Background Globally, there is increasing emphasis on the importance of understanding the ways in which social inequality and injustice impact individual and community mental health. Set in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, India, this thesis examines the complex relationships between individuals, communities and the social environment in relation to mental health. North India is characterised by stark gender and socio-economic inequalities and social exclusion for people with psycho-social disability (PPSD) and mental health services in these study areas were essentially absent. Community mental health competency means people are collectively able to participate in efforts to promote, prevent, treat and advocate for mental health. This thesis reflexively examines the presence and absence of community mental health competence in the upper Ganges region. Methods A mixed methods approach allowed for a multi-level examination of community mental health competence, and generated four sub-studies. In-depth interviews with thirteen PPSD and eighteen caregivers in Bijnor and Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh state) were carried out in 2013 providing data for qualitative analysis. These data were analysed using qualitative content analysis to examine experiences of exclusion and inclusion of PPSD in sub-study I, and thematic analysis to examine the gendered experiences of caregivers in sub-study II. A community based sample of 960 people in Dehradun district (Uttarakhand) were surveyed in 2014 to examine the prevalence, treatment gap and social determinants of depression in substudy III, and the attitudes and preferred social distance from people with depression and psychosis were investigated in sub-study IV. Multi-variate regression analysis in both studies was conducted with Stata software Version 13.1. Results Within the domain of knowledge, relatively low community mental health literacy, a diverse range of explanatory models of mental health, and creative and persistent efforts in helpseeking were the themes identified. Within the domain of safe social spaces, social exclusion was harsh and prevalent for PPSD, with contrasting sub-domains of belonging, social support, social participation and ahimsa (non-violence). Women were disadvantaged more than men in most spheres of caregiving. Social determinants of depression with an adjusted odds ratio of more than 2.0 included being a member of the most oppressed caste or tribal group, having taken a recent loan, and not completing primary schooling. The prevalence of depression was 6.0% in the community sample, and there was a 100% treatment gap for counselling, and a 96% treatment gap for anti-depressant therapy, even though 79% of those with depression had visited a primary care provider in the previous three months. Social determinants of health and access to care are proposed as additional domains of community mental health competency. The prevailing gender regime that values males and disadvantages women influenced every domain of community mental health competency, particularly increasing caregiver burden, social exclusion and experiences of physical violence for women.  Conclusions In this thesis I have refined and strengthened a conceptual framework that portrays community mental health competence as a tree, where foundational roots of social determinants of mental health support four branches depicting access to care, knowledge, safe social spaces and partnerships for action. This tree model proposes that all five domains must operate in unison to support action for community mental health involving: development of community knowledge; promoting social inclusion, gender equality and participation; addressing upstream health determinants; and increasing access to mental health care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the social determinants of CHIP (Child Health Investment Partnership) of Roanoke Valley children who participated in the preventive oral health program compared to those who did not. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of children (n=2,425) enrolled in CHIP of Roanoke Valley from September 2008-September 2014. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare age, gender, race, locality, parents’ education level, age at enrollment, and length of enrollment for oral health program participants versus those who did not participate. Results: Children who were Hispanic as well as children who enrolled in CHIP at an earlier age were more likely to enroll in the oral health program. Conclusions: By focusing on enrolling children at earlier ages, there is the potential to increase the use of dental care to match the recommended periodicity of dental care for young children.

in English This thesis deals with the means that French and Czech use to express the text coherence and cohesion. It pays special attention to functional sentence perspective which is expressed in different ways in these two languages. It focuses on the category of French determinants and its important role in the expression of functional sentence perspective. The empirical part of the thesis explores the possibilities the translator has to express lexically the presence of various determinants that appear in original texts, and it tries to prove the theory that a higher occurrence of determinants in French affects Czech translations. This hypothesis will be proven by comparing the frequency of prounous that occur in Czech translations and Czech original texts.

