A imobilização de membros e/ou articulações é prática utilizada na clínica no tratamento de diversas patologias, podendo variar em sua extensão e duração. Acometimentos ortopédicos comuns, como fraturas e lesões músculo-tendíneas, podem exigir como tratamento de dias a semanas de imobilização do segmento afetado. Além dos efeitos clínicos almejados, a imobilização desencadeia alterações negativas que afetam localmente o sistema musculoesquelético, mas que também trazem consequências para o sistema nervoso central (SNC) e sistema nervoso periférico. Tais consequências negativas implicam em perdas funcionais, que podem levar à dependência parcial ou completa para a realização de atividades da vida diária, como a higiene, a alimentação e a locomoção, com enormes custos individuais, familiares e sociais. É necessário, portanto, esclarecer a natureza de tais efeitos negativos e, em especial identificar o quão cedo se apresentam as alterações comportamentais e fisiológicas decorrentes do imobilismo, assim como quantificá-las e determinar a efetividade de estratégias de interferência neste processo. Neste trabalho, investigamos os efeitos de 24 horas de imobilização sobre diferentes tarefas motoras, como apertar botões, realizar a oposição do polegar em sequências variadas e fazer o alcance de alvos com o membro superior. Investigamos também, para a tarefa de oposição do polegar, o potencial terapêutico do treino motor imaginário durante o período de imobilização. Em nossos resultados, não encontramos efeitos estatísticamente significativos da imobilização sobre o comportamento motor nas tarefas pesquisadas. Adicionalmente, o treino motor imaginário na tarefa de oposição do polegar levou a uma piora no desempenho na tarefa de alcance. Esses resultados são relevantes no sentido de ressaltar que a imobilização, um recurso terapêutico importante, apresenta efeitos colaterais, mas esses não se instalam tão rapidamente quanto inicialmente hipotetizamos. É provável, ainda, que a imobilização atue de forma distinta sobre diferentes habilidades motoras, sendo umas prejudicadas com maior intensidade e precocidade do que outras. Entre as habilidades motoras afetadas pela imobilização, pode ser que encontremos, inclusive, a habilidade de imaginar cinestesicamente movimentos. O presente estudo investigou um tipo específico de treino motor imaginário, em voluntários saudáveis, submetidos a um período extremamente curto de imobilização. Possivelmente, os resultados de outros tipos de treino (variando, por exemplo, a intensidade do treino, a forma de admnistração e até mesmo a tarefa) podem ser diferentes. As sutilezas envolvidas na execução do treino motor imaginário provavelmente são a raiz da variabilidade nos resultados obtidos nos diversos experimentos da literatura. Os usos do treino motor imaginário devem, portanto, continuar a ser submetidos à experimentação, para que sua prescrição seja criteriosa e beneficie satisfatoriamente a função motora após a imobilização / The immobilization of body segments is frequently used for the treatment of orthopaedic injuries, such as fractures and soft tissue lesions. Immobilization may be as long as days or weeks, leading to several undesired side effects. The negative effects due to immobilization are felt not only in the immobilized limb, but also in the central nervous system. They lead to several functional impairments, compromising the independency of the patients in fulfilling their daily activities. Therefore, its necessary to determine the nature of such negative effects, and, specially, determine how early the functional and physiological impairments present themselves, as much as to quantify them and stabilish strategies for interference on them. In the present work, we investigated the effects of a 24-hour period of immobilization of the upper limb over several motor tasks, such as pressing buttons, oppose the thumb to the other fingers in several sequences and reaching targets. We also addressed the issue of the potential benefits of delivering a motor imagery training session, specific to the thumb opposition, during the immobilization period. Our results showed no significant effect of immobilization over the motor behavior in the evaluated tasks. Aditionally, the motor imagery training in opposing the thumb lead to an impairment on the reaching task. These results are relevant to reassure that immobilization is a safe therapeutic tool, for its side effects do not present themselves as early as hypothesized