abstract: In the past decade, research has demonstrated the relationship between higher levels of self-compassion and lower levels of negative psychological outcomes. More recently, the concept of self-compassion has been explored within the context of various health behaviors. Very few studies have investigated the potential relationship between self-compassion and eating behaviors. Based on literature and the established relationship between negative self-evaluation and abnormal eating behaviors/eating disorders, the current study sought to examine correlations between self-compassion, eating behaviors, and stress in first time college freshmen. The study population consisted of 1478 participants; ages 18-22 years; females = 936 (63%), males = 541 (37%). Participants self-reported measures of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the Self Compassion Scale (SCS). PSS score, the overall score and individual subscale scores of SCS, and the three subscale scores of the TFEQ (restraint, disinhibiton, hunger) were examined with Pearson correlations. Results of this study indicate significant (p = < .05) differences between males and females in PSS and all three negative SCS subscales. There was a strong and consistent correlation between the eating behavior of disinhibition and all three negative constructs of self-compassion (self-judgment, r = .29; isolation, r = .23; over-identification, r = .28) in females. The eating behavior of restraint was similarly correlated with SCS self-judgment in females (r = .26). More research is needed to understand differences in stress, self-compassion, and eating behaviors between males and females and to better comprehend the weak associations between eating behaviors and the positive psychological constructs of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) for males and females. Additionally, future research should focus on the three subscales of disinhibition as they relate to the negative constructs of self-compassion. The preliminary results of this study suggest it would be beneficial, particularly to female college freshmen, to more fully understand the dynamics of the relationship between eating behaviors and self-compassion; this knowledge may help to better structure appropriate coping strategies for the prevention of disordered eating behaviors. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Exercise and Wellness 2013

The thesis deals with the phenomenon of new media and its influence on the society. The work especially applies itself to the impact of new media on human conduct and human knowledge. The first part (Chapters: introduction and theoretical bases) of the thesis introduces the dilemma of new media and the society; it deals with a theoretical media frame, communication, knowledge and some selected implications of informatization. The third chapter (Media evolution) tries to map media evolution from the emergence of language until contemporary electronic media with regard to consumer's limitations, society and media itself. The fourth chapter (Impact of new media on human knowledge and human conduct) deals with, from two perspectives, some current topics as the media influence on society. The first view delivers an insight on the relationship of new media and knowledge. It refers to information abundance to the detriment of information quality, the tendency of access acceleration to information and working with information. This chapter in particular cases shows how information can become an effective tool for manipulation of power, political and economic interests. It also indicates risks of wrong human decision making due to misinformation. The second view suggests changes in human behaviour in cyberspace; it indicates what are signs of confluence of "front stage" and "back stage" behaviour. The fifth chapter (Empirical research), with respect to previous parts of this work, defines hypothesis of the new media influence on the knowledge and human conduct; it attempts to prove their validation in this research. The sixth chapter (How to use new media) suggests a way which should be followed by the society providing that education of an individual who stands up to the information and media society shall be the aim of the society. The last chapter (Conclusion) summarizes the basic ideas, provides for possible solutions and outlines a trend which should be, in relation to new media, followed by the society.

Meanness and Disinhibition are two components of psychopathic personality, conceptualized by the Triarchic Psychopathic Model (Tri-PM). Psychopathic personality traits are related to criminal behavior. There is however, little research on how meanness and disinhibition relate to violent crime and non-violent crime. Data were drawn from a sample of college students and prison inmates (N = 1,787 mean age = 26.8 years). Meanness, disinhibition, violent crime and non-violent crime was measured using the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory ([ESI] Krueger et al., 2007). The results indicated that meanness and disinhibition explained 61% of the variance in violent crime and 77% of the variance in non-violent crime. Disinhibition had a stronger relation to both violent crime and non-violent crime. There was also a small, but significant interaction effect of meanness and disinhibition on violent crime and non-violent crime. The results support the theoretical outlines of the Tri-PM. Implications from these findings are that the ESI and the Tri-PM can be used risk assessment tools and in work related to crime prevention. Future research should in addition to meanness and disinhibition also include boldness from the Tri-PM and more severe violent types of crime in order to examine how these traits relate to intentions of violent- and non-violent crime. / Meanness och disinhibition ar tva komponenter av psykopatisk personlighet, konceptualiserad utifran The Triarchic Psychopahtic Model (The Tri-PM). Psykopatisk personlighet ar relaterat till brottsliga beteenden. Det finns dock lite forskning pa hur meanness och disinhibition relaterar till våldsbrott och ickevåldsbrott. Data drogs fran ett urval av universitetsstudenter och intagna i fangelse (N = 1 787 medelalder = 26,8 ar). Meanness, disinhibition, våldsbrott och ickevåldsbrott mattes med The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory ([ESI] Krueger et al., 2007). Variablerna analyserades med linjara multipla regressionsanalyser. Resultatet indikerade att meanness och disinhibition forklarade 61% av variansen av våldsbrott och 77% av variansen av icke-våldsbrott. Disinhibition hade en starkare relation till bade våldsbrott och icke-våldsbrott. Det fanns aven en liten, men signifikant interaktionseffekt for våldsbrott och ickevåldsbrott. Resultatet stodjer den teoretiska utgangspunkten fran Tri-PM. Implikationer fran dessa fynd ar att ESI och Tri-PM kan anvandas som riskbedomningsverktyg och brottsforebyggande syfte. Framtida forskning bor tillsammans med meanness och disinhibition aven inkludera boldness fran Tri-PM och mer grova typer av valdsamma brott for att undersoka hur dessa drag relaterar till olika avsikter for brott.

