En zonas con alto flujo peatonal y vehicular se presentan mayores congestiones e incidentes que afectan principalmente a los peatones y esto ocurre debido al reducido tiempo de cruce peatonal, consideraciones de diseño deficientes y el inadecuado comportamiento de los usuarios viales. Por ello, es necesario realizar el estudio y la aplicación de medidas que contribuyan a salvaguardar la seguridad de los peatones en estas áreas. Actualmente, en la intersección de las avenidas Abancay con Nicolas de Piérola, se prioriza el paso vehicular, a pesar de la alta demanda peatonal y la alta tasa de accidentes. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo reducir la cantidad de conflictos peatón-vehículo por medio de la aplicación de un crucero peatonal diagonal en esta intersección. Para ello, se construye un modelo de microsimulación en el programa VISSIM que represente el comportamiento de los usuarios y permita el análisis de la propuesta. La metodología se desarrolla en tres partes. Primero, se describe y caracteriza la intersección por medio de las visitas de campo y videos recopilados por dron. Posteriormente, los datos obtenidos se introducen al programa, el modelo resultante es calibrado y validado empleando 5 parámetros de fuerza social. Luego, se realizan modificaciones para incluir el crucero peatonal diagonal con la fase semafórica exclusiva generada en VISTRO. Finalmente, se plantea el diseño de la intersección con crucero peatonal diagonal. Como resultado, se comprueba la reducción de conflictos peatón-vehículo en un 74% y el incremento de la seguridad vial con un enfoque en los peatones. / In areas with high vehicular and pedestrian flow there are greater congestion and incidents that mainly affect pedestrians, this occurs due to many factors such as reduced crossing time, insufficient design considerations and inadequate user behavior. That is why it is necessary to study countermeasures that help safeguard pedestrians in these areas. Currently, at the intersection between Abancay and Nicolas de Pierola Avenues, the vehicular crossing is prioritized despite of the high-density pedestrian traffic and the high rates of accidents. This investigation aims to reduce the number of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts by implementing a scramble crossing at the intersection. Therefore, a microsimulation model is generate using VISSIM Software that replicate the road user behavior and allows analysis of the applied proposal. The methodology used includes three main parts. First, the intersection is described and characterized by site visits and drone videos. Second, the collected data is entered into a model that represents the current situation, for which it is calibrated and validated using 5 parameters of the social force model. Then, on current situation model, a design is made with the crosswalk proposed. An exclusive pedestrian phase is included adapting the traffic signal optimization generated by VISTRO Software. Finally, an intersection design with an appropriate pedestrian interval is presented to help to increase the road safety and it is verified with a checklist. As a result, this verifies the reduction of road incidents caused mainly by the pedestrian-vehicle conflict by 74% and focuses on improvement of road safety for pedestrians. / Tesis

Projektets utgångspunkt är ett nytt konstmuseum i Uppsala, i området bakom Uppsala centralstation, som nyligen genomgått ett ansiktslyft. Museets långsmala karaktär har hämtats från det intilliggande godsmagasinet och från tomtens form. Genom byggnaden har ett diagonalt stråk öppnats, för att ge möjlighet åt fotgängare att passera genom byggnaden och för att skapa liv och rörelse på platsen. Genom fönstren i passagen kan förbipasserande få en skymt av vad som händer inuti muséet. I passagen ligger museets entré, den pedagogiska verksamheten och ett kafé för allmänheten. Museets fasad är inspirerad av den arabiska mashrabiyan. Byggnaden har fönster längs hela fasaden, som i sin tur är täckta av skärmar tillverkade av sträckmetall. Ljuset tillåts komma in i byggnaden samtidigt som sträckmetallen täcker fasaden och bevarar något av museets hemligheter för förbipasserande. Museets inre väggar består av massiva betongskivor, placerade i ett rutnät som fått sin riktning av passagen genom huset. Betongrutnätet bildar två typer av rum, de inre rummen med en mer stängd karaktär och en traditionell, fyrkantig rumsform, och de yttre triangulära rummen som får dagsljus utifrån, genom sträckplåten som täcker de yttre glasväggarna. Under kvällstid lyser museet själv upp omgivningarna genom hålen i sträckmetallen. / The project is about creating a new art museum in Uppsala, situated in the area behind Uppsala centralstation, where extensive retouching of the area recently was made. The long and slender character of the buildning derives from the shape of the old cargo warehouse next to the museum, and from the shape of the plot. Through the building runs a passage that lends pedestrian a shortcut through it, which will bring life to the area. Along the passage through the museum, the ground floor of the building is entirely covered by windows, in order to give passing strollers a glimpse of what is happening inside the museum. The entrance, the educational activities and the café is situated along the passage. The facade of the museum is inspired by the arabic mashrabiya fenomenon. The exterior facade of the building is entirely covered with windows which in turn are covered with screens of expanded metal. Daylight may enter through the tiny holes in the screens, while at the same time the metal screens manages to keep some of the secrets of the museum from the people passing by. The inner walls, made of concrete, form a diagonal grid inside the building, creating two types of rooms. The inner rooms, which are quadratic and have a more closed and darker character, and the outer rooms which are triangular and receive light from the outside through the expanded metal screens. At nighttime, instead the museum itself lights the place around it.