One of the most visible signs of the globalization of the world economy is the increase of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows across countries. This past decade the trend of FDI has shifted from developed countries to emerging economies, which is most notably in the BRICS countries. However, as BRICS reputation has been damaged these past years due to its weak growth outlook in the early 2010s, investors are shifting to the new economic grouping acronym, the MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) countries for better future prospects of FDI destination. Since the MINT countries have emerged as a popular destination of FDI, it is necessary to investigate what are the key factors that make these four countries attractive as FDI destinations. Hence, this paper analyzes what are the determinants of inward FDI into the MINT countries during the time period from 1990 to 2014. To be able to answer the research question and demonstrate the effect of the seven independent variables (market size, economic instability, natural resources availability, infrastructure facilities, trade openness, institutional stability and political stability) on FDI as a dependent variable, the study uses a panel data analysis. The data is based on secondary data, which is collected from the World Bank dataset. The empirical finding from the study illustrates that market size, economic instability, infrastructure facilities, trade openness, institutional stability, and political stability are significant as determinants FDI inflows to the MINT countries, meanwhile, natural resources availability appears to be an insignificant determinant of FDI inflows to the MINT countries.

L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier la santé bucco-dentaire et une partie de ses déterminants et de comprendre les représentations socioculturelles en rapport avec l’odontologie chez les populations Peulhs du Ferlo. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une étude descriptive et transversale ayant un caractère mixte avec un volet quantitatif et qualitatif portant 300 personnes pour le volet quantitatif et 50 pour le qualitatif. Il ressortait de cette étude, que les hommes étaient plus nombreux que les femmes avec un sex ratio (homme/femme) de 1,2. La moyenne d’âge était de 36,13 ans ±14. Près de la moitié de l’échantillon était des éleveurs et la proportion de personnes scolarisées ou alphabétisées était relativement faible (22%). La consommation de lait sous forme liquide, de viande de mouton, de légumes ou de feuilles était très fréquente. Il en était de même pour le tabagisme actif avec La consommation de l’alcool communément appelé « boulfalé » (eau de Cologne entre 45 et 90°) concernait 11% de l’échantillon. Par rapport aux habitudes d’hygiène, 76,3% ne disposaient pas de brosse à dent alors que 88,6% utilisaient le cure-dent au moins une fois par jour. La prévalence de la carie dentaire était de plus de 90% et les besoins de traitements parodontaux étaient de près de 50%. Par rapport aux pathologies générales, 16% de l’échantillon étaient hypertendus ; près de 21% souffraient d’une pathologie digestive déclarée. Plus de 70% de l’échantillon (71,3%) faisaient recours aux thérapeutiques traditionnelles. Le CAO était associé à la pathologie digestive et aux types de soins utilisés après ajustement sur l’âge et le sexe. / The objective of this work was to study the oral health and its determinants part and to understand the socio-cultural representations related to dentistry in Fulani populations in the Ferlo. To do this, we conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study a mixed character with a quantitative and qualitative component 300 people for the quantitative component and 50 for the quality. It was apparent from this study that men were more likely than women with a sex ratio (male/female) 1.2. The average age was 36.13 ±14. Almost half of the sample was breeders and the proportion of persons educated or literate was relatively low (22%). The consumption of milk in liquid form of meat sheep, vegetables or leaves was very frequent. It was the active smoking with the consumption of alcohol commonly referred to as "boulfale" (eau de Cologne between 45 and 90 °) was 11% of the sample. Relation to hygiene practices, 76.3% had no toothbrush while 88.6% used the toothpick at least once per day. The prevalence of dental caries was over 90% and the needs of periodontal treatments were close to 50%. Compared to the General pathologies, 16% of the sample were hypertensive; almost 21 per cent had a declared digestive pathology. More than 70% of the sample (71.3%) were the traditional therapeutic use. The DMFT was associated with the digestive pathology and the types of care used on the age- and sex-adjusted. Periodontal indices were broadly higher in hypertensive patients. On the qualitative level, Ferlo Pulaar felt that dental disease could have a dual causality even if a vast majority originally was a natural.

