collected through semi structured interviews with 15 Military Police Corps leaders and soldiers across 5 military police battalions in the United States and Europe and military police training records. These data were subjected to axial and open coding, followed by a thematic analysis procedure. Participants perceived that the Corps' active shooter preparedness training hours and methodology are insufficient to maintain proficiency in active shooter preparedness, that dispatchers are not properly trained on receiving active shooter calls, and that live exercise training for first responders is inadequate. Recommendations for Military Police Corps leadership include updating the training methodology for first responders and dispatchers, providing better tactical equipment for first responders, and revising policies in order to improve the Military Police Corps' active shooter preparedness program. Implementation of these recommendations may promote public safety.

The United States Department of Defense spends billions of dollars annually on outsourcing functions to private contracted companies without knowing if their actions are effective. Guided by Feigenbaum, Henig, and Hamnett's theory of privatization and President Eisenhower's warnings of the impending military-industrial complex, the intent of this grounded theory study was to develop relevant theory regarding how the Department of Defense might accomplish missions through outsourcing during current and future fiscal constraints. This study sought to understand the perceived effectiveness of outsourcing Department of Defense functions through the perspectives of 2 employment groups directly affected by such outsourcing: federal employees and privately contracted employees. In this study, 24 federal employees and 20 privately contracted employees completed qualitative surveys about their perceptions of effectiveness in regards to outsourcing Department of Defense functions. Data were inductively analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding via constant comparison. Findings from this study generated a grounded theory, one positing that 2 distinct elements are important in outsourcing during fiscal constraint: well defined legal requirements and private sector technical expertise. Evidence from this study suggests that when these elements are in place, outsourced Department of Defense functions can progress, regardless of fiscal restrictions. The implications for social change include assisting political leaders with better decision making in support of effective national security policies, while providing good stewardship of tax payer funds.