by us. Its possible, yet, that immobilization has distinct effects over different motor habilities and, in doing so, that some of the motor skills are more affected than others. It is possible that, between the motor skills affected by immobilization, we found the motor imagery hability. The present study investigated specific schedule of motor imagery training, in healthy volunteers, submited to a very short immobilization period. Its possible that other training schedules (varying the intensity, the way of administering it e even the task) might have other results then ours. The subtleties involved in motor imagery training may be the cause for the great amount of variance found in literature about it. The uses of motor imagery should be submitted to experimentation. In this way, it might be prescribed with criteria and benefit the restoration of motor function

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No. of bitstreams: 1 deniserocharaimundoleone.pdf: 3262987 bytes, checksum: 1d397a0c0064806a3c0e7268d284df0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objeto desta investigação foi o autocuidado terapêutico com o objetivo de compreender como as pessoas em tratamento pela diálise peritoneal domiciliar realizam as atividades de autocuidado terapêutico no domicílio, analisar as habilidades desenvolvidas por estas para a prática do procedimento, a fim de discutir as relações entre os usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com os serviços de enfermagem, existentes na Rede de Atenção à Saúde e propor um modelo teórico substantivo que articule os achados desta pesquisa com o cuidado de enfermagem à luz da Teoria Geral de Enfermagem de Dorothea Orem. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, em duas etapas, com o método da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A primeira, de março a junho de 2015, visou identificar os participantes. Foi realizada no Serviço de Nefrologia de um hospital público de ensino de Minas Gerais, no qual foram identificadas 34 pessoas e avaliadas quanto à operacionalização para o autocuidado, pela aplicação de questionário estruturado e da escala Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale Revised (ASA-R). A segunda etapa ocorreu de junho de 2015 a junho de 2016, incluindo 19 pessoas em diálise peritoneal, independentemente de terem ou não o autocuidado operacionalizado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta, observação sistemática com registros do diário de campo, tanto na residência dos participantes quanto no Serviço de Nefrologia. Os participantes foram distribuídos em três grupos amostrais. No primeiro, incluíram-se dez pessoas, e, pela necessidade de se lançar mão de novas perguntas de pesquisa, conformou-se um segundo grupo amostral, com quatro pessoas. O terceiro grupo amostral, que visou à validação do modelo teórico substantivo, constituiu-se de nove pessoas, destas, quatro também participaram do primeiro grupo. Seguiu-se o critério de amostragem e saturação teórica. Para organização, codificação e interpretação dos dados empíricos, utilizou-se o programa OpenLogos®. A análise dos dados ocorreu mediante três tipos de codificação: aberta, axial e seletiva. Emergiram dos dados as seguintes categorias Convivendo com a Diálise Peritoneal (DP); Realizando a DP no domicílio e estando inserido na Rede de Atenção à Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); Utilizando a ocupação como forma de atenuar o convívio com a DP; Adaptando-se às necessidades: a estratégia de ação e interação; Ritual terapêutico: realização das atividades de autocuidado e Habilidades para o ritual terapêutico: o aprimoramento das habilidades da vida e motoras para o conviver com a DP, sendo esta a última a categoria central ao estudo. Durante todo o processo vivenciado pelos indivíduos que realizam a DP no domicílio como tratamento, percebeu-se que as habilidades cognitivas, sobretudo as habilidades de tomada de decisão, pensamento crítico e comunicação efetiva, associada à habilidade motora tornam-se imperativas para aqueles que querem realizar essa terapêutica. Desta forma, tem-se que a atuação do enfermeiro é determinante no processo de desenvolvimento e/ou aprimoramento nas habilidades para as atividades requeridas de autocuidado terapêutico e esta é fundamental para a promoção do bem-estar e do enfrentamento da diálise. / The object of this investigation was the therapeutic self-care in order to understand how people in treatment for home peritoneal