The purpose of this study was to examine how the authorities in Sweden collaborate when it comes to discourage trafficking for sexual purposes. More specifically the aim was to find which directives and problems the work of the individual authorities constitute in and how does it affect collaboration with other authorities. The study was based on interviews with six respondents, which have experience working within this field. Three themes were identified: what is collaboration, different perspectives, regulatory frameworks and different fundamental values within the organisations. The study concluded that collaboration is affected by several factors such as the absence of knowledge about trafficking for sexual purposes and the laws which regulate confidentiality, difficulties in defining collaboration as a concept and the authorities different ideas about what have to be done in the context of discouraging trafficking for sexual purposes. The authorities define the problematic aspects with trafficking in similar ways. Differences can be seen when it comes to define trafficking for sexual purposes as such. The analysis was based on two different perspectives: social constructive theory and new institutionalism in organizational analysis.

Fake news har fått ett starkt fäste i sociala medier och är ett växande problem – för individen såväl som för samhället. Grundläggande teorier om beslutsfattande, samarbete, kommunikation och marknader bygger alla på en bärande idé om att information är sann, precis och samvetsgrann. Det finns starka både ideologiska och ekonomiska motiv bakom spridningen av felaktiga fakta, falska berättelser, lögner och konspirationsteorier. Det råder en uttalad oro över effekten på politiska val och den demokratiska utvecklingen, men också farhågor om andra potentiella negativa konsekvenser, från ökande cynism och apati till hetsande extremism. Åtgärder för att minska utbredningen diskuteras, i litteraturen framträder fyra olika huvudformer: statliga interventioner, självpåtagna begränsningar/plattformspolicys, teknologiska lösningar och utbildning i källkritik. Civilsamhällets roll i begränsningen av spridningen är, såvitt kunnat överblickas, tidigare inte studerad. Denna explorativa studie syftar till att öka kännedomen om det svenska civilsamhällets mobilisering mot fake news. De aktörer som identifierats i studien är för civilsamhället karaktäristiska frivilligorganisationer som dels agerat självständigt, dels i samarbete med offentlig sektor och/eller näringslivet. Samtliga aktörer har haft mobiliseringen mot fake news som en biuppgift, det vill säga det har inte varit deras enda eller deras huvuduppgift. I studien har fem huvudstrategier framträtt i mobiliseringen mot fake news: grundläggande utbildning och undervisning, allmänbildande kompetenshöjning, understödjande, skapa debatt och påverkansarbete. Angreppssättet har varit kvalitativ innehållsanalys. / Fake news has gained a strong foothold in social media and is a growing problem - for the individual as well as for the whole society. Basic theories of decision making, cooperation, communication and markets are all based on the idea that information is true, accurate and conscientious. There are strong both ideological and economic motives behind the spread of false facts, false stories, lies and conspiracy theories. There is a deep concern about the effect this may have on political elections and democratic developments, but also concerns about other potential negative consequences, from increasing cynicism and apathy to instigative extremism. Measures to reduce dissemination are discussed and the literature shows four different main forms: government intervention, self-imposed measures/platform policies, technology solutions and source criticism training. The role of civil society in limiting the spread is, as far as it could be established by the author, not studied previously. This exploratory study aims to raise awareness about the Swedish civil society's mobilization against fake news. The actors identified in the study are civil society voluntary organizations who acted independently, or in cooperation with the public sector and/or business sector. All actors have mobilized against fake news as a secondary task, that is, it has not been their sole or their main task. In the study, five main strategies have emerged in the mobilization: basic education and training, general education enhancement, supporting, creating debate and impact work. The methodological approach in this study has been qualitative content analysis.

In English / The purpose of this study was to establish factors affecting the participation of men working in the informal sector economy of South Africa in HIV counselling and testing (HCT) or voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). This includes the exploration of reasons for acceptance and non-acceptance of HIV testing, knowledge and perceptions about HIV testing and behaviours and attitudes towards HIV testing. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and a sample of fifty (50) men was purposively selected. It was found that the reasons for acceptance of HIV testing are satisfactory and reasons for non-acceptance are still a concern, and that several issues such as education about HIV testing and HIV in general still need to be addressed. Most of the respondents had undergone testing for HIV, but there is still a stigma attached to HIV testing. / Sociology / M. A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

In English / The purpose of this study was to establish factors affecting the participation of men working in the informal sector economy of South Africa in HIV counselling and testing (HCT) or voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). This includes the exploration of reasons for acceptance and non-acceptance of HIV testing, knowledge and perceptions about HIV testing and behaviours and attitudes towards HIV testing. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and a sample of fifty (50) men was purposively selected. It was found that the reasons for acceptance of HIV testing are satisfactory and reasons for non-acceptance are still a concern, and that several issues such as education about HIV testing and HIV in general still need to be addressed. Most of the respondents had undergone testing for HIV, but there is still a stigma attached to HIV testing. / Sociology / M. A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)