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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

L'hallucinatoire de déplaisir et sa perception : une approche psychanalytique et neuroscientifique / The displeasure hallucinatory and its perception : a psychoanalytic and neuroscientific perspective

Poenaru, Liviu 07 July 2014 (has links)
Ce travail de doctorat se penche sur le processus hallucinatoire, encore mal défini dans le domaine de la psychanalyse, et sa relation au perceptif ; il s’agit du déroulement de ce processus chez l’individu normal et pathologique. En l’absence d’explications suffisantes du domaine psychanalytique, j'ai décidé de m'intéresser à deux champs indissociables de l’hallucinatoire et des représentants pulsionnels (la mémoire et les émotions/affects) tels que les scientifiques les décrivent, travaux qui confirment dans leur ensemble la thèse psychanalytique d’une activation à l’interne de l’effectuation à partir du moment où une représentation est investie et excitée ; tout cela implique, à mon sens, une réalisation hallucinatoire au-dedans qui accompagne le déroulement du processus pulsionnel. A partir de ce présupposé qui relie la trace mnésique au désir et à la réalisation hallucinatoire induite par la réactivation du besoin qui n’a d’autre référence que l’inscription présente dans la mémoire, je me suis interrogé sur le processus hallucinatoire de déplaisir, qui ne s’appuie pas sur une trace de plaisir et qui ne réactive pas tout au long du processus la dimension plaisante de sa réalisation. Il m’est apparu que le sujet, en l’absence de traces de plaisir, bute sur un hallucinatoire de déplaisir sans fin qui provoque la compulsion de répétition et la fixation sur l’objet en réclamant la part de plaisir qu’il refuse et jouant des retournements passif-actif visant la destruction de l’objet et de sa propre pulsion au-delà du principe de plaisir et de ses représentations qui autorisent la liaison. Ces réflexions m’ont amené à étudier de plus près le statut de l’objet et de travailler autour de l’hypothèse d’un objet-limite qui échoue à livrer le plaisir, à la limite du dedans et du dehors, comme à la limite de la vie et du plaisir. / This doctoral thesis focuses on the hallucinatory process, which up to this day is still poorly defined by the psychoanalysis field, and its relation to perception. This study deals with the hallucinatory processing in normal and pathological individuals. In lack of an adequate psychoanalytic explanation, I decided to concentrate my study into considering two other notions close to the hallucinatory and the drive representatives ; these notions are memory and emotions/affects as described by scientists. Scientific works seem to confirm the psychoanalytic theory of an internal activation (effectuation) processing, as long as a representative is invested and excited. This implies, in my opinion, the existence of an internal hallucinatory fulfillment that accompanies the course of instinctual process. From this assumption, which connects the mnemic trace to the desire and to the hallucinatory fulfillment, induced by the reactivation of need, which has no other reference but the mnemic inscriptions, I began questioning the displeasure hallucinatory process which is not based on a trace of pleasure, so therefore does not activate this dimension and its realization during the process. It occurred to me that the subject, in the absence of pleasant traces, stumbles on an unending displeasure hallucinatory process, causing endless repetitive compulsion and fixation on the object, requesting the refused pleasure. At the same time, this process leads to multiple passive-active reversals, aiming the object’s destruction as well as its own drive, beyond the pleasure principle and its representations which allow internal connection. These findings led me to study more closely the object’s status, and to work around the assumption of a limit-object that fails to deliver pleasure, situated on the inside-outside border, as well as on the limit of life and pleasure.
2

Estressores no trabalho das enfermeiras em centro cirúrgico: conseqüências profissionais e pessoais / Stressors in surgical nursing work: professional and personal consequences