dialysis perform the activities of therapeutic self-care at home, analyze the skills developed by them for the practice of the procedure, in order to discuss the relationship between users of the Unified Health System, with nursing services, existing in Health Care Network and propose a substantive theoretical model that articulates the findings of this survey with the nursing care in the light of Dorothea Orem nursing General Theory. We conducted a qualitative study in two stages, with the method of Data Grounded Theory. The first, from March to June 2015, aimed to identify the participants. It was held at the Nephrology Department of a public education hospital in Minas Gerais, in which 34 people have been identified and evaluated for operation for self-care, by applying a structured questionnaire and Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale Revised (ASA-R). The second stage took place from June 2015 to June 2016 including 19 people on peritoneal dialysis, regardless of whether or not they operated self-care. Data were collected through open interviews, systematic observations with records of field diary, both in the residence of participants and in the Nephrology Service. The participants were divided into three sample groups. In the first there were included 10 people, and because of the need to explore new research questions, it was settled for a second sample group, with four people. The third sample group, which aimed at validating the substantive theoretical model, consisted of 09 people, from these four also participated in the first group. This was followed by sampling criterion and theoretical saturation. For the organization, coding and interpretation of empirical data it was used the OpenLogos® program. Data analysis was made through three types of coding: open, axial and selective. It emerged from the data the following categories: Living with Peritoneal Dialysis (PD); Performing PD at home and being inserted in the Network for Health Care of the Unified Health System (SUS); Using the occupation as a way to attenuate the association with PD; Adapting to the needs: a strategy of action and interaction; therapeutic ritual performing selfcare activities and skills for therapeutic ritual: the improvement of life and motor skills to live with the PD, being the last one the central category in the study. Throughout the process experienced by individuals performing PD at home as treatment, we realized that cognitive abilities, particularly the decision-making skills, critical thinking and effective communication, associated with motor skill becomes imperative for those who want perform this therapy. Thus, it is taken that the nurse's role is crucial in the process for the development and / or improvement of the skills for the required activities of therapeutic self-care and this is fundamental for the promotion of well-being and coping dialysis.

Transferring a unimanual motor skill to the untrained hand, a phenomenon known as cross-limb transfer, was shown to deteriorate as a function of age. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) ipsilateral to the trained hand facilitated cross-limb transfer in older adults, little is known about the contribution of the contralateral hemisphere to cross-limb transfer. In the present study, we investigated whether tDCS facilitates cross-limb transfer in older adults when applied over the motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the trained hand. Furthermore, the study aimed at investigating short-term recovery of tDCS-associated cross-limb transfer. In a randomized, doubleblinded, sham-controlled setting, 30 older adults (67.0 4.6 years, 15 female) performed a short grooved-pegboard training using their left hand, while anodal (a-tDCS) or sham-tDCS (s-tDCS) was applied over right M1 for 20 min. Left (LHtrained) - and right-hand (RHuntrained) performance was tested before and after training and in three recovery measures 15, 30 and 45 min after training. LHtrained performance improved during both a-tDCS and s-tDCS and improvements persisted during recovery measures for at least 45 min. RHuntrained performance improved only following a-tDCS but not after s-tDCS and outlasted the stimulation period for at least 45 min. Together, these data indicate that tDCS over the M1 contralateral to the trained limb is capable of enhancing cross-limb transfer in older adults, thus showing that cross-limb transfer is mediated not only by increased bi-hemispheric activation.

