Los nuevos procedimientos aduaneros en la era de la aceleración y transformación digital. El profesor Percy Quispe nos explica los cambios en este nuevo procedimiento, las ventajas, las desventajas y las oportunidades de mejora para ser una aduana de clase mundial.

Since the beginning of man, there has been great technological development. Both the industrial revolution and now, industry 4, are good examples of this. This has led to a big change both in our everyday lives as well as for companies and their daily operations. The paper is based on a series of analyses on different documents from the internet, organization documents and documents from public authorities. This will then in turn be combined with a literature review and traditional theories regarding the topic. The paper concludes that customers' changing purchasing behavior has created a need for change in the retail mar. The changing purchasing behavior is attributed to the digitalization of society and customers' new expectations of the companies. To remain relevant in the market, organizations today must meet customers and their expectations through digital portals in a way that did not exist before.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The Human Resources (HR) outsourcing market in Peru is growing; however, it is dominated by large companies in this area, which prevents the development of new organizations or small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The latter, in spite of providing the same services, fail to reach the expected sales volume, thus reporting low profitability. This article analyzes the different factors that impede the growth of SMEs through a fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram and the assessment of initial indicators. It also proposes a model that is based on the three pillars of Digital Transformation and the importance of their alignment in its implementation. A pilot model has been conducted for validation in an SME that provides HR outsourcing services. The research results denote an increase in the company’s profitability and capacity.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Revisión por pares

Background: In today's fast-paced and highly competitive marketplace, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) brands must create a strong competitive advantage in one way to achieve this is to understand and cater to the needs, preferences and behaviors of their target consumers.In case of apparel FMCG brands, young women are an important demographic group as they make up a large portion of the consumer market. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the consumer behavior of young women in the apparel FMCG market and to identify the key factors that influence their purchase decisions. Methods: This paper uses a form of deductive reasoning that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods. Primary data were collected in the form of focus group interviews. Qualitative interview data were categorized and analyzed through classification and coding. The study explored online purchasing behavior, including purchase behavior and perceptions of product marketing online, as well as offline purchasing behavior, which addressed the impact of product quality and price on their purchase intentions. Conclusion: The findings show that the format of online shopping and social media marketing content are the most influential factors in young female consumers' purchase decisions, followed by decisions based on the information they receive, which includes product word-of-mouth and brand image. The study further explores the feasibility of digital transformation and category expansion for apparel FMCG brands to reach a broader market. The results of this study could help FMCG brands create a competitive advantage in the marketplace by developing strategies that align with young women's consumer behavior and preferences.

Digital Transformation (DX) has become a pervasive global phenomenon that is having a profound effect at all levels of an enterprise. The umbrella term DX is supported by nascent technologies such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud-based computing and networking. The speed by which these new DX technologies have emerged has challenged current technical infrastructures, budgets, and skillsets as organizations attempt to incorporate and implement these technologies as part of pervasive digital operational initiatives. DX also includes the transformative effects (deployment and adoption) of these technologies, and these are referred to as “outcomes” in this thesis. Not surprisingly, recent studies indicate that at least seventy percent of DX projects either fail or underperform. As firms assess existing technology-to-business alignments in search of attributable causation, they discover that these alignments are often opaque regarding the capabilities required to obtain optimal digital transformation outcomes from the application of specific technologies. This is especially true as underlying technology infrastructures and architectures, which have had a traditionally functional role such as the data network, are increasingly relied upon to support the strategic outcome requirements of DX. This dissertation uses an inductive, multiple case study approach to explore these relationships and outcomes. It directly observes a set of large organizations across multiple verticals. These organizations have all completed pervasive digital transformation initiatives, more specifically, this study measured the resultant levels of digital transformation project outcomes achieved as a fraction of the initial digital transformation project deliverables. Furthermore, the study makes inferences regarding the relationship of the data network deployment posture to the observed digital project outcomes. To study this empirically, data network alignment is classified as either being functionally or strategically aligned. Analysis of the resultant data revealed four distinct themes: (a) organizations that procured data network equipment with pricing as the critical determinant experienced sub-par digital transformation outcomes; (b) organizations which considered key business drivers when procuring and architecting the data network achieved more successful digital transformation outcomes; (c) organizations which did not perform a network upgrade or perform a significant data network architectural change during the previous five years did not meet their own goals of digital transformation, and (d) some DX technology deployments achieved a high percentage of project deliverables without undertaking a data network upgrade. With respect to the fourth theme, however, the resulting low internal adoption of deployed DX technology among targeted operational units resulted in a ‘split-brain’ operation and thus an overall underperformance of the DX project. The final thesis chapter includes recommendations for future qualitative research on both digital transformation outcomes and the effect of managed network services on digital transformation outcomes as well as the need for quantitative research to establish deeper causation beyond the loose causation which is posited in this paper. / Business Administration/Management Information Systems

