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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Aplicação da radiação gama para incorporação do pó de borracha em formulações de borracha EPDM e nitrílica / Application of gamma irradiation for incorporation of rubber powder in the formulations EPDM and NBR rubber

KIYAN, LUDMILA de Y.P. 19 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-12-19T17:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-19T17:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
32

Aplicação da radiação gama para incorporação do pó de borracha em formulações de borracha EPDM e nitrílica / Application of gamma irradiation for incorporation of rubber powder in the formulations EPDM and NBR rubber

KIYAN, LUDMILA de Y.P. 19 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-12-19T17:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-19T17:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A decomposição natural da borracha é muito lenta, devido às suas estruturas vulcanizadas serem extremamente reticuladas formando uma rede tridimensional, tornando o reprocessamento desse material extremamente difícil. O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo da aplicação da radiação gama como forma de desvulcanização para a reciclagem/reaproveitamento. Foi avaliada a interação de elastômeros com a radiação ionizante de fonte gama investigando-se as alterações nas propriedades físico-químicas dos materiais. Foram utilizadas formulações de borracha NBR (copolímero de Acrilonitrila-Butadieno) e EPDM (terpolímero etileno-propileno-dieno), provenientes da indústria de borracha, reticuladas por mistura convencional à base de enxofre. Foram preparados master-batch com pó de borracha (refugo industrial) e borracha virgem. O material processado (master-batch) foi irradiado em fonte de 60Co nas doses de 50, 100, 150 kGy e taxa de dose de 5 kGy h-1, à temperatura ambiente. O material irradiado foi incorporado nas formulações clássicas à base de enxofre. As formulações foram caracterizadas por: espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), análise térmica (TG e DTG), tensão na ruptura, alongamento na ruptura, dureza, resistência à abrasão, reometria e inchamento. Os resultados mostraram uma predominância de cisão de cadeia na dose de 50 kGy para a borracha EPDM. Para a borracha nitrílica foi observada a predominância de cisão de cadeia na dose de 100 kGy. Estes resultados mostram a possibilidade do uso da radiação gama para o reaproveitamento/reciclagem das borrachas EPDM e nitrílica. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
33

Synthèse d’élastomères de performance par copolymérisation de l’éthylène et de diènes conjugués / High performance elastomer preparation by ethylene/conjugated diene copolymerization

Belaid, Islem 20 December 2017 (has links)
Résumé confidentiel / Résumé confidentiel
34

Analyse morphologique des champs de cavités dans un élastomère sous décompression d'hydrogène : Influence des conditions de décompression et effets d'interaction / Morphological analyses of cavity fields in an elastomer under hydrogen decompression : effects of decompression condition and interaction effects

Kane-Diallo, Ousseynou 30 November 2015 (has links)
La morphologie de l’endommagement par cavitation est analysée dans un EPDM non chargé sous différentes conditions de décompression d’hydrogène. Les expériences permettent devisualiser l’évolution de l’endommagement au cours du temps. Les images obtenues sont traitées pour obtenir l’instant d’apparition, le nombre et la distribution de taille des cavités au cours du temps. Elles permettent également de suivre les cinétiques de croissance / décroissance des plus grosses cavités. Le tracé de covariogrammes permet de quantifier la distribution spatiale de ces cavités. L’analyse de cet ensemble de données porte donc sur deux échelles :celle de cavités indépendantes et celle de champs de cavités. A l’échelle de la cavité, les cinétiques expérimentales sont corrélées à des calculs numériques par Eléments Finis en conditions diffuso-mécaniques couplées sur une cellule élémentaire contenant une ou deuxcavité(s). Ces calculs permettent par ailleurs d’éclairer les évolutions locales des champs mécaniques et de concentration de gaz, ainsi que les mécanismes d’interaction entre cavités voisines. Les covariogrammes fournissent des éléments pour estimer les caractéristiques d’un Volume Elémentaire Représentatif (VER) (taille, isotropie) et discuter la représentativité d’untel modèle numérique selon les conditions de décompression. A l’échelle des champs de cavités,les conditions de décompression influencent la répartition spatiale. Le nombre et la taille des cavités augmentent avec la pression de saturation et/ou la vitesse de décompression, et une seconde population de petites cavités apparaît autour des premières sous conditions sévères.L’homogénéité et l’isotropie de la distribution à l’échelle macroscopique sont étudiées. Il est finalement montré que la morphologie des champs de cavités évolue au cours de cycles successifs. Cette analyse fournit des informations pour discuter et renseigner le cadre et les ingrédients de modèles d’endommagement. / The morphology of cavitation is analyzed in an unfilled EPDM under different hydrogen decompression conditions. The experimental device allows a time-resolved tracking of the evolution of damage. Images are processed to obtain the onset time, the number and sizedistribution of cavities over time, and the inflation / deflation kinetics of the biggest cavities.Covariograms quantifies the spatial distribution of cavity fields. The analysis is thus led at two scales: that of independent cavities and that of the full cavity fields. At the cavity scale, kineticsis shown to be identical for independent cavities but different between inflation and deflation.Experimental kinetics is compared to that issued from Finite Element calculations in a cell containing one or two cavities, in coupled diffuso-mechanical conditions. Calculationshighlight the evolution of local mechanical and gas content fields, as well as interaction effects between close cavities. At the scale of cavity fields, the spatial distribution is influenced by the decompression conditions. The number and size of cavities increase with saturation pressure and/or decompression rate and a second population of small cavities is nucleated around the first one under severe decompression conditions. The homogeneity and isotropy of the distribution at macroscopic scale are studied. The influence of cycling on the evolution of cavitation morphology is addressed in the final part. It was finally found that the morphology of cavity fields evolves during successive cycles. The analysis provides information to discuss and to inquire the framework and ingredients of damage models.
35