Introduction: Dexterity impairments are common and disabling. Measuring the extent of these impairments is important for care and service provision. Despite this, dexterity is poorly operationalized in the management of persons with hand and wrist conditions (HWC). Thesis purpose: To understand: 1) how dexterity is defined in the management of persons with HWC and 2) how therapists working with persons with HWC perceive/understand the concept and measurement of dexterity and use of performance-based outcome measures of dexterity (PBOMD). Methods: In study one, Interpretive Description was used to understand the perceptions and measurement practices of occupational therapists working with persons with HWC in Singapore. Study two involved a content analysis of the literature outlining the constructs measured by PBOMD that were validated for use in persons with HWC. Results: Both studies highlighted the lack of conceptual clarity around ‘dexterity’ that is reflected in therapists’ and tool developers’ discourse. Many of the therapists we interviewed, perceive PBOMD to lack clinical value. Studies from this thesis suggest that identified PBOMD do not adequately cover dexterity. Conclusion: Findings highlight the challenges surrounding the construct of dexterity and provide clinical practice recommendations. / Thesis / Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc) / Dexterity is the ability to do tasks, successfully, quickly and accurately. Loss of dexterity is common and affects our ability to do our tasks of daily life and work. Unfortunately, there is a lack of agreement on the best way to measure dexterity. Our study aims to explore what dexterity means to health professionals. We focused on occupational therapists seeing persons with hand and arm injuries. In the first study, we interviewed therapists to understand how they measured dexterity. In the second study, we searched for dexterity tests used with persons with hand injuries. Then, we compared the tests we found to dexterity theories. We found that dexterity is measured in different ways. Therapists faced many barriers to using dexterity tests. Current dexterity tests are an incomplete reflection of a person’s dexterity. The information gained from these studies could be used to inform future research on the measurement of dexterity.

La dextérité manuelle est au centre de notre interaction physique avec le monde. La sophistication des mouvements des doigts chez l’homme nécessite le contrôle de plusieurs composants clés comme la force, l’indépendance, le timing et le séquençage des mouvements des doigts. La dextérité est souvent affectée dans de nombreuses pathologies impactant l’indépendance et la vie quotidienne des patients. Le but global de cette thèse est d’améliorer la rééducation de la dextérité chez ces patients par une meilleure mesure et compréhension de la dextérité et de ses composants. Nous avons développé le Finger Force Manipulandum (FFM), un outil permettant de quantifier les principaux composants de la dextérité chez des sujets sains et des patients. Afin de valider cet appareil, nous avons testé la faisabilité de son utilisation chez des patients souffrant d’un important déficit de dextérité après un accident vasculaire cérébral. Le FFM permet, chez ces patients (N= 10 vs N= 10 sujets sains), de quantifier les différents composants de la dextérité et d’identifier des déficits dans chacun d’entre eux (exemple : les patients font trois fois plus d’erreur que les témoins pour le contrôle de force ; P=0,0002). Les mesures sont plus sensibles que certains tests cliniques comme l’ARAT : elles permettent de détecter des déficits de la dextérité même chez des patients atteignant le score maximum de l’ARAT. Le FFM permet également de créer un profil de dextérité affectée chez chaque patient permettant ainsi de détecter quel composant est significativement affecté et permet aussi de suivre la récupération. Dans une maladie affectant légèrement la dextérité, comme la schizophrénie, lorsque l’on compare les scores FFM des patients stabilisés (N= 35) avec ceux des témoins (N= 20) on constate que les patients ont une performance diminuée de façon significative dans chacun des quatre composants de la dextérité. Certaines des mesures du FFM corrèlent avec des échelles cliniques comme la PANSS (R=0,53, P=0,0019) mais aussi avec des échelles neuropsychologiques. Ces mesures FFM sont également assez sensibles pour détecter une évolution au cours du temps : certains composants restent stables après une remédiation cognitive alors que d’autres s’améliorent. En conclusion, le FFM est un nouvel outil qui permet de quantifier les différents composants de la dextérité. Il est utilisable même chez des patients avec un important déficit manuel et permet d’identifier des profils individuels de dextérité affectée. Il est également assez sensible pour détecter de faibles diminutions de performances motrices comme celles retrouvées chez des patients schizophrènes et pourrait permettre d’identifier certains marqueurs