La tesi investiga i Departmental ditties' di Rudyard Kipling. Il capitolo uno delinea in particolare la permanenza dell'autore in India come sub-editor' della Civil and Military Gazette, che tra il febbraio e l'aprile del 1886 pubblica la serie dei Departmental Ditties'. Il capitolo due esamina i dieci microtesti originari. Il capitolo tre discute le maggiori alterazioni testimoniate dalla sequenza poetica nelle sue prime quattro edizioni in Departmental ditties and other verses (1886, 1888 E 1890). / The dissertation investigates Rudyard Kipling's 'Departmental Ditties'. Chapter One refers in particular to Kipling's sojourn in India as sub-editor of the Civil and Military Gazette, which between February and mid-April 1886 published the 'Departmental Ditties' series. Chapter Two investigates the ten original poems. Chapter Three discusses the main alterations of the sequence by comparing its first four editions in the poetic collection departmental ditties and other verses (1886, 1888 and 1890).

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Användandet av e-posthantering i arbetet har ökat kraftigt under de senaste årtiondena. Studier har visat att alltför hög grad av informationsflöde kan leda till minskad jobbtillfredsställelse och känslor av stress. Individer i chefsposition har rapporterats vara särskilt drabbade av detta informationsöverflöd och syftet med denna studie var att undersöka avdelningschefers upplevelser av e-posthanteringen i arbetet. En kvalitativ ansats har antagits i studien då verkligheten tolkas på olika sätt och en kvalitativ studies syfte är att förstå ämnet från intervjupersonernas subjektiva perspektiv. Urvalet till denna studie har gjorts strategiskt och valts till att bestå av fem personer; tre män och två kvinnor. Storleksmässigt var antalet intervjuade för få för att göra några könsjämförelser, vilket heller inte ingick i studiens syfte. Intervjupersonerna har valts ut i samspråk med en kontaktperson på den berörda arbetsplatsen. Som datainsamlingsmetod har intervjuer genomförts, med hjälp av en intervjuguide och röstinspelningsutrustning vid samtliga intervjutillfällen. Flera intervjupersoner uppgav att en viss stress gällande e-posten existerade men att de ansåg sig ha både stöd och kunskap att kunna hantera situationen. Som främsta orsak till stress angavs mängden oläst e-post i inkorgen tillsammans med mottagandet av epost innehållandes oväsentlig information för läsaren. Överlag ansåg intervjupersonerna att kunna logga in från andra ställen än arbetsplatsen innebar en möjlighet och att e-posten fyllde en viktig funktion i arbetet. / The usage of e-mail handling has increased during the last decades. Previous studies have shown that too much information may cause loss of job satisfaction and feelings of stress. Managers in particular have reported the most difficulties with this phenomenon called information overload. The aim of this study was to examine departmental managers’ experiences from e-mail handling in their work.  The study has had a qualitative approach due to the individual differences in perceiving. The interviewees were strategically selected in conversation with a contact person at the work place. The selection included three men and two women. No gender comparisons can be made out of such a small selection of interviewees. Data was collected by using interviews, an interview guide and a voice recorder. Several interviewees reported a certain sense of stress in their handling of e-mail but also having the skills and support to manage the situation. The amount of unread messages along with the reception of nonessential mail was reported as the primary causes of stress. The interviewees were mainly satisfied with the possibility of logging in from other places than the work place and believed that e-mail handling was an important function in their daily work.

This article focuses on party competition in Bolivia from a multilevel approach with department (intermediate level) as the territorial unit of analysis from 2005 to 2015. The objective is to demonstrate the (in)congruence of an institutional level overlooked by the literature on multilevel studies, for which two indices of measurement are used: Summary Measure of Congruence (Gibson and Suarez-Cao 2010) in a one version and Dissimilarity Index (Johnston 1980) in two versions, nationally aggregated and departmentally disaggregated, with voting data from all competing parties (DISa) and only from those with double competition (DISb). The argument handled is that if an institutional level is important enough to be introduced to the electoral framework of a country, it should also be important enough for academic interest, especially in their relation with the rest of the system. From this, the study concluded that the importance of this institutional level depends on the degree of autonomy it has and the interest of the partisan actors and regional elites. / El presente artículo aborda la competencia partidista en Bolivia desde un enfoque multinivel a partir del departamento (nivel intermedio) como unidad territorial de análisis de 2005 a 2015. El objetivo es dar cuenta de la (in)congruencia que presenta un nivel institucional soslayado por la literatura existente sobre los estudios multinivel. Con este propósito se utilizan dos herramientas de medición: la Medida de Congruencia (Gibson y Suárez-Cao 2010) en una sola versión y el Índice de Disimilitud (Johnston 1980) en dos versiones, agregada a nivel nacional y desagregada por departamentos, con la introducción de datos de todos los partidos (DISa) y de los partidos con doble competencia (DISb). El argumento que se maneja es que si un nivel institucional es lo suficientemente importante para ser introducido al ámbito electoral de un país, debería serlo también para el interés académico y más en su relación con el resto del sistema. A partir de esto, el estudio ha llegado a la conclusión de que la importancia de este nivel institucional depende del grado de autonomía que posea y del interés de los actores partidistas y las élites regionales.