Denna text diskuterar antagonistisk graffiti i Pompeji ur ett rumsligt perspektiv för att analysera spridningen av graffiti. Texten ämnar även att undersöka ifall det är vanligare att skriva förolämpande graffiti på specifika platser i staden. Ytterligare ett mål med uppsatsen är att undersöka ifall modern teoribildning kan bidra till en bättre förståelse av graffitins spridning genom disinhibitionsteorin. Antik graffiti jämförs med moderna beteenden online och kring graffiti. Graffitin verkar skrivas på platser där den är synlig av andra människor och den är vanlig på både privata och offentliga byggnader. Disinhibition kan vara en möjlig förklaringsmodell angående förolämpande graffiti orsakad av exempelvis anonymitet. / This text discusses antagonistic graffiti in Pompeii from a spatial perspective to analyse the spread of graffiti. The text also aims to study whether it is more common to write offensive graffiti in certain areas of the city. Another goal with this thesis is to study whether modern sociological theory can help understand the spread of graffiti through the disinhibition theory. Ancient graffiti is compared to modern behaviours online and around graffiti. Graffiti seems to be written in places where it could be seen by other people, and it is common on both private and public buildings. Disinhibition could be a possible explanatory model when discussing offensive graffiti caused by, for example, anonymity.

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yes / An increase in obesity is usually accompanied by an increase in eating disturbances. Susceptibility to these states may arise from different combinations of underlying traits: Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Restraint and Disinhibition. Two studies were conducted to examine the interaction between these traits; one on-line study (n=351) and one laboratory-based study (n=120). Participants completed a battery of questionnaires and provided self-report measures of body weight and physical activity. A combination of high Disinhibition and high Restraint was associated with a problematic eating behaviour profile (EAT-26), and a higher rate of smoking and alcohol consumption. A combination of high Disinhibition and low Restraint was associated with a higher susceptibility to weight gain and a higher sedentary behaviour. These data show that different combinations of Disinhibition and Restraint are associated with distinct weight and behaviour outcomes.

Extensive computer use is creating a society where its citizens are communicating outside the norm of real life. These diversions from real life communication behavior have been named the Online Disinhibition Effect (ODE). The effect is a psychological model that is structured with different types of elements which can be triggered by different communication mediums. There are two sides of the effect; a benign, where compassion and a reveal of emotions are more likely, and a toxic, where anger, frustration and threats are in focus. In the online video game industry, ODE is active, but as the medium is different than regular internet use the effects are different as well. This paper looks at how online video games are affected by ODE. By using the most current disinhibition model made by Suler and looking at modern cyberpsychology in online games, this paper found eight features that have the possibility to decrease disinhibition amongst users. This paper concludes with a warning that games are becoming more immersive and without the proper authority features, games will increase their disinhibition effect amongst its users.

Background: The human Aldoketoreductase 1B10 gene (AKR1B10) encodes one of the enzymes belonging to the family of aldoketoreductases and may be involved in detoxification of nutrients during digestion. Further, AKR1B10 mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) expression was diminished in brain regions potentially involved in the regulation of eating behavior in rats which are more sensitive to cocaine and alcohol. We hypothesized that the human AKR1B10 gene may also play a role in the regulation of human eating behavior.

The present study was a retrospective chart review (N=128) that investigated the efficacy of profiles derived from the three factors of the Eating Inventory® test (EI) - cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger - to predict successful weight loss in post surgical laparoscopic banding patients at 6 and 9 months post surgery. Although the EI is commonly used in bariatric presurgical assessment, few studies have found consistent relationships between presurgical factor scores and subsequent weight loss in this population. Based on restraint theory, 7 profiles (high CR, super high CR, high D, super high D, high H, super high H, and null) were derived from the raw scores on the subscales of the EI and tested for weight loss predictive ability using direct logistic regression. Results were mixed with high CR, super high CR, and null profiles accurately predicting successful weight loss. Raw scores on the three factors (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger) were tested individually for predictive ability using direct logistic regression. Overall results indicated that the profile model accurately predicted more cases than the general factor model. This study significantly contributes to both the bariatric presurgical assessment literature and the restraint theory literature. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Studien handlar om högstadiekurators subjektiva uppfattning när det kommer till ansvarsfördelning, utvecklingen av nätmobbning samt eventuella könsskillnader kopplat till nätmobbning. Studien har en ansats i tematisk analys och den utgjordes av temana utveckling, ansvar och könskillnader. Det blev även tydligt att högstadiekuratorerna oberoende av kön, ålder och erfarenhet hade likande uppfattning om fenomenet nätmobbning. Teorierna som används i denna studie är The online disinhibition effect och Social konstruktionism kopplat till genus och identitet. / Nej