The finding of optimal debt-to-equity structure, taking into account the determinants which influence Capital Structure, is an ongoing problem in Corporate Finance. It is confirmed in theory as well as in practice in the world of Corporate Finance. There are several theoretical approaches to optimal Capital Structure, nevertheless, in practice none of these theories can be fully confirmed. The aim of the dissertation is the analysis of determinants of Capital Structure and the assessment of the application of current optimal Capital Structure theories. The significance of the individual determinants of Capital Structure is evaluated and the relationship between Leverage and certain determinants is analyzed, based on regression and correlation analysis. These tasks are based on an international point of view followed by the empirical application to mining companies in the Czech Republic and Europe. The dissertation is divided into 3 main parts which include a theoretical part, an analysis of current findings and, finally, an empirical analysis. In the theoretical part, the basic terms used in the topic of Capital Structure are defined by their different meanings in theory. These are Capital, Capital Structure and Leverage. The determinants of Capital Structure were specified with respect to the optimal Capital Structure theories, and the determination of optimal debt ratio is discussed. The analysis of current findings is focused on the empirical verification of optimal Capital Structure theories, on international examples, and on the example of the Czech Republic. Attention is dedicated to understanding the significance of determinants of Capital Structure and the determination of the relationship between Leverage and determinants of Capital Structure. A comparison of the theoretical and empirical findings is made between a group of American and European companies, and between three groups of countries (developed countries, developing countries and transition countries, including the Czech Republic). The empirical part is dedicated to the analysis of determinants of Capital Structure of mining companies in the Czech Republic and Europe. The analyzed determinants are size, profitability, tangibility of assets, and a non-debt tax shield.

L'objectif général de ce travail était d'évaluer les stratégies des moyens de subsistance dans le lac Tonle Sap en rapport avec divers facteurs de changement. Plus précisément, l'étude visait à étudier les variations et les déterminants des moyens de subsistance (spatial et temporal), ainsi que les impacts des futurs changements et des communautés de pêcherie (CFis) dans les plaines inondables de Tonle Sap. En utilisant les approches multivariées, j'ai pu mettre en évidence les résultats suivants : Les différentes caractéristiques écologiques déterminent les différentes stratégies des moyens de subsistance et les ressources environnementales sont indispensables pour la période post-conflit des pays comme le Cambodge ; Les divers facteurs humains, naturels et économiques, sociaux et physiques ont influencé le choix et le revenu des ménages ; parmi lesquels, la possession de terrain était le plus important; La perte de net revenu est attendue dans tous les futurs scenarios de changement, particu- lièrement avec ceux qui dépendent uniquement un moyen de subsistance, subi une perte en moyenne de 18% dans tous les scénarios, comparativement à 9% pour le groupe des multi-moyens de subsistance ; La taille idéale de la zone communautaire est de 2 310 hectares et l'impact positif des CFis peut être réalisé en améliorant la planification, le processus opérationnel et le mécanisme de résolution des conflits, également qu'en développant et renforçant des réseaux et la conformité des règles. Les résultats suggèrent que les moyens de subsistance sont spécifiques au contexte et le choix des stratégies des ménages est associé à une gamme de facteurs socio-écologiques. Nous devons éviter une prescription unique pour aborder les problèmes des moyens de subsistance dans le Tonle Sap. Effectivement, les implications politiques pour améliorer la participation aux moyens de subsistance ainsi que pour maximiser les avantages économiques et sociaux à long terme pour les ménages devraient accorder une attention particulière aux ménages pauvres en ressources. Par conséquent, l'augmentation de la richesse et des biens du ménage, ainsi que l'établissement des programmes efficaces de conservation des ressources améliorent effective- ment la capacité d'adaptation des ménages en réponse aux changements inattendus et également contribuent à renforcer et soutenir les organisations des CFis. / The overall goal of this research was to assess the livelihood strategies in the Tonle Sap in the face of various drivers of change around the lake. Specifically, the study intended to investigate livelihood variations and determinants (both spatial and temporal), and the impact of future scenario changes and of the Community Fisheries (CFis) in the Tonle Sap's floodplain. By using multivariate approach, I am able to highlight the fol- lowing findings: - different ecological characteristics influencing livelihood strategies and the environmental resources are imperative in post-conflict Cambodia; - various human, natural and economic, social, and physical capitals have influenced household's choice and income. Land was the most significant; - net income loss is expected for under all future scenarios, with those engaged in single livelihoods experiencing an average loss of 18% across all scenarios compared to 9% for the multi-livelihood group; - an ideal size of community area is 2,310 hectares and the positive impact of CFis can be achieved by improving planning, operational process and conflict resolution mechanism, developing networks and reinforcing rule compliance. The findings suggest that livelihood is context specific and the choice of household's strategies is associated with a range of socio and ecological factors and we should avoid a one-size-fit prescription to tackle livelihood problems in the Tonle Sap. Policy impli- cations to improve livelihood participation and maximize the long-term economic and social benefits for household should consider special attention to resource poor house- holds, increase household's wealth and assets, design and implement effective resource conservation programs, improve households' adaptive capacity in response to unex- pected changes and continue strengthening and supporting the CFi organizations.

