This study examines the movement of creating the scientifically oriented architecture that influenced architectural scholarship especially in 1960s and 1970s and discusses various theoretical frameworks this movement rests on. Architectural studies of the said period display rationalistic approaches motivated towards the routinisation, institutionalization and socialization in architecture, and thus an attempt to shift the discipline to scientific grounds. These studies not only develop plurality in academic realm of architecture, but also pave the way for a spectrum of more autonomous and novel areas of research and knowledge. The movement in Turkey, however parallel to its international popularity, is coincidentally strong between the years 1956 and 1982 befitting the social agenda of the country. The thesis is limited in scope to the definitions and relationships between five dominant approaches in the movement. These approaches are identified as, Design Methods, Environmental Psychology, Building Technology, Social and Cultural Factors and Vernacular Architecture. General Systems Theory emerges as a key reference in this scope. The study initially emphasises the positions of approaches in Turkey with relation to the international context and thus defines a ground for the discussions in the dissertation. The main discussion of the thesis is with regards to the notions of space and environment within the movement. Architectural studies with these notions extend the focus of design and research in terms social and cultural perspectives. The notions, not only define the plurality in the architectural sciences due to the multiplicity of dimensions they entail, but also constitute a bridge between the architectural studies and the social sciences. Moreover, the conceptions and examination methods for the terms of space and environment changes the traditional role of the scholar as designer into facilitator and researcher. The thesis examines the attempts of teaching, forming and framing the scientific architecture in two different venues, namely inside the studio and outside the studio. Inside the studio, design activity introduces systematic approaches for understanding the design process. Outside the studio, architectural research introduces methodological approaches that extend the boundary of the studio.

This article discusses the understanding of the design process in research projects by taking specific tools from project management into account. Explorative and creative design projects often run the risk of loosing focus on project goals during the process. This article aims to provide a novel approach to the ongoing discussion of the clash between creativity and efficiency during the creation of artifacts. By discussing the self-conducted case study – project „Yu‟ – this article reflects on the design process as well as the relationship between the designer and the user. The model created and presented includes two techniques; the active user dialogue and the goal and user needs definition. Both are inspired by similar approaches in project management, which illustrate the importance of the designer's responsibility for the final design outcome. The article identifies and discusses similar approaches in design theory and is aiming to emphasize the positive possibilities for an elaborate design approach. / YU project at the Mobile Life Centre

This thesis presents results from a qualitative case study on environmentally minded technology designers, and provides an account of how these designers think, differ and behave. Through semi-structured interviews, we interview designers at a large mobile phone manufacturer. The responses of environmentally minded designers are contrasted with traditional designers. The findings lead to a discussion on the differing roles, tradeoffs and standards between these two groups of designers.

The project-based research questions how professionals working in the built environment can engage a broader range of 'others' (students, client, users) in ways of seeing and acting in a meaningful way. It challenges the role of the expert in architecture and urban design and in particular their use of the masterplan, which is often an oversimplified reductive response, laden with generalisations and the ill-considered overlay of inappropriate models. Design methods are designed to enable us to see afresh and respond accordingly. These are demonstrated in three suites of projects that include urban installations such as Five Walks for the Melbourne International Arts Festival, war memorials, lectures, photographs and teaching practice such as Taipei Operations, a student workshop, architectural exhibition, and book. The design research is situated within an expanded field of cross-disciplinary practice that includes art, landscape architecture, urban design, architecture and geography. Tools are developed to enable us to understand the city at many spatial and temporal scales; observations made at a micro scale reveal systems at a macro scale - a bottom-up approach. The application of the methods explored implies that

This research has explored potential ways for understanding the contribution communication design makes within the field of interaction design; specifically projects that have involved the design of web-based interactive systems. As a practice-based design investigation, this research has been conducted through a series of interaction design projects within the context of a Collaborative Research Centre, and have often included working with industry partners. I will refer to these as projects throughout this exegesis. In this exegesis, I will argue that communication design can make a valuable contribution to interaction design projects, and that this contribution can be facilitated by understanding interactive systems in terms of the role that they play in our everyday experience of the world. This exegesis presents the central argument of the research and how the research questions were investigated. It presents the projects through which the research has been conducted, and through discussion, presents the discoveries and knowledge gained through this research. The total submission for this research consists of the exegesis, exhibition, and oral presenation. Throughout each mode of delivery I will share how the research questions were investigated.