Submitted by Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo (priscillaguerreiro@gmail.com) on 2012-08-30T17:52:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para EntregaFINAL.docx: 1892449 bytes, checksum: 0ce592c925dc8cc83280eb7578a18c50 (MD5) / Rejected by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br), reason: Prezada aluna Priscilla, A submissão está sendo rejeitada porque o arquivo não está em PDF. Favor submeter novamente em PDF. Att. ÁUREA SRA on 2012-08-30T19:36:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo (priscillaguerreiro@gmail.com) on 2012-08-31T02:28:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para Entrega__.pdf: 1416307 bytes, checksum: b3148e5824cb44ea689aac8a867abe6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-08-31T16:16:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para Entrega__.pdf: 1416307 bytes, checksum: b3148e5824cb44ea689aac8a867abe6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-09-03T19:21:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para Entrega__.pdf: 1416307 bytes, checksum: b3148e5824cb44ea689aac8a867abe6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-03T19:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para Entrega__.pdf: 1416307 bytes, checksum: b3148e5824cb44ea689aac8a867abe6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / This study sought to identify advantages and disadvantages of holding structure in Public Administration from the Department of Defense. We conducted a case study and we use the theoretical frameworks that allow us to understand the structure of holding company and subsidiaries, private management, the public management and the difference between them. Twelve interviews were conducted in two stages. The first comprised those who acted and possessed considerable knowledge about holding, at the second, people who possess knowledge of the Department of Defense and Armed Forces. The responses from the interviews were analyzed drawing on what was presented in Theoretical Framework. Overall, respondents said the following advantages of the holding in the public administration: to facilitate greater integration and dialogue between the parties; to centralize power guiding the direction of the organization, to facilitate the performance and strategic vision, to foster governance, strengthen dialogue, thought together and systemic action, identifying greater bargaining power and political representation, generating greater efficiency because of the understanding between the parties and best use of resources, allow the translation of goals into policies, increasing the possibility of reducing inequalities when they think only in profit, and seek public benefit. Disadvantages cited were increasing problems in sharing between units, the increased possibility of clashes of different cultures, the possibility of each manager to come back to his unit when resources are limited, the largest evacuation in the discussion of important issues in subsidiary, opening for the occurrence of rework; possibility of delays in delivery of purchases, which are now centralized, greater exposure to politicization and political influence, inadequate mechanisms of control performance, limitations and management decisions for what is established by law ; existence of forces acting and negotiating policies, lack of civilian careers in certain areas by increasing their exposure, lack of policy and political interference shielding, training and structuring unsatisfactory. / Esse estudo buscou identificar vantagens e desvantagens da estrutura de holding na Administração Pública a partir da análise da constituição e organização do Ministério da Defesa. Realizamos um estudo de caso e, para a preparação do mesmo, partimos de referenciais teóricos que nos permitissem entender a estrutura de holding e controladas, a administração privada, a pública e a diferença entre elas. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas em duas etapas. A primeira abrangeu consultas a especialistas sobre holdings, e a segunda, pessoas com conhecimento sobre o Ministério da Defesa e Forças Armadas. As respostas das entrevistas foram analisadas tomando como base o que foi apresentado no Referencial Teórico. De forma geral, os entrevistados apresentaram como vantagens de uma holding na administração pública: facilitar maior integração e diálogo entre as partes; centralizar o poder norteando o rumo da organização; facilitar o desempenho estratégico e a visão; fomentar a governança; intensificar o diálogo, pensamento conjunto e atuação sistêmica; identificar maior poder de barganha e representatividade política; gerar maior eficácia por conta do entendimento entre as partes e melhor aproveitamento dos recursos; permitir a tradução de objetivos em diretrizes; aumentar a possibilidade de reduzir as desigualdades quando não pensa só no lucro; e buscar o benefício público. Como desvantagens foram citados o aumento de problemas no compartilhamento entre as controladas; a intensificação da possibilidade de choques de culturas diferentes; a possibilidade de cada gestor se voltar mais para sua organização quando os recursos são limitados; o maior esvaziamento da discussão de assuntos importantes na controlada; brecha para a ocorrência de retrabalho; possibilidade de atrasos na entrega das compras, que agora são centralizadas; maior exposição à politização e influência política; insuficiência de mecanismos de controle de desempenho; limitação das decisões e da gestão pelo que é estabelecido pela lei; existência de Forças políticas atuando e negociando; inexistência de carreiras civis em certas áreas aumentando essa exposição; falta de blindagem política e ingerência política; capacitação e estruturação não satisfatórios.

In this study factors which affect the degree of implementation of a curricular change were examined to determine how well a specific curricular change was implemented in relation to the original intent. The change, Developmentally Appropriate Practice, was implemented in Department of Defense Dependents Schools, Germany Region, beginning in school year 1991-1992 in grades kindergarten through two. During school year 1993-1994, grade three began the transition to Developmentally Appropriate Practice. Several factors which influence teacher behavior during the implementation process were investigated to determine if there is a correlation between those factors and degree of implementation, the dependent variable. The independent variables in this study were school culture; administrators' leadership effectiveness; teacher concerns about the implementation; and teacher characteristics including age, years teaching experience, years experience in Department of Defense Dependents' Schools, and training. The degree of implementation, the dependent variable, was defined in terms of the extent to which teachers had changed their behavior to become congruent with behavior required by the change. Teachers were identified as high, moderate, or low implementers, based on classroom observations. One purpose of the study was to increase understanding of implementation by analyzing the factors which affect the behavior of teachers in the change process. A second purpose of the study was to add to the body of research that explains why so many educational changes fail to become established practice. To establish interobserver reliability, two observers rated teachers using the same protocol. The interobserver reliability coefficient found was reported at .9820. The participants in the study completed the Stages of Concern Questionnaire, the Administrative Effectiveness Survey, the School Culture Survey, and a demographic survey. The results were correlated with the Early Childhood Classroom Observation form. Amount of training was found to have a statistically significant positive relationship with degree of implementation (p=.006). Statistically significant positive relationships were not found between the other independent variables and degree of implementation.

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