The Thesis deals with a change of an approach of a nurse to nursing care provision after her promotion to a managerial position. A nurse appointed to the position of charge or head nurse has different responsibilities, she becomes a manager, her colleagues have suddenly become her subordinates, whose work she has to organize, lead and control. A wide range of new responsibilities might change her approach to provision of nursing care. The aim of the Thesis was to discover whether and how the approach of a nurse to nursing care changes when she is appointed to a managerial position and how a nurse promoted to a managerial position achieves authority among her subordinates. The following hypotheses were chosen in relation to the aims of the Thesis. Hypothesis 1: The approach of a nurse to nursing care changes after being promoted to a managerial position. Hypothesis 2: A nurse promoted to a managerial position requires provision of nursing care in line with nursing standards. Hypothesis 3: A nurse promoted to a managerial position is responsible for nursing care quality. Further research questions were put: 1. Is it difficult for a nurse promoted to a managerial position to achieve authority among senior nurses? 2. Is it difficult for a nurse promoted to a managerial position to control nursing care provided by shift nurses? 3. Is it easier for a nurse promoted to a managerial position to organize work for shift nurses she did not work with before? Quantitative research in the form of questionnaires was applied to confirmation or refutation of the hypotheses. The research sample consisted of head and charge nurses from South Bohemian hospitals and from hospitals in Příbram and Pelhřimov. Qualitative research was organized in the form of unstructured interviews with head nurses from Hospital České Budějovice. After evaluation of the results all the three hypotheses showed confirmed. The research results confirm that an approach of a nurse changes after their promotion to a managerial position. They are much more responsible for quality work among her subordinates. The results of the work will be presented at all-house seminars and conferences and published in a specialized journal. The results will also be provided to the hospital management {--} to the Nursing Care Manager {--} and finally to the respondents involved in the research.

M.Ed. (Media Science) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

In this dissertation, a high-level management strategy was developed for the museums and collections of the University of Pretoria. Specific areas where improvements to the current operations of the University museums can be made, were identified and solutions proposed. This analysis was based on a survey of the current operations of the University museums, as well as an analysis of the needs of all stakeholder groups. Proposals to improve the operation of the University museums include the following: - Rationalising collections to ensure that available technical and organisational resources are focused on the most valuable collections; - Improving the use and maintenance of collections to ensure that the needs of stakeholders are met; - Ensuring that sufficient financial and organisational resources are mobilised to support the operations of the museums. A brief overview of the steps needed to implement these proposals and to adjust the management strategy on an ongoing basis, is given. The author believes that the implementation of the proposals outlined in this report can contribute towards ensuring that the museums of the University of Pretoria help to fulfil the overall mission and vision of the University of Pretoria. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

This qualitative phenomenological dissertation explored The Departmental Work Lives of Full-Time Non-Tenure Track Faculty (FTNTT) at two public four-year universities located in the Southeastern region of the United States. This study is based on interviews with twelve (FTNTT) faculty members representing departments traditionally associated within the College of Arts and Sciences. This study found FTNTT faculty participants highly credentialed and reasonably satisfied in their positions. This study adds the descriptor heterogeneous to FTNTT faculty members’ job roles, work environments, daily engagements, and work experiences and contradicts existing literature that finds FTNTT faculty positions to be resource deficit and administratively non-supporting. Literature surrounding FTNTT faculty, Agency Theory, and the concepts of Agency of Perspective, Agency of Action, and Action of Avoidance informed this study. This study extended Agency of Action to include intentional, strategic behaviors of inaction (coined within this study as Action of Avoidance) toward the departmental contexts of policies and practices concerning discipline, employability, employment longevity, and personal FTNTT faculty career trajectories. Agency Theory, Agency of Perspective, Agency of Action, and Action of Avoidance, as identified by the researcher, emerged as strong frameworks used by FTNTT faculty to construct behaviors to successfully navigate long-term careers under short-term conditions. Based on FTNTT faculty responses, this study outlines policies and practices that are perceived as supportive or non-supportive. Policymakers may use this data to inform strategies for improving support among FTNTT faculty members.