I takt med den snabbt växande digitaliseringen har de digitala förändringarna lett till att e-handeln växt kraftigt. På sikt har den tagit över alltmer och fler konsumenter väljer idag att handla online. Detta har lett till att fler företag har behövt se över sin affärsmodell och anpassa sig efter digitaliseringen. Som resultat har företag idag börjat införa e-handeln för att möta kundernas ändrade köpbeteende. Syftet med denna studie var att få insikt i hur småföretag verksamma på Gotland har förändrat sin affärsmodell till följd av e-handelns införande samt vilka drivkrafter som låg bakom förändringen. Studien grundas på teorier som illustrerar följande ämne: affärsmodeller, förändring av affärsmodellen och drivkrafterna till detta samt drivkrafter till införandet av e-handeln. Undersökningen utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsdesign med induktiv ansats för att få en djupare förståelse och helhetsbild baserad på de intervjuade respondenternas erfarenheter och upplevelser. Det empiriska materialet bygger på nio småföretagsägare i olika branscher. Materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer vilket gav möjlighet till att jämföra respondenternas syn på studiens fenomen. Intervjufrågorna var tematiserade i fem olika kategorier utformade efter studiens syfte och teori. Resultatet visade att för åtta av företagen var förändringen av affärsmodellen inte så omfattande och butikverksamheten är fortfarande dominerande, vår slutsats är att dessa har gjort en anpassning av affärsmodellen. För en av respondenterna har däremot affärsmodellen förändrats på flera områden bland annat marknadsföring och sortimentet och e-handeln är numera den dominerande delen av verksamheten. Vi drar slutsatsen att företaget har genomfört en innovativ förändring av affärsmodellen De största drivkrafterna till förändringen av affärsmodellen var efterfrågan, omgivningens förväntan och överlevnad. Därav visar studien att hot var den dominerande orsaken till förändring för samtliga företag. / Digitalization has led to companies implementing digital changes such as e-commerce to meet customers changing shopping behavior. The study was conducted to gain insight into how small companies operating on Gotland have changed their business model as a result of the introduction of e-commerce and the driving forces behind the change. The study is based on a qualitative research design with an inductive approach to gain a deeper understanding. The empirical material is collected through interviews with nine small business owners.  The results showed that for eight of the companies, the change in their business model was minimal as the physical store are still dominant. For one of the respondents, however, the business model had changed in several areas. The driving forces for the companies' introduction of e-commerce were based on three categories, which were: threats, strategic orientation and opportunities. Threats were the dominant cause of change for all companies.

<p>  </p> <p>This preliminary investigation examined the skills and abilities necessary for Chief Information Officers (CIOs) in hospitals to effectively promote the use of modern information technologies (IT) in the context of United States healthcare facilities. The research began by conducting a detailed analysis of the most recent trends in hospital information technology, establishing a solid basis. Following this, the researcher surveyed the level of expertise possessed by Chief Information Officers (CIOs) in US hospitals when it comes to leading technology-driven transformations. The research study utilized a mixed methods design, incorporating closed and open-ended questions to gather information on CIOs' competencies and practical expertise. By employing a blend of descriptive and inferential statistical methods and well-established theoretical frameworks, this study revealed insightful results that provide a deeper understanding of the specific skills and abilities CIOs need to incorporate contemporary technologies in hospital environments successfully. The findings have considerable importance in comprehending the essential skills of CIOs in American hospitals, offering crucial suggestions for further investigation in this domain.</p>

Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) are large systems that enable the integration of business processes and allow seamless business process data flow throughout the organization. An EIS implementation is considered a failure if it is being cancelled; if it is removed early with relevant financial and organizational losses; or if the implementation resulted in a system being underutilized due to dissatisfaction, overspend or poor requirements gathering. Despite excessive spending over the years on digital transformation projects of such systems, failure rates have been excessively high. This research explores Super User effectiveness as an integral part of digital transformation processes. Super Users are regular but highly motivated employees who receive additional training in the use of a new or upgraded computer system to be introduced in the workplace, so that they can provide first-line technical support and training to their local colleagues. Super Users are frequently engaged in guiding and supporting users throughout and after EIS implementations or system upgrades. User satisfaction with the training process and Super User support effectiveness tends to contribute to more successful system transition and EIS implementation success. However, the role of Super Users in EIS implementations as a first line of education and support for EIS users has been substantially understudied as a potential way of reducing these failure rates. Although several studies have explored desired Super User characteristics in EIS systems implementation and successful organizational digital transformation processes, there has been a lack of attention to user perceptions of integrative systems as a contributing factor to better system utilization and implementation. This research explores Super User effectiveness as an integral part of digital transformation processes. A Theoretical Model was developed that draws from accepted theories of collaborative technology, technology adoption, and expectation confirmation. A survey was used to gather responses of 321 end users about their perceptions of Super User support and effectiveness, derived from their experience in several organizations that had undergone digital transformation. The study data were analyzed quantitatively, and the model validated through a structured equation model that was developed, based on relevant published models. A further explanatory study was conducted through thematic analysis of written participant responses. Our study found that Super User ability to emphasize the collaborative features of integrative systems by augmenting user perceptions of EIS as a social presence medium can contribute to higher levels of user performance and satisfaction. Immediacy of integrative systems as well as Individual user characteristics were found to play a positive role in user performance and satisfaction improvement. Situational characteristics of resource-facilitating conditions was also found to contribute positively to user performance and satisfaction. This study contributes to existing research on integrative systems characteristics and Super User effectiveness. It emphasizes collaborative components of integrative systems and discusses additional tools and expanded capabilities for systems utilization and user learning. It also expands on our understanding of Super User effectiveness through an exploration of user perceptions of integrative systems as a social presence medium and effective collaboration tool. Practitioners can thereby emphasize to users the resulting augmented capabilities that can contribute to effectiveness of the Super User training and development process. Practitioners should therefore urge organizations to focus on Super User selection and development as effective organizational resources that facilitate user support through organizational changes associated with EIS implementations, thereby contributing to increases in EIS implementation success rates. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This research examines the role of Super Users in Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) implementation as a means to reduce high failure rates in digital transformation projects. Super Users, motivated employees trained to provide technical support and training for colleagues during EIS transitions, play a crucial but underexplored role. The findings highlight the importance of Super Users in emphasizing collaborative aspects of EIS, contributing to improved user performance and satisfaction. This research underscores the significance of Super User selection and development in enhancing EIS implementation success rates.

With the expansion of underpinning technologies, advanced digital technologies and innovations are transforming many aspects of human daily life, such as education, health, and business productivity. Today, the implementation of digital technologies is considered a characteristic of modern societies. However, while society is becoming increasingly dependent on digital technology and e-innovations in business and trade, the need for paying adequate attention to the societal side of this transformation is also becoming prominent. As a generation setting the future orientation of emerging digital innovations, we hold the ethical responsibility to build an inclusive playground for the current and future generations. Such an ethical responsibility urges attending to societal and humanitarian concerns of the current digital transformation into account. As our perception has evolved over the past decades, we perceive societal consideration as a backbone supporting long-term value creation and equitable welfare. Hence, this PhD thesis investigates the associated societal impact of digital technologies.