In-Situ Investigation of Cavity Nucleation and Growth in Hydrogen-Exposed Epdm during Decompression / Caractérisation in-situ de la nucléation et croissance de cavités sous décompression dans un EPDM exposé à de fortes pressions d'hydrogène

Fazal, Mahak 04 December 2019 (has links)
Le domaine de recherche concerne l’endommagement par cavitation des élastomères exposés à de fortes pressions de gaz diffusant. Ce phénomène résulte de l’expansion locale du gaz préalablement absorbé, lorsque la désorption hors du polymère est trop lente par rapport au chargement imposé. Dans le cas de l’hydrogène qui nous intéresse ici, l’enjeu est le développement de matériaux polymères performants pour les structures de stockage et de distribution d’hydrogène gazeux hyperbare. En conditions d’usage, ces matériaux sont exposés à de fortes pressions d’hydrogène qui diffuse en leur sein et génèrent ensuite de forts endommagements lorsque la pression hydrostatique est relâchée. Les études de laboratoire sur ce sujet restent peu nombreuses, a fortiori sous environnement hydrogène. Sur le plan expérimental, ceci s’explique par la délicate manipulation de l’hydrogène et par le contexte des fortes pressions. Sur le plan de la simulation numérique, un verrou important est lié aux couplages forts entre diffusion et mécanique dans la résolution de l’équilibre de la cavité à chaque instant de son évolution. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le mécanisme élémentaire de formation, puis de croissance et de coalescence des cavités, isolées ou en proche voisinage. Dans ce dernier cas, une éventuelle interaction doit effectivement être caractérisée pour éclairer la coalescence et la transition vers des fissures macroscopiques. Le travail a été mené sur série d’Ethylène Propylène Diène Monomer (EPDM) non-renforcés, avec une densité de points de réticulation variable, exposés à des pressions allant jusqu’à 30 MPa. Le volet expérimental s'appuie sur deux des techniques expérimentales in situ les plus récentes. La diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS) vise à caractériser les hétérogénéités du système réseau élastomère – hydrogène à l'échelle submicronique, et éventuellement à détecter les premiers stades de cavitation. Dans la gamme des faibles pressions accessible sous environnement hydrogène, les hétérogénéités ne sont pas assez marquées pour définir plus qu'une distance de corrélation, qui varie très peu comparativement au matériau non exposé. Après exposition à une pression plus élevée (30 MPa), une augmentation de la distance de corrélation est observée, révélant une modification de l'hétérogénéité de la matrice, irréversible même après désorption complète de l'échantillon. À l’échelle micronique, des expériences de tomographie X in-situ (sous des pressions allant jusqu’à 12 MPa) fournissent des vues 3D résolues en temps des cavités, pendant et après décompression. Ces expériences ont permis de mieux comprendre la cinétique de croissance des cavités dans différentes conditions aux limites locales (dans le volume de l’échantillon, à proximité d'autres cavités, près d'une surface libre) et de les interpréter en regard des propriétés de diffusion de l'échantillon lui-même. Plusieurs populations de cavités, présentant des comportements différents, ont ainsi pu être distinguées en fonction de leur distance à la surface libre de l'échantillon, en lien avec la désorption globale de l’échantillon. Comparativement à cet effet de bord libre, la présence d’une autre cavité en proche voisinage (i.e. à une distance bord à bord supérieure ou égale à 30μm) n’a qu’une influence minime. Les résultats suggèrent que la croissance de la cavité est un processus très local. Dans un contexte diffuso-mécanique fortement couplé, l’interprétation des mécanismes se heurte à l’impossibilité d’accéder expérimentalement aux champs mécaniques et de concentration de gaz. Les codes éléments finis existants rencontrent des problèmes de convergence que le code interne Foxtrot développé à l’Institut Pprime tente de surmonter. Dans une dernière partie exploratoire de la thèse, il a été mis à profit pour comparer les gradients générés par une paire de cavités comparativement à une cavité isolée. / The optimum design and formulation of seals used in hydrogen transport system is crucial for the purposes of safety of operation and well as economic sustainability of hydrogen as energy carrier. The exposure of the sealing materials to hydrogen and subsequent decompression causes cavitation damage. The studies so far on this subject have been few due to the strong limitations arising from the safety issues related to hydrogen testing in laboratory conditions. This study addresses the cavitation in Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM) due to pressure release after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen up to 30 MPa. Three different unfilled EPDM with variable cross-link density were investigated. The study was based on some of the newest in-situ experimental techniques which allow a time-resolved tracking of the evolution of damage. On one side, in-situ SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering) tests of hydrogen-exposed EPDM were aimed at the characterisation of EPDM at submicron scale as a function of network heterogeneity and for tracking the possible onset of distinguishable cavities. At the low pressure range accessible with the device, heterogeneities were not marked enough to define more than a correlation length that was significantly changed compared the unexposed material, whatever the cross-link density. After the exposure at higher pressure (30 MPa) a change in correlation length was observed corresponding to the change in heterogeneity of the matrix which was found to be non-reversible even after full desorption of the sample. At a higher scale, in-situ X-ray tomography was used to provide time-resolved 3D views of damage during and after hydrogen pressure release. These experiments provided insight into the growth kinetics of cavities in different local boundary conditions (within the bulk, close to other cavities, close to a free surface) correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the sample itself. Classification of cavities as bulk and edges cavities was possible with respect with different kinetics depending on their proximity to the free surface of the sample. This could be correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the material. The dependence of kinetics of cavities on the proximity of another cavity was found to be trivial at the scale investigated (above 30 μm between cavity borders) suggesting that growth is a very local process. The previous studies have clarified that the cavitation in rubber is a coupled diffuso-mechanical phenomenon and so far, the numerical tools available have not addressed the problem as such. Therefore, the development of a numerical tool aimed at solving such coupled problems has also been addressed in the present work. This numerical tool called Foxtrot, developed at Institut PPRIME, is in the early stages of development but is a crucial step towards the more realistic simulation of this phenomenon of cavitation. In this fully coupled diffuso-mechanical context, the interpretation of mechanisms is highly limited by the lack of experimental access to the mechanical and gas content fields. Commercial Finite Element codes face convergence problems that the internal code developed at the Pprime Institute (Foxtrot) is trying to overcome. In the last exploratory part of the thesis, the code was used to as a step towards a more realistic simulation of the phenomenon. In particular, gradients around a pair of cavities were compared to those obtained around an isolated cavity.
36