Introduction : Cette recherche a pour but d'évaluer les effets du programme de communication sur le changement comportemental de quels acteurs pour promouvoir l'allaitement dans la première heure qui suit l'accouchement chez les mères les plus vulnérables au Niger. Les objectifs consistent à identifier les déterminants de l'allaitement précoce et à élaborer une typologie de stratégies de communication intégrées. Les facteurs de résultat comportemental relatifs à la santé de l'enfant constituent un objet de recherche important en démographie. Toutefois, peu d'études ont abordé l'allaitement postpartum en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Les interventions de soins de santé néonatale n'ont pas suffisamment été explorées dans la région selon des perspectives démographiques tout en mettant en évidence l'inégalité socio-économique dans la région. Cette thèse est une étude démographique qui a quantifié les pratiques de l'allaitement, qui se caractérise par les information qualitatives et non scientifique dans la plupart des études comportementales, et ce parmi le groupe des mères les plus démunies. Méthodes : L'analyse secondaire des études quantitatives transversales au Niger a été réalisée sur la base de la revue de la littérature sur des études menées en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les enquêtes transversales dont fait l'objet cette recherche sont les suivantes: l'Enquête démographique et de santé (EDS) 2006 Niger, l'EDS 2012 Niger et l'enquête d'évaluation dans les 4 régions de Niger en 2011, le dernier a pour but d'examiner l'impact du programme de communication sur la promotion de soins de santé de l'enfant au niveau familial et communautaire. Pour constituer une population d'étude pour chaque base de donnée, le même critère d'exclusion a été appliqué afin d'inclure les femmes de 15-49 ans, ayant au moins un enfant de moins de 24 mois et qui ont accouché par voie basse. Un échantillon aléatoire stratifié a été tiré pour sélectionner 2091 femmes divisées en deux strates, le groupe d'intervention et le groupe de contrôle. Les outils d'analyse de données ont été le test du chi2 et la régression logistique multivariée. Les variables indépendantes incluent les actions de communication, les statuts démographiques et économiques des mères, les recours aux soins de santé de l'enfant ainsi que les pratiques et infrastructures d'hygiène. Résultats : Le retard de l'allaitement postpartum s'est caractérisé par le niveau de vie des plus démunis au Niger. Quelque soit la vulnérabilité socio-économique, des pratiques d'hygiène ont augmenté la chance de l'initiation de l'allaitement précoce. L'enquête d'évaluation dans les 4 régions de Niger a montré que le lavage des mains et l'utilisation des latrines traditionnelles étaient fortement corrélées avec l'allaitement précoce qui a augmenté respectivement de l'OR à 2.4 (IC 95%: [76; 220]) et à 2.3 (IC 95%: [51; 248]). Les agents de santé des établissements sanitaires, les sages-femmes, ont joué un rôle clef déterminant sur l'allaitement postpartum. Le statut valorisant de sages-femmes impliquées dans le programme de communication était à l'origine d'une hausse significative de l'allaitement précoce. Toutefois, les consultation prénatale (CPN) par les sages femmes a augmenté l'allaitement initial de 52% (IC 95%: [14; 103]) par rapport à celles qui n'ont jamais effectué de CPN. L'enquête d'évaluation ne procure aucune information à savoir si le programme de communication a intégré les accoucheuses traditionnelles afin d'appliquer une approche à base communautaire. Une approche inter-sectorielle qui s'adresse aux multiples dimensions de soins de santé maternelle et infantile a augmenté à 6.9 l'OR de l'allaitement initial (95%CI: [374; 900]). Les visites à domicile par les relais communautaires se sont avérées statistiquement non significatives (IC 95%: [-10; 54]). La promotion par les pairs a réduit le risque de retard de l'initiation de l'allaitement de 100% (IC 95%: [39; 189]). / Introduction. This research aims to evaluate the effects of a behavior change communication program promoting early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of birth among the most vulnerable mothers in rural Niger. The main objectives are to identify the social determinants of initial breastfeeding and to examine the typology of integrated communication strategies for the socio-economically vulnerable group of populations. Behavioral child health outcomes have become an important research subject in Demography. However, few studies have examined breastfeeding during the postpartum period in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Very few demographic approaches were applied to evaluate neonatal care by looking into socio-economic inequity in SSA. This thesis quantifies predominantly qualitative information characterizing behavioral studies in breastfeeding among the most deprived