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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux peptides biomimétiques et de benzothiadiazines / Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new biomimetic peptides and benzothiadiazins

Kihal, Nadjib 29 January 2013 (has links)
Les canaux potassiques sensibles à l’ATP (KATP) jouent un rôle primordial dans plusieurs processus cellulaires. La modulation de ces canaux par des molécules activatrices constituerait des applications pharmacologiques et médicinales très intéressantes. À cet effet nous avons conçu et synthétisé de nouvelles molécules hybrides cromakalim-diazoxide et diazoxide-amine/aminoacide. Nous avons également, évalué l’activité myorelaxante de ces composés sur l’aorte de rates. Les résultats obtenus ne montrent pas un effet myorelaxant significatif. Des études sur d’autres tissus, notamment les cellules β pancréatiques et le muscle utérin, sont envisagées afin d’explorer une éventuelle sélectivité tissulaire. Par ailleurs, les interactions protéine-protéine jouent un rôle fondamental dans presque tous les processus cellulaires. Elles sont fortement impliquées dans la formation de la structure dimérique de la protéase du VIH-1 et l’agrégation du peptide β amyloïde impliquée dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. L’inhibition de ces interactions serait donc d’un avantage thérapeutique pour le traitement du SIDA et de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Nous avons conçu et synthétisé d’une part, des pinces moléculaires à base de motifs carbonylhydrazides et oligohydrazides (Azatide), et d’autre part, des molécules pentapeptidiques avec un peudoaminoacide central alcoolfluoré. Enfin, nous avons testé la capacité des pinces moléculaires à perturber le feuillet β terminal de la PR du VIH-1 afin d'inhiber sa dimérisation et donc son activité. Nous avons réalisé de même une étude de relation structure-activité et d’après l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, il semblerait que la flexibilité est délétère pour l’activité inhibitrice. Nous avons également évalué la capacité des nouvelles molécules peptidomimétiques alcool fluorées à accélérer ou inhiber l’agrégation du peptide Aβ1-42 dans le but de diminuer la présence de petits oligomères neurotoxiques. Les résultats obtenus sont très prometteurs, nous avons réussi à développer d’une part un pentapeptide capable d’inhiber totalement l’agrégation de Aβ1-42, et d’autre part des pseudopentapeptides capables d’accélérer son agrégation. Nous avons aussi démontré l’influence de l’atome de fluor sur la structuration d’un pentapeptide. Des études par RMN et DC sont en cours. / ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) play an important role in many cellular processes. The modulation of these channels by activating molecules may constitute very interesting pharmacological and medicinal applications. For this purpose, we have designed and synthesized new hybrid molecules cromakalim-diazoxide and diazoxide-amine/aminoacid. We also evaluated the relaxant activity of these compounds on aorta of rats. The obtained results do not show a significant relaxant effect. Studies on other tissues, including pancreatic  cells and uterine muscle, are envisaged to explore the potency of these compounds and their possible tissue selectivity.Otherwise, Protein-protein interactions play a fundamental role in almost all cellular processes. They are strongly involved in the formation of the dimeric structure of HIV-1 protease and β amyloid peptide aggregation involved in Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of these interactions would be a therapeutic advantage for the treatment of AIDS and Alzheimer's disease. We designed and synthesized on one hand, molecular tongs based on carbonylhydrazide oligohydrazid (Azatide) fragments and in the other hand, pentapeptide molecules with a central fluorinated and hydroxylated aminoacid. Finally, we tested the ability of molecular tongs to disrupt the terminal β sheet of the HIV-1 PR to inhibit its dimerization and thus its activity. We have also conducted a structure-activity relationship study and According to the results it seems that flexibility is detrimental to the inhibitory activity. We evaluated as well the ability of new fluorinated and hydroxylated peptidomimetics to accelerate or inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-42 peptide in order to reduce the presence of small toxic oligomers. The results are very promising that we succeeded in developing a pentapeptide able to completely inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-42, and in the other hand pseudopentapeptides able to accelerate its aggregation. We also demonstrated the influence of fluorine on the structure of a pentapeptides. Studies by NMR and DC are in progress.
12

Synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux peptides biomimétiques et de benzothiadiazines