Propagation of coherent waves through disordered media, whether optical, acoustic, or radio waves, results in a spatially redistributed random intensity pattern known as speckle -- a statistical phenomenon. The subject of this dissertation is the statistics of monochromatic coherent light traversing disordered photonic lattices and its dependence on the disorder class, the level of disorder and the excitation configuration at the input. Throughout the dissertation, two disorder classes are considered, namely, diagonal and off-diagonal disorders. The latter exhibits disorder-immune chiral symmetry -- the appearance of the eigenmodes in skew-symmetric pairs and the corresponding eigenvalues in opposite signs. When a disordered photonic lattice, an array of evanescently coupled waveguides, is illuminated with an extended coherent optical field, discrete speckle develops. Numerical simulations and analytical modeling reveal that discrete speckle shows a set of surprising features, that are qualitatively indistinguishable in both disorder classes. First, the fingerprint of transverse Anderson localization -- associated with disordered lattices, is exhibited in the narrowing of the spatial coherence function. Second, the transverse coherence length (or speckle grain size) freezes upon propagation. Third, the axial coherence depth is independent of the axial position, thereby resulting in a coherence voxel of fixed volume independently of position. When a single lattice site is coherently excited, I discovered that a thermalization gap emerges for light propagating in disordered lattices endowed with disorder-immune chiral symmetry. In these systems, the span of sub-thermal photon statistics is inaccessible to the input coherent light, which -- once the steady state is reached -- always emerges with super-thermal statistics no matter how small the disorder level. An independent constraint of the input field for the chiral symmetry to be activated and the gap to be observed is formulated. This unique feature enables a new form of photon-statistics interferometry: by exciting two lattice sites with a variable relative phase, as in a traditional two-path interferometer, the excitation-symmetry of the chiral mode pairs is judiciously broken and interferometric control over the photon statistics is exercised, spanning sub-thermal and super-thermal regimes. By considering an ensemble of disorder realizations, this phenomenon is demonstrated experimentally: a deterministic tuning of the intensity fluctuations while the mean intensity remains constant. Finally, I examined the statistics of the emerging light in two different lattice topologies: linear and ring lattices. I showed that the topology dictates the light statistics in the off-diagonal case: for even-sited ring and linear lattices, the electromagnetic field evolves into a single quadrature component, so that the field takes discrete phase values and is non-circular in the complex plane. As a consequence, the statistics become super-thermal. For odd-sited ring lattices, the field becomes random in both quadratures resulting in sub-thermal statistics. However, this effect is suppressed due to the transverse localization of light in lattices with high disorder. In the diagonal case, the lattice topology does not play a role and the transmitted field always acquires random components in both quadratures, hence the phase distribution is uniform in the steady state.

論文共一冊，約三萬字左右，分為六章，茲概述如下：因子分析的目的在尋求少數不 可直接觀測的隨機變數，或稱共同因子，以解釋一組可觀測的隨機變數的相關結構。 第一章為緒論，說明研究動機與研究目的暨本文摘要及結構。 第二章將討論對因子分析模式的前提未能充分掌握時，則對所得到的因子模式，必然 不能得到明確的解釋。為了消除因轉軸而引起之不明確性，而被提出的方法有多種， 其中之一為Thurstone 在１９４７年所提出之“簡單結構”的五個原則。其他為去除 轉之不確定性而被提出之各種因子軸的旋轉程序，希望能夠不要完全依賴實驗者的事 前假設，稱為為分析性轉軸法，其中直交旋轉因子軸或簡單結構的一個最受歡迎的方 法，是Kaiser於１９５８年提出的最大變異直交轉軸法。 在第三章中將討論一些其他解最大變異轉軸問題的解法，這些解法允許“最大變異轉 軸問題”被解釋為“同時對角化一組對稱矩陣問題”，這是更一般化的問題。 在第四章中，將研究Horst ＆Sherin所提出的其他種根據最大變異準則的矩陣公式而 得的解法。這些解法是同時旋轉所有的因子軸以改善最大變異準則。 第五章中以實證分析來比較最大變異旋轉問題中Horst 及Kaiser的方法。 第六章是為結論。

The aim of this thesis is to study Viking Eggeling’s artwork Diagonal Symphony together with Eggeling’s own art theoretical writings. This method of reading Eggeling’s art theoretical writings with the aim to try and create a deeper understanding of his art and especially Diagonal Symphony is a new approach in Eggeling’s art historical discourse. The thesis starts with a description of how the field of art history has understood Eggeling and his art primarily through art historical research aimed at Hans Richter. I then argue that the method of understanding Eggeling’s art through his own art historical writings is a way to create an independent understanding about Eggeling’s art away from it’s explanatory relation with Richter. To understand and to analyze the relation between Eggeling’s art and art theoretical writings the thesis theoretical viewpoint are a system theoretical one with a special focus on cybernetics and the terms feedback and control. The thesis then establish that Eggeling, in his art and art theoretical writings, tried to compose his own method for creating the form figures we can see appearing in Diagonal Symphony and that this method of creating form was a way for Eggeling to control his creativity and to build up a structured system of forms. The study then concludes with the statement that Eggeling worked with the movie and the scrolls Diagonal Symphony as artistic material formations of a system of forms called Diagonal Symphony and that the system of forms called Diagonal Symphony is the result of Eggeling’s systematic method to generate form in a structured and organised way.