population. Methods. This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional quantitative studies conducted in Niger at different points of time based on a literature review of previous studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa. The cross-sectional surveys include: the 2006 Niger Demographic Health Survey (DHS), the 2012 Niger DHS and the post-intervention survey (PIS) conducted in 2011 to evaluate a communication program promoting family and community based child health care in 4 regions of Niger. To constitute a study population for each dataset, the same exclusion criteria were applied to include women aged 15-49 years, having at least one child less than 24 months born with vaginal delivery. The PIS study population, drawn from the original survey with stratified random sampling, was divided into two strata, the intervention and control groups according to exposure to the communication program. Statistical analysis tools were the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Independent variables include behavior change activities, socio-demographic and economic status of mothers, health seeking behavior and hygiene practices. Results. Postpartum breastfeeding is impaired by income poverty in Niger. Regardless of socio-economic vulnerability, hygiene practice increases the chance of early initiation of breastfeeding. Multivariate analysis with the 2011 PIS shows that hand washing and use of a traditional latrine increases by 2.4 (95%CI: 76; 220) and by 2.3 (95%CI: 51; 248) respectively the odds of early initiation of breastfeeding. Government health workers, midwives, play a key role determining mothers' postpartum breastfeeding. Antenatal care (ANC) provided by midwives increases the chance of early breastfeeding that increases by 52% (95%CI: 14, 103) compared to ANC provided by other health professionals among the most deprived group of populations. The PIS does not provide any information to evaluate the role of traditional birth attendants in neonatal care. An inter-sectorial approach addressing multiple dimensions of maternal and child health significantly increases by 6.9 odds (95%CI: 374, 900) early initiation of breastfeeding compared to those who are not reached by the whole integrated KFP promotion. Home visits by community volunteers are not significant (IC 95%: -10; 54). Involvement of mothers as a peer promoting exclusive breastfeeding significantly reduces the risk of delayed initiation of breastfeeding by 2.0 odds (IC 95%: 39; 189). However, the number of exposures to different types of communication strategies does not influence positively early breastfeeding. Conclusions. The impact of community volunteers and health workers is limited with regard to early breastfeeding among the most deprived group of mothers. The model of behavior change communication with participatory peer promotion and a multi-sectorial approach combining optimal hygiene promotion suggests a response to socio-economic disparity.

The emergence of digitalization and globalization has given birth to firms who cater to a global customer base and source resources from around the world at the click of a button. Nevertheless, as companies continue to innovate how they communicate, govern and internationalize, much of the research is built on a world before the emergence of the digitalized and globalized society we live in today. Finding a lucrative market is a crucial source of competitive advantage but if modern opportunities and challenges are disregarded, it could lead to grave economic downfalls. This paper investigates what factors modern technology firms take into account when evaluating potential location choice. This question further investigates how the nature of technology companies influence location choice. A qualitative study was conducted, five semi-structured interviews with five companies were conducted with each interview lasting on average 47 minutes.Three general findings were deducted from these interviews. Firstly, internal factors to the firm are still very much relevant to tech companies. Determinants such as top managements' experiential learning and networks, industry characteristics and the nature of the customer relationship. The second finding was that country-specific determinants were of less importance. There was no evidence showing that determinants such as natural resources were a factor. It was also shown that psychic and geographic distances were of less importance while human capital are of higher importance. Lastly factors which have lowered the barriers to enter a foreign location were found. These include the emergence of the gig economy and better communication technologies allowing for companies to govern distant offices from a centralized headquarter. These findings have been compiled by the authors into a new model of location choice factors for technology companies

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