Les systèmes juridiques d’aujourd’hui diffèrent passablement de ceux en vigueur il y a quarante ans. L’affirmation est applicable notamment aux domaines économiques qui se trouvent sous l’empire de ce qu’on connaît comme régulation. En effet, un simple regard sur le droit contemporain montre, d’une partie, un éclatement d’entités nouvelles qui ont pour mission la création, la surveillance, voire l’application du droit, et, d’une autre partie l’existence des aménagements dans la conception et l’application des normes qui régissent une certaine activité ; le développement de la soft law, de l’autorégulation, des normes internationales, parmi d’autres exemples, font partie desdits aménagements. Ce phénomène, nommé nouvelles formes de régulation, fortement plébiscité par une partie de la doctrine juridique il y a quelques années, est désormais remis en cause. Même si la régulation constitue un phénomène à vocation universelle, nous avons décidé de mettre les marchés financiers au centre de notre analyse. Cela parce que les secteurs régulés présentent une diversité de situations, de modalités d’action et de fondements qui empêchent une analyse d’ensemble. On a dit dans ce sens, que la légitimité de la régulation et des règles qu’elle pose ne peut pas être envisagée de manière abstraite ; elle doit être appréciée dans les rapports entre ses normes et l’objet régulé. Les marchés financiers sont, dans ce contexte, un laboratoire privilégié concernant l’expérimentation des nouvelles formes de régulation, ils se trouvent aux origines de leur usage et c’est précisément dans ces marchés que la remise en cause des nouvelles formes de régulation s’est posée. Notre étude concerne l’usage des nouvelles formes de régulation dans l’encadrement des marchés financiers dans six pays : la France, l’Angleterre, les États-Unis et trois pays latino-américains : le Mexique, la Colombie et le Chili. Les raisons de ce choix sont les suivantes. D’abord, il nous semble légitime d’aborder les législations qui se trouvent à l’origine des phénomènes ici analysés. Le modèle américain s’impose, mais aussi le modèle anglais, car il a été, pendant un moment, l’exemple le plus poussé du libéralisme économique, donc, des origines des nouvelles formes de régulation. La France était aussi une référence indispensable. En effet, comme nous voulons le montrer, la France est l’exemple le plus parfait de la quête d’un aboutissement de la logique de la régulation et de la systématisation, même si inachevée, du droit régulateur. Nous avons choisi le Mexique à cause de la taille de son marché financier, la Colombie, parce qu’elle a entrepris des réformes juridiques remarquables, et le Chili, car il est le pays le plus stable politiquement et économiquement dans le sud de l’Amérique latine. / The legal systems of today are different than those that came into force 40 years ago. The assertion is applicable particularly to the economic areas under that a kind of law, known as regulatory systems. Indeed, a simple look at the contemporary law shows first; a rise in new entities which have the power of creation, the monitoring and the application of law and second; the existence of adjustments in the design and implementation of the standards that govern an activity, the development of soft law, self-regulation and standards, among other examples. This phenomenon, named new forms of regulation, which a few years ago was strongly praised by a part of legal doctrine, is now being questioned. Even if the regulation constitutes a universal phenomenon, we decided to focus in the financial markets. This is because the economic sectors under the regulatory systems have a diverse situations in terms of action and their fundamentals that hinders a comprehensive analysis. In this sense, it has been said that the regulatory systems rules legitimacy cannot be considered abstractly. This must be assessed by the relations between its standards and regulated objects. Financial markets are, in this context, a privileged test case concerning the experimentation of new forms of regulation. In these markets we found the origins of the use of soft law, self-regulation and other new forms of regulation, and it is precisely in the financial markets where that the disputes about the efficacy and the legitimacy arise about new forms of regulation. Our study concerns the use of new forms of regulation within the framework of the financial markets in six countries: France, England, the United States and three Latin American countries: Mexico, Colombia and Chile. The reasons for this choice are as follows. Firstly, it seems valid to look at the legislation where the new forms of regulation came from. The American model is needed, but also the English model, because it was, for a while, the more thorough example of economic liberalism, therefore a source of new forms of regulation. France is also an indispensable reference. Indeed, as we want to show it, France is the most perfect example of the quest for a culmination of logical regulation and systematization of regulatory law. We have chosen Mexico because of the size of its financial market; Colombia because it has undertaken remarkable legal reforms linked with the new forms of regulation and Chile, because it is the most stable country both politically and economically in the South of Latin America.