Kihal, Nadjib 29 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Les canaux potassiques sensibles à l'ATP (KATP) jouent un rôle primordial dans plusieurs processus cellulaires. La modulation de ces canaux par des molécules activatrices constituerait des applications pharmacologiques et médicinales très intéressantes. À cet effet nous avons conçu et synthétisé de nouvelles molécules hybrides cromakalim-diazoxide et diazoxide-amine/aminoacide. Nous avons également, évalué l'activité myorelaxante de ces composés sur l'aorte de rates. Les résultats obtenus ne montrent pas un effet myorelaxant significatif. Des études sur d'autres tissus, notamment les cellules β pancréatiques et le muscle utérin, sont envisagées afin d'explorer une éventuelle sélectivité tissulaire. Par ailleurs, les interactions protéine-protéine jouent un rôle fondamental dans presque tous les processus cellulaires. Elles sont fortement impliquées dans la formation de la structure dimérique de la protéase du VIH-1 et l'agrégation du peptide β amyloïde impliquée dans la maladie d'Alzheimer. L'inhibition de ces interactions serait donc d'un avantage thérapeutique pour le traitement du SIDA et de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Nous avons conçu et synthétisé d'une part, des pinces moléculaires à base de motifs carbonylhydrazides et oligohydrazides (Azatide), et d'autre part, des molécules pentapeptidiques avec un peudoaminoacide central alcoolfluoré. Enfin, nous avons testé la capacité des pinces moléculaires à perturber le feuillet β terminal de la PR du VIH-1 afin d'inhiber sa dimérisation et donc son activité. Nous avons réalisé de même une étude de relation structure-activité et d'après l'ensemble des résultats obtenus, il semblerait que la flexibilité est délétère pour l'activité inhibitrice. Nous avons également évalué la capacité des nouvelles molécules peptidomimétiques alcool fluorées à accélérer ou inhiber l'agrégation du peptide Aβ1-42 dans le but de diminuer la présence de petits oligomères neurotoxiques. Les résultats obtenus sont très prometteurs, nous avons réussi à développer d'une part un pentapeptide capable d'inhiber totalement l'agrégation de Aβ1-42, et d'autre part des pseudopentapeptides capables d'accélérer son agrégation. Nous avons aussi démontré l'influence de l'atome de fluor sur la structuration d'un pentapeptide. Des études par RMN et DC sont en cours.
13

Avaliaçãoo do impacto do diazóxido nas lesões locais e sistêmicas em animais submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão intestinal / Evaluation of the impact of diazoxide in local and systemic lesions in animals submitted to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

Dourado, Saulo Fernandes de Mattos 27 February 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) intestinal podem ocorrer em cirurgias vasculares e abdominais, trauma, choque, grandes queimados e transplante intestinal. O órgão funciona como barreira contra agressores externos, e uma vez lesionado, sofre aumento da permeabilidade, que permite a passagem de mediadores inflamatórios e bactérias, causando sepse, inflamação sistêmica e disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, que é a maior causa de morte em unidades de terapia intensiva cirúrgica. O diazóxido tem mecanismo de ação semelhante ao pré-condicionamento isquêmico, e demonstrou proteção em I/R de diversos órgãos. De forma semelhante, em cenário de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal, supomos que ele desempenharia função protetora no intestino, através do pré-condicionamento farmacológico, e em órgãos distantes, exercendo o pré-condicionamento remoto. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos do diazóxido em intestino, fígado e coração de ratos submetidos a uma hora de isquemia e doze horas de reperfusão intestinal. MÉTODOS: 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em três grupos, Sham (n=6); Salina (n=13) submetido a uma hora de isquemia e doze horas de reperfusão intestinal, tendo recebido soro fisiológico; Diazóxido (n=13) submetido a I/R e diazóxido. O modelo de I/R incluiu laparotomia mediana e clampeamento da artéria mesentérica superior. No soro, estudamos citocinas, AST, ALT, troponina e IFABP. Em amostras de intestino e fígado, quantificamos a expressão gênica de citocinas e COX-2. No intestino foi estudada ainda a expressão de proteínas ligadas a barreira intestinal (tight junctions): ZO-1, ocludina e JAM-A. Realizamos preparações histológicas em hematoxiina e eosina de intestino, fígado e coração. RESULTADOS: Evidenciamos redução de expressão de IL-6 intestinal, redução de IL-10 hepática, além de menor expressão de COX-2 intestinal e de ZO-1. IL-6 tem níveis associados a dano da barreira intestinal, assim como COX-2. A menor expressão de ZO-1 indica menor esforço de reparação, proporcional ao grau de lesão em modelos não letais de dano tecidual. CONCLUSÃO: O diazóxido exerce efeito protetor sobre o intestino de ratos após uma hora de isquemia e doze horas de reperfusão, porém não foi possível demonstrar efeito protetor sobre fígado ou coração / INTRODUCTION: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion can occur in great vascular and abdominal surgeries, trauma, shock, great burns and intestinal transplantation. Since the organ works as a barrier against external threats, and once damaged, permeability increases, which permits passage of bacteria and inflammatory mediators, causing sepsis, systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction, the greatest death cause in surgical intensive care units. Diazoxide has similar mechanisms to ischemic preconditioning, and proved benefit during I/R in several tissues. Similarly, in an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion situation, we suppose it can protect intestine with pharmacological preconditioning, and remote organs, with remote preconditioning. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diazoxide effects over intestine, liver and heart of rats submitted to one-hour ischemia and twelve-hour reperfusion of intestine. METHODS: 32 male Wistar rats divided in three groups, Sham (n=6); Saline (n=13) submitted to one hour of intestinal ischemia and 12 hours of reperfusion and 0.9% saline; Diazoxide (n=13), submitted I/R and diazoxide. I/R model included median laparotomy and superior mesenteric artery clamping. In blood, we studied cytokines, TGO, TGP, troponin and IFABP. In intestine and liver, we quantified genic expression. Of cytokines and COX-2. In intestine, we also studied expression of tight junctions proteins. Also, histologic analysis in hematoxilin-eosin for intestine, liver and heart. RESULTS: We found lower expression of intestinal IL-6, hepatic IL-10, and lower levels of intestinal COX-2 and ZO-1. IL-6 high levels are associated with intestinal barrier lesion, as for COX-2. Lower levels of ZO-1 correlate with minor repair effort, proportional to lesion grade in non-letal models of damage. CONCLUSION: Diazoxide exerts protective effect over intestine of rats submitted to one hour of ischemia and twelve hours of intestinal reperfusion, but no effect was demonstrated over liver and heart
14

