The purpose of this paper is to standardize and simplify the design work on a few specific types of storage brackets for balconies. The company Balco AB had the wish to simplify the design work in the preparation of attachments to their balcony structures. This would be done by a calculation matrix that could be produced which then in turn could be used for each new project by the company. The design work behind the development of these fittings at each new project is costly both in terms of time devoted by each calculation but also the cost of the time. The purpose of this report is that in a systematic manner, a calculation matrix can be created that then the company instead may follow from each new project. In carrying out the project used HILTI calculation program, which was provided by the company HILTI. Balco AB operates in the current situation with this software when designing work related attachments are made. Determining of the calculation matrix was achieved by 896 different calculations were made on a total of 4 different types of consoles in HILTI computing applications. In the program, we have used varied dimensioning-parameters as shear force, eccentricity, steel grade, bracket height, bracket width, and position of the cantilever in terms of concrete edge. We have when the results would be presented to the company worked with a hierarchal division, with each cantilever has its subfolders where the division is made after the given parameters, in order to get the structure that the company wants to work with.

Sweden is a large country in terms of area with a relatively cold climate. In this area there are almost 3400 churches spread around the country where about 1700 of them are electrically heated, which makes battery storages suitable. The churches are heated depending on demand and opening hours, during the rest of the time, the temperature is kept low. The churches, like most buildings in Sweden, get electricity from the 50 Hz grid. Due to the intermittent heating, power spikes occur in the grid which are both ineffective and expensive for the owners of the buildings. The purpose of this work is to make the church’s heating more efficient with the help of a well-dimensioned battery storage that can assist during heating. This would result in a more stable heating process and also save a lot of money. During the project a dimensioning tool for battery storage was developed and when applied in a case study revealed that the battery storage would become profitable after 12-18 years, this is longer compared to the estimated battery lifetime which in this report was set to be around 10 years.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts med anledning av att Norrvatten har önskemål om att få en rapport om de material som används i deras vattenledningsnät med fokus på typiska skador kopplade till ett specifikt material eller tillverkningsmetod. Det har framkommit indikationer om att kunskapen om rörmaterial och dess egenskaper med tiden har försämrats då den äldre generationens projektörer efterlämnat en kunskapslucka efter sig. Syftet med rapporten är att ge en god överblick av materialen i Norrvattens ledningsnät. Det krävs kunskap om materialen för att analysera sambandet mellan läckningsstatistik och materialets egenskaper. Informationshalten varierar mellan de olika materialen. Detta beror framförallt på materialets uppbyggnad och svårighetshalten att redovisa en klar och rättvis bild över dem. Materialen och dess information är uppdelade i kapitel för att underlätta för läsaren att på ett enkelt sätt förstå sammanhangen. Ett annat viktigt kapitel i denna rapport är beskrivningen över de anläggningsmetoder som valdes att tas med, dels markförlagda ledningar men också två schaktfria metoder vilka är infodring och rörspräckning. I verkligheten finns det många fler utbytesalternativ än dem som tas upp i rapporten, men många metoder är snarlika och dem som redovisas tillhör de vanligaste arbetssätten. Detta kapitel är direkt knutet till dimensioneringsverktyget för utbytesmetoderna med avseende på hållfasthet från jordtryck samt trafiklaster, men också dragspänningar som uppstår i framförallt de schaktfria metoderna. Dimensioneringsverktyget består av ett Excel-dokument där användaren med grundläggande parametrar fyller i dokumentet för att sedan få resultat huruvida den nylagda ledningen klarar de påfrestningar som den utsätts för. Baserat på ledningsanvändning mellan olika material och jämföra mot dess skadestatistik vill vi ge en god slutsats om vilket material som vi anser, generellt sett, är lämpligast att använda sig utav. / This thesis has been conducted in response to a request by Norrvatten for an objective report concerning the materials used in their water supply infrastructure, with a focus on the typical damages linked to specific materials or manufacturing processes. Through interviews with well-informed experts we have received indications that the knowledge regarding the materials used in Norrvatten’s water pipes and said materials’ properties have declined over time, as the older generation of construction planners have left behind a knowledge gap. The purpose of the report is to give a good insight into the materials used in Norrvatten’s water supply infrastructure (specifically the pipes used). We claim that a knowledge of the materials used is necessary to analyze the correlation between leakage statistics and the properties of the materials used in the infrastructure. The level of information available varies between the different materials. This is mainly caused by the structure of the material and the difficulty in depicting a clear and objective picture of it. The materials and their information are divided into separate chapters to make it easier for the reader to understand the picture we are trying to create. Another important chapter in this report is the description of the methods of installation we have chosen to work with; these methods are buried pipelines but also two trenchless methods which are lining and pipe bursting. In reality many more methods that the ones described here exist, but many methods are similar and the ones presented here are those that are most commonly used. This chapter is directly linked to our dimensioning model for pipe replacements concerning strength in regard to earth pressure and traffic load, but also the tensile that occur primarily in the trenchless methods. The dimensionality model is constructed as an Excel document where the user – through utilizing some basic parameters – fills out the document and automatically receives results regarding whether or not the new pipes will withstand the stress it is exposed to. Based on the correlation between damage statistics and the use of different materials in the pipe infrastructure we attempt to provide an accurate picture of which materials we deem to be, generally speaking, the most appropriate to make use of.