The author has developed a dictionary in Spanish for elementary school classroom use.

In current time web pages are being greatly extended to the wide area of human activity. Pages are important for commerce, entertainment and for education too. One of the largest advantage is easy availability all over the world and huge information content, which offer. In those work I will be consider on creation Germany- Czech monolingual dictionary for support subject MEID.

Existing research suggests that it is possible to detect dictionary attacks using IP flows. This type of detection was successfully implemented for SSH, LDAP and RDP protocols. To determine whether it is possible to use the same methods of detection for e-mail protocols virtual test environment was created. I deduced the characteristics of attacks in flows from the data, which I gained from this virtual environment. Than I chose the statistical value that separates the attacks from legitimate traffic. Variance of specific flow parameters was chosen as main characteristic of attacks. IP addresses with flows that have small variance of chosen parameters and high frequency of packet arrival are considered untrustworthy. Variance is calculated from IP history to rule out false positives. The IP history of legitimate user contains variation of flows which prevents marking this IP address as dangerous. On the basis of this principal the script, which detects the attacks from the nfdump output, was created. The success of detection of the attacks was tested on classificated data from the real environment. The results of tests showed, that with good configuration of marginal values the percentage of detected attacks is high and there are no false positives. Detection is not limited only on mail protocols. With regard to universal design, the script is able to detect dictionary attacks on SSH, LDAP, SIP, RDP, SQL, telnet and some other attacks.

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Two studies were conducted to explore the feasibility of adapting reading passages by means of a computer thesaurus and an on-line dictionary. In Study 1, the Computer Thesaurus Study, three word replacement conditions to replace the marked mid- and low-frequency words of a reading passage were compared. Each condition’s performance for the proportion of marked words that could be replaced, the word frequency levels of the submitted synonyms that replaced the marked words, and the time duration needed to replace the marked words was examined. The participants were 12 English-language instructors who were native English speakers. The findings from Study 1 were determined by averaging the proportion of marked words replaced, averaging the word frequency level of submitted synonyms to replace the marked words, and averaging the time duration needed to replace the marked words. In Study 2, the On-line Dictionary Study, three look-up conditions for language learners to learn mid- and low-frequency target words and comprehend a reading passage when they are transferred away to an on-line dictionary were compared. The research questions were focused on how each look-up condition affected the recall and recognition of word forms, word meanings, and passage comprehension. The participants were 84 first-year Japanese medical university students. The data were analyzed with the Rasch model with regard to the recall and recognition of word forms and word meanings, and passage comprehension. Overall, the results suggest three findings in order to adapt the lexis of reading passages for learners in a timely manner. First, the results from the Computer Thesaurus Study suggest in terms of proportion of synonyms offered, the frequency level of synonyms offered, and the amount of time to provide synonyms, it might be best for instructors to replace the unknown words in passage without the use of a computer thesaurus. This study showed that the dynamic involved in choosing synonyms listed from a computer thesaurus increases word frequency level and the time to replace target words in a reading passage. Second, with regard to the On-line Dictionary Study, if the results that were both statistically significant and measurably different are considered, the spell, click and control conditions might promote the learning the forms of words, the meanings of words, and passage comprehension, respectively. However, the click condition might promote both the learning of word meanings and passage comprehension because its effects were higher and measurably different to the spell condition on these measures. Third, if only the results that were statistically significant from the On-line Dictionary Study are considered, there might be two conditions instead of three conditions to learn words and comprehend reading passages. The spell condition might be best for learning the forms and meanings of words and the control condition might be best for promoting passage comprehension. In terms of learning words, the results are consistent with the Type of Processing-Resource Allocation model in that there is a tradeoff for retaining the forms and meanings of words depending on if an activity emphasizes the spellings of words (spell) or the meanings of words (click). In terms of comprehending passages, the results are consistent with Cognitive Load Theory in that germane loads that increase the mental effort to complete a task (click or spell) diminish processing to learn information (control). / Teaching & Learning

The object of this diploma thesis is an octalingual dictionary from 16th century from the collections of the Pedagogical Museum J.A. Komenského in Prague. The title page of this dictionary is missing and therefore the origin, the author and the range of users, who the dictionary was intended for, are not known. The aim of this diploma thesis was to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the dictionary should have served tradesmen and travellers. The methods used were translation, language analysis of the phrase-book and the thematic analysis of the contents of the dictionary. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with lexicography. It introduces the definition of a dictionary and various types of dictionaries with the most attention paid to translational dictionaries. Thereafter, the development of Czech lexicography from its beginning until nowadays is presented. The theoretical section also contains some facts about phrase-books. Furthermore, the time of 16th century is described with the aim to present the period when the dictionary was produced. Regarding the hypothesis mentioned above, the linguistic analysis has brought these results. The dictionary should have served not only tradesmen but a wide range of users because of the general vocabulary and because it is partly mentioned...

This paper sets out a particular concept of intellectual history for discussion and debate concerning the guidelines for our project for the International Dictionary of Intellectual Historians. First let me advance the idea that intellectual history is written everywhere, not only in West European countries, where it emerged, but in East European countries, too, and second that it really is a concept that applies not just to Europe alone but to the whole world, although this suggestion will vastly complicate our notions of intellectual history.

On the journey of learning a language we are exposed to countless words that are easily forgotten and subsequently difficult to find again. This study investigates how to design a personal data management system that enables its users to efficiently organize, find and input the words and phrases that they encounter on their journey. Using DSRM, an artifact was iteratively developed and tested in usability tests and interviews by a total of 10 participants. The feedback from the respondents indicates a strong demand for this type of app and also uncovered design knowledge in this new context. The contribution of this study is a set of 14 design principles for making data management in language learning apps more user-friendly and efficient.

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<p>In compressive sensing, the fundamental problem is to reconstruct sparse signal from its nonadaptive insufficient linear measurement. Besides sparse signal reconstruction algorithms, measurement matrix or measurement dictionary plays an important part in sparse signal recovery. Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm, which is widely used in compressive sensing, is especially affected by measurement dictionary. Measurement dictionary with small restricted isometry constant or coherence could improve the performance of OMP algorithm. Based on measurement dictionary, sensing dictionary can be constructed and can be incorporated into OMP algorithm. In this thesis, two methods are proposed to design sensing dictionary. In the first method, sensing dictionary design problem is formulated as a linear programming problem. The solution is unique and can be obtained by standard linear programming method such as primal-dual interior point method. The major drawback of linear programming based method is its high computational complexity. The second method is termed sensing dictionary designing algorithm. In this algorithm, each atom of sensing dictionary is designed independently to reduce the maximal magnitude of its inner product with measurement dictionary. Compared with linear programming based method, the proposed sensing dictionary design algorithm is of low computational complexity and the performance is similar. Simulation results indicate that both of linear programming based method and the proposed sensing dictionary designing algorithm can design sensing dictionary with small mutual coherence and cumulative coherence. When the designed sensing dictionary is applied to OMP algorithm, the performance of OMP algorithm improves.</p> / Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering (MSECE)