Synthese von Bi-2H-azirin-2-ylen und deren Valenzisomerisierung zu Diazinen

Köhler, Frank 16 July 2002 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Darstellung von Verbindungen mit offenkettiger 1,4-Diazidobuta-1,3-dien-Substruktur beschrieben. Die Synthese dieser neuartigen Verbindungen ist durch Substitutionsreaktion an geeigneten Dihalogen-Vorstufen und durch elektrocyclische Ringöffnung der bisher ebenfalls unbekannten 3,4-Diazidocyclobutene möglich. Die 1,4-Diazidobuta-1,3-diene dienten als Vorläufer zur photochemischen bzw. thermischen Darstellung von Bi-2H-azirin-2-ylen. Einen Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildeten die Untersuchungen zur Valenzisomerisierung dieser Verbindungen.
37

A mild, efficient and catalyst-free thermoreversible ligation system based on dithiooxalates

Pahnke, Kai, Haworth, Naomi L., Brandt, Josef, Richter, Christian, Schmidt, Friedrich G., Lederer, Albena, Paulmann, Uwe, Coote, Michelle L., Barner-Kowollik, Christopher 16 December 2019 (has links)
We demonstrate a novel and ready to prepare thermoreversible hetero Diels–Alder dilinker on the basis of dithiooxalates, enabling the mild, rapid and catalyst-free linkage of diverse diene species under ambient conditions for applications in the fields of, for example, modular ligation, self-healing or recyclable materials and surface modification amongst others. The linker was studied using quantum chemical calculations, and experimentally in small molecular reactions via UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR as well as in step-growth polymerizations with diene-difunctional building blocks – characterized via (temperature dependent) SEC and HT NMR – as an example for efficient polymer ligation.
38

Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroboration and Hydrosilylation

Hossain, Md Istiak January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
39

Exploring the effect of functional group introduction on the photoswitching ability of a bicyclo-[2.2.2]-octa-2,5-diene : A Density Functional Theory computational study of a bicyclo-[2.2.2]-octa-2,5-diene’s storage energy and thermal back conversion energy. / Att utforska effekten av introduktion av funktionell grupp på fotoväxlingsförmågan av en bicyklisk-[2.2.2]-okta-2,5-dien