This thesis sets out to investigate and understand behaviours and interactions between individuals while using a large touch screen to plan a holiday trip. By using this approach, the tool digital visual planning by Yolean is indirectly examined. The tool is examined by looking at how it is used and the environment it is used in. The research question in this research paper is “How is interaction between individuals affected by using large touch screens with a digital visual planning tool in a meeting?”. Itis answered by using a mixed method approach containing grounded theory and design research methodology applied to an observation study. The results suggest that a group working for the same goal tend to get a leader without appointing them directly. This leader is also usually the person who stands in front of the rest and dictates what goes where. If problems arise, a shift in leadership occurs naturally and fluently. The digital visual planning tool helped the participants to easier express themselves and to motivate decisions. By using their whole body, they could more easily communicate. / Denna uppsats ämnar undersöka beteenden och interaktioner mellan individer i ett mötessammanhang användandes av ett digitalt visualiserings verktyg. Verktyget används på en stor pekskärm och är skapat av Yolean. Verktyget undersöks indirekt genom att utgå från hur verktyget används och miljön runt om verktyget. Forskningsfrågan som besvaras i uppsatsen lyder: ” Hur påverkas interaktion mellan individer genom att använda stora pekskärmar med ett digitalt visuellt planeringsverktyg i ett möte?”. Frågan besvaras genom en observationsstudie som utgår från blandade metodiker från både”grounded theory” (teoribildning genom empiri) samt designforskning. Resultatet tyder på att en grupp som arbetar tillsammans för att uppnå samma mål tenderar att få en ledare utan att specifikt tilldela denne rollen. Uppstår problem tenderar ett skifte av ledarskap ske. Skiftet sker naturligt och då utan verbala tilldelningar. Det visuella planeringsverktyget hjälpte deltagarna att uttrycka sina tankar och funderingar. Deltagarna kunde kommunicera med hela kroppen och att peka på specifika objekt som de ville diskutera. Genom denna frihet kunde de mer noggrant kommunicera sina förslag och tankar till resten av gruppen.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Technology: Design in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / The aim of the research is to explore design education and designing as social practice; working with and for others to inform a more sustainable and meaningful future. Ways in which the lived experience of participants in the discipline of design, in the culturally diverse university and community contexts can be harnessed for social benefit, are interrogated. Themes are explored around the value of different world views and forms of knowing in design education to inform design research, in order to extend the knowledge paradigm to include lived experience not only as site of knowledge formation, but also of wisdom acquisition. The thesis presents an amalgamation of professional practice, creative practice and narrative set in qualitative research methods appropriate to the designer and artist who desire to work with lived experience in the academic context. Lived experience informs all we do and each educational event and encounter ought to be appraised and responded to in a contextually sensitive way. An important aspect flowing from this amalgamation is the recognition and analysis of the coexisting relationships of the roles inhering in the educator and the student. In order to immerse oneself in research and teaching, all aspects of the process have to be lived and filtered through the senses. This implies resisting abstractions by grounding research, teaching, design and making in the experience of the moment. The original contribution of this research then, is the synthesis of design, art and narrative writing that accompanied in a parallel line, the academic writing process to culminate in this design folio — a testament to grounding the research project in practice. Pedagogical approaches and lived experience embodied as recontextualised expressions in design teaching, supervision and creative practice, are presented in the folio. The boundaries of qualitative methods were tested with narrative and life writing, autoethnography, poetry, studio observations, extensive journalling, drawing, photography and printmaking processes. The results showed that a phenomenology of the senses in creative work, and locating the designer in her or his biography, is where original and imaginative design resides. Social and cultural aspects are some of the foundation stones of design education and ought to be informants of the creative process until the finish. Furthermore, authentic openness is required in supervision and teaching to facilitate deep listening, interpretation, intuition and “in-seeing” in educational encounters. Finally, being an active creative practitioner in design teaching is as important if not more important than content knowledge in that discipline, since the active practitioner “becomes” the Other through the collective dimension of design work.