moteurs ayant trait au background neuro-développemental des patients schizophrènes (détection précoce) et à l’évolution de la maladie. / Manual dexterity is essential for our physical interaction with the world. The high degree of dexterity in humans requires sophisticated control of several key components such as the control of force, of independence, timing and sequencing of finger movements. Manual dexterity is affected in various pathologies, impacting activities of daily living and leading to loss of independence. The main purpose of this thesis is to improve rehabilitation of dexterity in these patients by a better behavioral quantification and a clearer understanding of manual dexterity and its components of control. We developed the Finger Force Manipulandum (FFM), a new tool allowing for the quantification of the main components of the dexterity in healthy subjects and in patients. To validate this device, we tested the feasibility of its use with stroke patients suffering from moderate-to-severe deficits of dexterity. In these patients, the FFM allowed for quantification of four components of dexterity and for identification of deficits in each of them (example: patients (N=10) made three times more error than controls (N=10) in force control; P=0.0002). These measures (components) are more sensitive than clinical tests, such as the ARAT: patients reaching the maximum ARAT score still showed deficits of dexterity with the FFM. Based on the four FFM scores, individual profiles of affected dexterity were calculated, highlighting the individual deficit of each patient. This allowed for quantitative longitudinal follow up during recovery. In a disease affecting dexterity mildly, such as schizophrenia, the FFM scores of stabilized patients (N = 35) indicated a significantly lower performance compared to control subjects (N = 20) in each of the four dexterity components. Some of the FFM measures correlated with clinical scales, such as the PANSS (R=0.53, P=0.0019), and also with some neuropsychological scales. These FFM measures also provide indicators for the evolution of dexterity over time: certain components remained stable after cognitive remediation, while others improved. In conclusion, the FFM is a new tool, which allows for quantification of manual dexterity (by measuring various underlying components). It is suitable for patients with moderate-to-sever manual deficits and allows for identification of individual profiles of affected dexterity. It also detects minor manual deficits in schizophrenic patients, and may allow for identification of potential behavioral markers related to the neurodevelopmental background of schizophrenic patients (early detection) and to the evolution of the disease.

O transtorno de déficit de atenção/ hiperatividade (TDAH) é o distúrbio neurocomportamental mais comum na população pediátrica e, a habilidade psicomotora dessas crianças pode ser significativamente mais baixa do que se espera em cerca de 30% a 50% dos casos. O objetivo desse estudo foi traçar o perfil psicomotor de crianças com TDAH do tipo combinado. O grupo caso foi formado por 34 pacientes acompanhados nos ambulatórios de Neurologia Infantil do Instituto Central e de Distúrbios do Aprendizado do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, que apresentavam idade entre sete e 11 anos, sexo masculino, diagnóstico de TDAH tipo combinado, sem comorbidades (exceto o transtorno desafiador opositivo) e sem terem iniciado tratamento. O grupo controle foi composto de 32 escolares da rede pública do município de São Paulo e seguiu os mesmos critérios de inclusão em relação à idade e sexo. A avaliação foi feita por meio da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor, descrita por Rosa Neto, na qual foram utilizados todos os testes propostos: motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal, organização espacial e temporal. Todos os testes foram aplicados em uma única sessão, com tempo médio de 40 minutos. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o pacote estatístico Stata versão 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, E.U.A.) e empregados os testes Shapiro-Wilks, teste t de Student, teste U de Mann-Whitnney. Os resultados demonstraram que os quocientes motores de todas as áreas estudadas foram mais baixos no grupo caso que no grupo controle, apesar de em sua maioria representarem valores normais segundo a escala (53% apresentaram desenvolvimento normal médio, 29% normal baixo, 9% muito inferior, 6% normal alto e 3% inferior). A maioria das crianças com TDAH (88,3%) atingiu idades negativas (média -12,8 meses), através da diferença da idade motora geral e a idade cronológica. Nos indivíduos saudáveis, a idade negativa média foi igual a -3,9 meses e ocorreu em 53,1% da amostra. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos quanto à idade motora geral (p=0,004), quociente motor geral (p<0,001), equilíbrio (p=0,008), organização espacial (p<0,001), motricidade fina (p=0,009) e global (p=0,008). Assim, foi possível verificar dificuldades no desempenho psicomotor de crianças com TDAH do tipo combinado. O conhecimento sobre o perfil psicomotor dessas crianças pode auxiliar na definição das propostas terapêuticas, a fim de minimizar os prejuízos em sua qualidade de vida. / The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children and the psychomotor skill of these children may be significantly lower than expected by about 30% to 50% of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the psychomotor profile of children with ADHD combined type. The case group consisted of 34 patients followed in outpatient clinics of the Child Neurology of Central Institute and Learning Disorders of Children\'s Institute of Clinics Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo, who were aged between seven and 11 years, sex male, diagnosis for ADHD combined type, without comorbidity (except oppositional defiant disorder) and had not begun treatment. The control group was composed of 32 scholars from public schools in São Paulo and followed the same inclusion criteria regarding age and sex. The evaluation was made through the Motor Development Scale, described by Rosa Neto, which were used in all tests available: fine motricity, gross motricity, balance, body scheme, spatial and temporal organization. All tests were applied in one session, wtith medium time of 40 minutes. For the statistical analysis used Stata software version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) and used the Shapiro-Wilks tests, Student t test, Mann-U Whitnney test. The results showed that the ratios engines all areas studied were lower in case group than the control group, although in most cases represent normal values according to scale (53% were classified as normal medium motor development, 29% normal low, 9% very low, 6% normal high and 3% lower). Most children with ADHD (88.3%) achieved negative ages (average -12.8 months) by age difference genreal motor age and chronological age. In healthy subjects, the average of negative age was equal to -3.9 months and occurred in 53.1% of the sample. Statistically significant differences between groups in general motor age (p = 0.004), general motor quotient (p <0.001), balance (p = 0.008), spatial organization (p <0.001), fine motricity (p = 0.009) and gross motricity (p = 0.008). Thus, it was possible observed problems in psychomotor performance of children with ADHD combined type. Knowledge about the psychomotor profile of these children may assist in determining treatment proposals in order to minimize losses in their quality of life.

O transtorno de déficit de atenção/ hiperatividade (TDAH) é o distúrbio neurocomportamental mais comum na população pediátrica e, a habilidade psicomotora dessas crianças pode ser significativamente mais baixa do que se espera em cerca de 30% a 50% dos casos. O objetivo desse estudo foi traçar o perfil psicomotor de crianças com TDAH do tipo combinado. O grupo caso foi formado por 34 pacientes acompanhados nos ambulatórios de Neurologia Infantil do Instituto Central e de Distúrbios do Aprendizado do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, que apresentavam idade entre sete e 11 anos, sexo masculino, diagnóstico de TDAH tipo combinado, sem comorbidades (exceto o transtorno desafiador opositivo) e sem terem iniciado tratamento. O grupo controle foi composto de 32 escolares da rede pública do município de São Paulo e seguiu os mesmos critérios de inclusão em relação à idade e sexo. A avaliação foi feita por meio da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor, descrita por Rosa Neto, na qual foram utilizados todos os testes propostos: motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal, organização espacial e temporal. Todos os testes foram aplicados em uma única sessão, com tempo médio de 40 minutos. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o pacote estatístico Stata versão 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, E.U.A.) e empregados os testes Shapiro-Wilks, teste t de Student, teste U de Mann-Whitnney. Os resultados demonstraram que os quocientes motores de todas as áreas estudadas foram mais baixos no grupo caso que no grupo controle, apesar de em sua maioria representarem valores normais segundo a escala (53% apresentaram desenvolvimento normal médio, 29% normal baixo, 9% muito inferior, 6% normal alto e 3% inferior). A maioria das crianças com TDAH (88,3%) atingiu idades negativas (média -12,8 meses), através da diferença da idade motora geral e a idade cronológica. Nos indivíduos saudáveis, a idade negativa média foi igual a -3,9 meses e ocorreu em 53,1% da amostra. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos quanto à idade motora geral (p=0,004), quociente motor geral (p<0,001), equilíbrio (p=0,008), organização espacial (p<0,001), motricidade fina (p=0,009) e global (p=0,008). Assim, foi possível verificar dificuldades no desempenho psicomotor de crianças com TDAH do tipo combinado. O conhecimento sobre o perfil psicomotor dessas crianças pode auxiliar na definição das propostas terapêuticas, a fim de minimizar os prejuízos em sua qualidade de vida. / The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children and the psychomotor skill of these children may be significantly lower than expected by about 30% to 50% of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the psychomotor profile of children with ADHD combined type. The case group consisted of 34 patients followed in outpatient clinics of the Child Neurology of Central Institute and Learning Disorders of Children\'s Institute of Clinics Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo, who were aged between seven and 11 years, sex male, diagnosis for ADHD combined type, without comorbidity (except oppositional defiant disorder) and had not begun treatment. The control group was composed of 32 scholars from public schools in São Paulo and followed the same inclusion criteria regarding age and sex. The evaluation was made through the Motor Development Scale, described by Rosa Neto, which were used in all tests available: fine motricity, gross motricity, balance, body scheme, spatial and temporal organization. All tests were applied in one session, wtith medium time of 40 minutes. For the statistical analysis used Stata software version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) and used the Shapiro-Wilks tests, Student t test, Mann-U Whitnney test. The results showed that the ratios engines all areas studied were lower in case group than the control group, although in most cases represent normal values according to scale (53% were classified as normal medium motor development, 29% normal low, 9% very low, 6% normal high and 3% lower). Most children with ADHD (88.3%) achieved negative ages (average -12.8 months) by age difference genreal motor age and chronological age. In healthy subjects, the average of negative age was equal to -3.9 months and occurred in 53.1% of the sample. Statistically significant differences between groups in general motor age (p = 0.004), general motor quotient (p <0.001), balance (p = 0.008), spatial organization (p <0.001), fine motricity (p = 0.009) and gross motricity (p = 0.008). Thus, it was possible observed problems in psychomotor performance of children with ADHD combined type. Knowledge about the psychomotor profile of these children may assist in determining treatment proposals in order to minimize losses in their quality of life.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to observe the influence of articular mobility through swimming lessons in younger school age children. Verified articulated mobility tests are used for these findings. Testing will take place twice, at the beginning and at the end of the swimming training over the course of one half-year. Testing will be done in two groups of children. The first group consists of students who participate in compulsory swimming lessons. The second group consists of children regularly taking part in swimming training in the swimming section in Brandýs nad Labem. In addition, people divided into swimmers and non-swimmers, and into boys and girls, were tested. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of motor abilities with focus on flexibility, characteristics of younger school age children and swimming training and swimming. The practical part consists of a description of the experiment and analysis of the results of the individual flexibility tests. The results of the work have shown that swimming is an appropriate means of developing flexibility. Improvements in all the groups studied were confirmed. KEYWORDS motor ability, flexibility, swimming, swimming training, younger school age, motor tests, student

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess benefits of therapy by Vojta method and by using the active videogame Nintendo Wii. The manual dexterity and gross motor function were evaluated. Methodology: The study was attended by 14 children aged 6 - 18 years. They were divided into two equal groups. The Vojta method was applied for the first group and exercising with Nintendo Wii for the second group. Each therapy took 30 days. After a 6 months break the two groups were changed. During those 6 months no targeted physiotherapy was done. The manual dexterity and gross motor functions were measured before and after the therapy and 8 weeks after finishing the therapy. The Box and Block test and the Nine Hole Peg test were used for assessment of manual dexterity and GMFM was used for testing of gross motor function. The children completed the PACES questionnaire after each of the interventions. Results: Statistics showed a significant change in the manual dexterity over the time when the Box and Block test was used. A difference between the two types of therapy has not been proven. Results of the Nine Hole Peg test were not statistically significant, neither in time nor when comparing the therapies. GMFM was not statistically significant either. The PACES did not show any difference between the therapies....