Avaliaçãoo do impacto do diazóxido nas lesões locais e sistêmicas em animais submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão intestinal / Evaluation of the impact of diazoxide in local and systemic lesions in animals submitted to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

Saulo Fernandes de Mattos Dourado 27 February 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) intestinal podem ocorrer em cirurgias vasculares e abdominais, trauma, choque, grandes queimados e transplante intestinal. O órgão funciona como barreira contra agressores externos, e uma vez lesionado, sofre aumento da permeabilidade, que permite a passagem de mediadores inflamatórios e bactérias, causando sepse, inflamação sistêmica e disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, que é a maior causa de morte em unidades de terapia intensiva cirúrgica. O diazóxido tem mecanismo de ação semelhante ao pré-condicionamento isquêmico, e demonstrou proteção em I/R de diversos órgãos. De forma semelhante, em cenário de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal, supomos que ele desempenharia função protetora no intestino, através do pré-condicionamento farmacológico, e em órgãos distantes, exercendo o pré-condicionamento remoto. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos do diazóxido em intestino, fígado e coração de ratos submetidos a uma hora de isquemia e doze horas de reperfusão intestinal. MÉTODOS: 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em três grupos, Sham (n=6); Salina (n=13) submetido a uma hora de isquemia e doze horas de reperfusão intestinal, tendo recebido soro fisiológico; Diazóxido (n=13) submetido a I/R e diazóxido. O modelo de I/R incluiu laparotomia mediana e clampeamento da artéria mesentérica superior. No soro, estudamos citocinas, AST, ALT, troponina e IFABP. Em amostras de intestino e fígado, quantificamos a expressão gênica de citocinas e COX-2. No intestino foi estudada ainda a expressão de proteínas ligadas a barreira intestinal (tight junctions): ZO-1, ocludina e JAM-A. Realizamos preparações histológicas em hematoxiina e eosina de intestino, fígado e coração. RESULTADOS: Evidenciamos redução de expressão de IL-6 intestinal, redução de IL-10 hepática, além de menor expressão de COX-2 intestinal e de ZO-1. IL-6 tem níveis associados a dano da barreira intestinal, assim como COX-2. A menor expressão de ZO-1 indica menor esforço de reparação, proporcional ao grau de lesão em modelos não letais de dano tecidual. CONCLUSÃO: O diazóxido exerce efeito protetor sobre o intestino de ratos após uma hora de isquemia e doze horas de reperfusão, porém não foi possível demonstrar efeito protetor sobre fígado ou coração / INTRODUCTION: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion can occur in great vascular and abdominal surgeries, trauma, shock, great burns and intestinal transplantation. Since the organ works as a barrier against external threats, and once damaged, permeability increases, which permits passage of bacteria and inflammatory mediators, causing sepsis, systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction, the greatest death cause in surgical intensive care units. Diazoxide has similar mechanisms to ischemic preconditioning, and proved benefit during I/R in several tissues. Similarly, in an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion situation, we suppose it can protect intestine with pharmacological preconditioning, and remote organs, with remote preconditioning. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diazoxide effects over intestine, liver and heart of rats submitted to one-hour ischemia and twelve-hour reperfusion of intestine. METHODS: 32 male Wistar rats divided in three groups, Sham (n=6); Saline (n=13) submitted to one hour of intestinal ischemia and 12 hours of reperfusion and 0.9% saline; Diazoxide (n=13), submitted I/R and diazoxide. I/R model included median laparotomy and superior mesenteric artery clamping. In blood, we studied cytokines, TGO, TGP, troponin and IFABP. In intestine and liver, we quantified genic expression. Of cytokines and COX-2. In intestine, we also studied expression of tight junctions proteins. Also, histologic analysis in hematoxilin-eosin for intestine, liver and heart. RESULTS: We found lower expression of intestinal IL-6, hepatic IL-10, and lower levels of intestinal COX-2 and ZO-1. IL-6 high levels are associated with intestinal barrier lesion, as for COX-2. Lower levels of ZO-1 correlate with minor repair effort, proportional to lesion grade in non-letal models of damage. CONCLUSION: Diazoxide exerts protective effect over intestine of rats submitted to one hour of ischemia and twelve hours of intestinal reperfusion, but no effect was demonstrated over liver and heart

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