Straipsnyje išnagrineta Moisilo- Teodoresko sistema su jaunesniaisiais koeficientais. Sistemos eilė išsigimsta hiperplokštumos taškuose. Rastas keitinys, kurio pagalba keičiama sistemos koeficientų skleidinio laipsnine eilute struktūra. Šio koeficiento struktūra atitinka sistemos koeficiento skleidinio pagrindines matricos struktūrą. Rastas formalus keitinys, leidžiantis sistemą suskaldyti i dalines sistemas, kada sistemos jaunesniųjų narių skleidinio pagrindinė matrica yra blokinė- diagonalinė. / The paper examined Moisilo-Teodoresko system junior coefficients. Number of degenerate system hiperplane points. We find the amendment, as an aid System gradual series coefficients of expansions in the structure. This coefficient structure expansions of the system coefficient matrix of the main structure. Found a formal amendment to allow the system divide into subsystems, when younger members of the system expansions in the main blockdiagonal of the matrix.

Tittle: Description quadrupedal locomotion diagonal pattern in specific sport activity (rope climbing, walking, pull-up) Aim of work: The aim is to find a description kvadrupedal locomotion diagonal pattern with rope climbing and its motion pattern compared with the motion pattern of walking and pull-up. Methods: This work is descriptively-association study with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: Alternating activation of upper extremities (rope climbing without the lower extremities), we proved that the movement supporting lower extremities is quadruped locomotion diagonal pattern. Symmetric work of upper extremities (pull-up) is not in response at lower extremities quadruped locomotion diagonal pattern. Key words: Electromyography (EMG), quadruped, diagonal pattern, rope climbing, pull-up, walking

We explore the problem of transforming plane triangulations using simultaneous diagonal flips. Wagner showed that any n-vertex plane triangulation can be transformed to any other plane triangulation on equal number of vertices using a finite sequence of diagonal flips. Later on it has been established that O(n) individual flips suffice to complete this transformation. Bose et al. showed that the transformation can also be done in 4 × ( 2 / log 54/53 + 2 / log 6/5 ) logn + 2 ≈ 327.1 log n simultaneous flips. This bound is asymptotically tight. We present two algorithms to improve the leading coefficient of this bound for transforming any plane triangulation into any other. The first of the two algorithms lowers this bound down to 4 × ( 2 / log 12/11 + 2 / log 9/7 ) logn + 2 ≈ 85.8 log n. By processing and preprocessing the interior and exterior of the triangulation’s Hamiltonian cycle parallelly in an interlaced fashion, we make further improvement of the algorithm from ≈ 327.1 log n down to 12 / log 6/5 logn + 2 ≈ 45.6 log n.

Tittle: Description quadrupedal locomotion diagonal pattern in specific sport activity (rope climbing, walking, pull-up) Aim of work: The aim is to find a description kvadrupedal locomotion diagonal pattern with rope climbing and its motion pattern compared with the motion pattern of walking and pull-up. Methods: This work is descriptively-association study with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: Alternating activation of upper extremities (rope climbing without the lower extremities), we proved that the movement supporting lower extremities is quadruped locomotion diagonal pattern. Symmetric work of upper extremities (pull-up) is not in response at lower extremities quadruped locomotion diagonal pattern. Key words: Electromyography (EMG), quadruped, diagonal pattern, rope climbing, pull-up, walking

Let F be a field, let G be an undirected graph on n vertices, and let SF(G) be the set of all F-valued symmetric n x n matrices whose nonzero off-diagonal entries occur in exactly the positions corresponding to the edges of G. Let MRF(G) be defined as the set of matrices in SF(G) whose rank achieves the minimum of the ranks of matrices in SF(G). We develop techniques involving Z-hat, a process termed nil forcing, and induced subgraphs, that can determine when diagonal entries corresponding to specific vertices of G must be zero or nonzero for all matrices in MRF(G). We call these vertices nil or nonzero vertices, respectively. If a vertex is not a nil or nonzero vertex, we call it a neutral vertex. In addition, we completely classify the vertices of trees in terms of the classifications: nil, nonzero and neutral. Next we give an example of how nil vertices can help solve the inverse inertia problem. Lastly we give results about the inverse eigenvalue problem and solve a more complex variation of the problem (the λ, µ problem) for the path on 4 vertices. We also obtain a general result for the λ, µ problem concerning the number of λ’s and µ’s that can be equal.