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-28T14:47:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elaineandrademoura.pdf: 2353135 bytes, checksum: 1a7548b8dc672e66f70878d9f5b2e57d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-29T10:55:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elaineandrademoura.pdf: 2353135 bytes, checksum: 1a7548b8dc672e66f70878d9f5b2e57d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T10:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elaineandrademoura.pdf: 2353135 bytes, checksum: 1a7548b8dc672e66f70878d9f5b2e57d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O envelhecimento é um processo complexo que envolve as dimensões física, psicológica e sociocultural do indivíduo. Uma compreensão mais aprofundada desse período da vida permite mudar a visão de decrepitude associada a esse processo de envelhecimento e adensar os princípios para garantir um envelhecimento saudável. A cada dia, vêm surgindo estudos com enfoque na visão positiva do envelhecimento, transmutando aquela visão estereotipada da velhice. Desta forma, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar os aspectos motores, habilidade manual e mobilidade corporal, e os aspectos psicológicos, satisfação com a vida e percepção do envelhecimento, em idosos que frequentam o Centro de Convivência Dona Itália Franco e o Polo de Enriquecimento Cultural para a Terceira Idade. Como metodologia, optou-se por um estudo transversal, descritivo, correlacional e quantitativo. A seleção dos participantes foi feita por meio da amostragem aleatória simples, feita com base no cadastro inicial dos idosos que frequentam os locais. A fim de alcançar os objetivos traçados, foram aplicados 7 (sete) instrumentos: o questionário sociodemográfico, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental para avaliar a capacidade cognitiva, o índice de Barthel para avaliar a independência em atividades diárias; o Nine Hole Peg Test para avaliar a habilidade manual fina; o Timed up and go test para avaliar a mobilidade corporal; o Ìndice de Satisfação com a vida para a terceira idade, um questionário que avalia a satisfação com a vida e por fim, o Questionário de Percepção do Envelhecimento para avaliar como os idosos percebem esse período da vida. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0, com nível de significância de 0,05 para todos os testes. Constatou-se por meio desse estudo que locais como o Centro de Convivência e o Polo de Enriquecimento Cultural da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG, são locais propícios para promover um envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Diante disso, os idosos que frequentam tais estabelecimentos apresentam uma manutenção da capacidade funcional em idades mais avançadas, estão satisfeitos com a vida independente da idade, da classe econômica, da escolaridade e do estado civil, e percebem o processo de envelhecimento de uma forma positiva. / Ageing is a complex process involving the physical, psychological and sociocultural dimensions of the individual. A deeper understanding of this period of life lets one change the view of decrepitude associated with this ageing process and thicken the principles to ensure a healthy ageing. There are new studies focusing on the positive view of ageing coming every single day, transmuting the stereotypical view of old age. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the motor aspects, manual dexterity, body mobility, as well as psychological aspects, life satisfaction and the perception of ageing in the elderly who attend the Centro de Convivência Dona Itália Franco the Polo de Enriquecimento Cultural para a Terceira Idade. As regards methodology, a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study has been chosen. The selection of subjects was made through a simple random sampling taken based on the initial registration of the elderly who attend the aforementioned places. In order to achieve the objectives outlined, seven (7) tools were applied: sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination to assess the cognitive ability, the Barthel index to assess independence in daily activities, the Nine Hole Peg Test to assess the fine manual dexterity, the Timed up and go test to assess body mobility, the Life Satisfaction Index for Senior Citizens, a questionnaire which assesses satisfaction with life and, lastly, the Ageing Perception Questionnaire, to evaluate how the elderly perceive this period of life. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0, was used with a significance level of 0.05 for all tests. It was found through this study that places like the Centro de Convivência and Polo de Enriquecimento Cultural of Juiz de Fora, MG, are good places for the promotion of successful ageing. Due to the findings in this dissertation, the elderly who attend such establishments showed a maintenance of the functional capacity in older ages, are satisfied with life regardless of age, social class, education and marital status, and perceive the ageing process in a positive way.