Mossberg, Emil January 2023 (has links)
A bicyclo-[2.2.2]-octa-2,5-diene (BOD) is a molecular photoswitch which makes up a so-called molecular solar thermal energy storage system. A molecular photoswitch has the ability to capture, store and release solar energy as heat. These processes can be enhanced by functional groups introduction. In this thesis, the effect of functional group introductions on the BODs' solar energy storage capacity and the thermal activation energy required for energy release was investigated. Various functional groups were introduced onto the BOD, and the corresponding storage and thermal back conversion energies were computed. Correlations were identified, and further tested using a practical BOD and its related structures. Conclusively, it was revealed that a storage energy might relate to (i) an electron withdrawing functional group strength, and (ii) an electron rich atom placed next to an electron withdrawing group. A dimethyl introduced bridge was observed to reduce storage energy and seemed to have a positive effect on the thermal back conversion barrier energy. The practical BOD λmax calculation was also computed, however, the result was not so promising as expected. Very little could be said about the thermal back conversion barrier energy due to long computational time and unreliable data. / En bicyklisk-[2.2.2]-okta-2,5-dien (BOD) är en molekylär fotoväxlare som ingår i ett så-kallat molekylär sol-termisk energilagrings-system. En molekylär fotoväxlare kan fånga, lagra och släppa tillbaka solenergin i form av värme. Dessa processer kan förstärkas av funktionella gruppers introduktion. I den här kandidatuppsatsen utforskades effekten av introduktion av funktionella grupper på BODs solenergilagrings-kapacitet och den termiska aktiveringsenergin som behövs för energiutlösning.  Olika funktionella grupper introducerades på BODn, och korresponderande lagringsenergier och termiska tillbakaomvandlingsenergier beräknades. Korrelationer identifierades och testades extensivt mot en praktisk BODs och dess relaterade strukturer. Sammanfattningsvis identifierades lagringsenergins möjliga relationer till (i) en elektron-accepterande funktionell grupps stryka, och (ii) en elektron-rik atom placerade nära en elektrondragande grupp. En dimetyl introducerad bro verkade reducera lagringsenergin och positivt påverka den termiska tillbakaomvandlingsenergin. Beräkning av den praktiska BODns λmax gjordes också, men resultatet var inte det förväntade. Mycket begränsade slutsatser kunde dras om den termiska tillbakaomvandlingsenergin på grund av lång beräkningstid och opålitliga data.
40

Estudo do potencial biocatalÃtico do fungo Rhizopus stolonifer na biotransformaÃÃo de produtos naturais / Study of the potential of fungus biocalytic Rhizopus stolonifer biotransformation in natural products

Josà RÃgis de Paiva 03 February 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho investigou-se o potencial biocatalÃtico do fungo Rhizopus stolonifer um fungo fitopatogÃnico em biotransformaÃÃes de metabÃlitos secundÃrios naturais Dois desses metabolitos, o diterpeno 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e o derivado fenÃlico 6-gingerol foram biotransformados e seus respectivos produtos isolados e quantificados por CLAE A elucidaÃÃo estrutural dos produtos de biotransformaÃÃo pelo fungo Rhizopus stolonifer foram realizadas por anÃlise dos espectros de RMN 1H RMN 13C RMN 13C-DEPT 135 IV e EM Identificou-se que os produtos obtidos eram provenientes de uma biorreduÃÃo revelando o potencial deste fungo na reduÃÃo quimio e regiosseletivas de grupos carbonilas nÃo conjugados Realizou-se o estudo cinÃtico dos produtos de biorreduÃÃo por CLAE e ensaios citotoxicidade frente Ãs linhagens tumorais humanas OVCAR-8 (ovÃrio) SF-295 (glioblastoma) e HCT-8 (cÃlon) O produto biorreduzido 6-gingerdiol apresentou os melhores percentuais de inibiÃÃo do crescimento celular: 91,83; 70,90 e 78,56 respectivamente / In this work the biocatalytic potential of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer a phytopathogenic fungus in biotransformations of natural secondary metabolites was investigated Two of these metabolites the diterpene 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and the phenolic derivative 6-gingerol was biotransformed and their products was isolated and quantified by HPLC The structural determination of biotransformation products was obtained by analysis of 1H NMR 13C NMR 13C-NMR DEPT 135 IV and MS spectrum The products were obtained by a biorreduction process revealing the potential of this fungus in selective reduction of unconjugated carbonyl groups The products from bioreduction were submitted to antitumor assay against human tumor cell lines OVCAR-8 (ovarian) SF-295 (glioblastoma) and HCT-8 (colon) The biotransformation product 6-gingerdiol showed the highest percentage of inhibition of cell growth: 91,83; 70,90 e 78,56, respectively

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