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In the form of teacher didactical design research, this work addresses a didactical issue encountered during physics teaching in a Swedish upper secondary school. A need for renewed practical laboratory work related to Newtonian mechanics is met by proposing and designing an activity based on high- speed photography using the nowadays omnipresent smartphone, thus bringing new technology into the classroom. The activity – video analysis of the collision physics of football kicks – is designed and evaluated by following a didactical design cycle. The work elaborates on how the proposed laboratory activity relates to the potential and complications of experimental activities in science education, as described in the vast literature on the topic. It is argued that the use of smartphones constitutes an interesting use of new technology for addressing known problems of practical work. Of particular interest is that smartphones offer a way to bridge the gap between the everyday life of students and the world of physics experiments (smartphones are powerful pocket laboratories). The use of smartphones also avoids using unfamiliar laboratory equipment that is known to hinder focus on intended content, while at the same time exploring a powerful tool for data acquisition and analysis. Overall, the use of smartphones (and computers) in this manner can be seen as the result of applying Occam’s razor to didactics: only familiar and readily available instrumentation is used, and skills learned (movie handling and image analysis) are all educationally worthwhile. Although the activity was judged successful, a systematic investigation of learning outcome was out of scope. This means that no strong conclusions can be drawn based on this limited work. Nonetheless, the smartphone activity was well received by the students and should constitute a useful addition to the set of instructional approaches, especially since variation is known to benefit learning. The main failure of the design was an overestimation of student prior knowledge on motion physics (and its application to image data). As a consequence, the activity took required more time and effort than originally anticipated. No severe pitfalls of smartphone usage were identified, but it should be noted that the proposed activity – with its lack of well-defined results due to variations in kick strength – requires that the teacher is capable of efficiently analysing multiple student films (avoiding the feedback process to become overwhelmingly time consuming). If not all student films are evaluated, the feedback to the students may become of low quality, and misconceptions may pass under the radar. On the other hand, given that programming from 2018 will become compulsory, an interesting development of the activity would be to include handling of images and videos using a high-level programming language like Python.

Understanding dynamic, unpredictable, multiple, pluralistic and entangled relations in technology and organization is an inherent endeavor of the Information System (IS) research. However, recent innovation and changes in technology and organizations have posed significant challenges to the existing theoretical and methodological lens to analyze mutually dependent, ensemble, inseparable, ceaselessly intra-actable and constitutively entangled relations in technology and organizations. In line, this study employed sociomateriality as a wider theoretical lens to analyze constitutive entanglements and disentanglements in technology and organization illustrated with a case of E-service of land record in Bangladesh. This study has applied sociomateriality along with intra-actions, diffraction, relational ontology and performativity lens to trace continuous constitutive entanglements and disentanglements in the E-service. Thus, this study identified significance of constitutive entanglement lens through tracing unprecedented changes, unintended consequences and unexpected outcomes from the intra-actions, diffractions, relationalities and performativity in the organizational context and technological process of the E-service. This study has developed ‗action design ethnographic research' (ADER) as an in-depth methodological framework through conducting 'action design research‘ (ADR) in the process of ethnographic research (ER). In line, this study has formulated problems in organizational contexts, designed and redesigned solutions through mutually reciprocal relations between the researcher and clients, conducted concurrent evaluation and identified learning. Consequently, this study has addressed the practitioners' problems through engaging and intervening in the organizational contexts and technological processes of the E-service of land record in Bangladesh. Thus, both the sociomaterial lens and ADER offered potentials to design and redesign the organizational contexts and the E-service processes. Along the line, the study has contributed to theory and practice of IS research through applying sociomateriality and addressing practitioners‘ problems. Therefore, this study has made significant contribution to knowledge and practice.