Aquino, Jael Maria de 31 October 2005 (has links)
O estresse tem sido um tema bastante discutido, nos últimos anos, pela comunidade científica. Vários estudos têm apresentado o estresse como causador de doenças, sendo considerado o “mal do século". O centro cirúrgico é um dos ambientes mais complexos do hospital, pois concentra os recursos humanos e materiais necessários ao ato cirúrgico e, freqüentemente, as suas atividades são desenvolvidas em um clima de tensão, pela existência de procedimentos estressantes geradores de ansiedade, quer pela gravidade dos pacientes, quer pela complexidade dos atos anestésico e cirúrgico. Nesta pesquisa, estabelecemos os seguintes objetivos: identificar o estresse das enfermeiras de centro cirúrgico; identificar os estressores do ambiente de trabalho dessas enfermeiras; relacionar o estresse das enfermeiras de centro cirúrgico com o prazer e o sofrimento no trabalho. A amostra foi constituída por 30 enfermeiras que trabalham em sete unidades de centro cirúrgico de hospitais da cidade de Recife-PE, destes dois são hospitais universitários. Os dados foram coletados através do Inventário de Estresse para Enfermeiro e de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com roteiro. Investigaram-se o estresse e os estressores presentes no cotidiano de trabalho da enfermeira e sua freqüência. Os resultados deste estudo tiveram por base a amostra de 30 enfermeiras do sexo feminino, com 60% casada sendo que para 66,7% escolheram a enfermagem como primeira opção no concurso vestibular. Foram identificados os seguintes fatores como causadores de estresse: alta de material necessário ao trabalho é um fator estressor para 29 (93,7%), falta de recursos humanos, este foi considerado um fator estressor para 23 (73,3%), trabalhar em instalações físicas inadequadas 22 (73,3 %), trabalhar com pessoas despreparadas 17 (56,7%), prestar assistência a pacientes graves este foi considerado um fator para 14 (46,6%), sentir desgaste, emocional com o trabalho é considerado um fator estressor para 21 (70,0%), administrar ou supervisar o trabalho de outras pessoas é um fator estressante para 18 (60%). Além disso, foram identificados sentimentos em relação ao trabalho, especialmente as comunicações e a maneira como as informações circulam na sua organização. Esses mostram como as enfermeiras, participantes dessa pesquisa, apresentam um grau significativo de insatisfação no processo de comunicação. Também evidenciou-se insatisfação com relação ao salário e a sua experiência profissional. A estrutura da organização para as participantes desta pesquisa apresentou-se com muita insatisfação. Da análise do conteúdo expresso pelas enfermeiras, obtiveram-se 4 categorias temáticas: sofrimento no trabalho da enfermeira de centro cirúrgico; prazer no trabalho da enfermeira de centro cirúrgico, relacionamento da enfermeira de centro cirúrgico com o paciente, a equipe médica e a equipe de enfermagem; estratégias de enfrentamento usadas pelas enfermeiras de centro cirúrgico. Conclui-se que o ambiente de trabalho do centro cirúrgico é estressante em vários aspectos o que afeta o desempenho profissional e pessoal das enfermeiras. / In recent years, stress has been a subject of frequent discussions in the scientific community. Various studies have presented stress as a cause of disease, which is considered as the “problem of the century". The surgical center is one of the most complex environments in hospital, as it concentrates the human and material resources needed for the surgical act. Its activities are frequently surrounded by a climate of tension, produced by the existence of anxiety-creating stressing procedures, whether due to the gravity of patients’ conditions or the complexity of anesthetic and surgical activities. This research aims to: identify stress among nurses working at the surgical center; identify stressors in these nurses’ work environment; relate these surgical nurses’ stress with pleasure and suffering at work. The sample consisted of 30 nurses who work at 7 surgical centers in hospitals located in Recife-PE, Brazil. Two of these are university hospitals. Data were collected through the Nurses’ Stress Inventory and a semistructured interview guided by a script, examining stress and stressors in these nurses’ daily work and their frequency. Study results are based on a sample of 30 female nurses, 60% of whom are married and 66.7% chose nursing as the first option on their college entry exam. The following causes of stress were identified: lack of material needed for work is a stressor for 29 professionals (93.7%), lack of human resources for 23 (73.3%), working in inadequate physical installations for 22 (73.3 %), working with unprepared persons 17 (56.7%), delivering care to serious patients for 14 (46.6%), feeling emotional exhaustion due to work for 21 (70.0%) and managing or supervising other persons’ work for 18 (60%). Moreover, work-related feelings were identified, especially related to communication and how information flows in their organization. These show a significant degree of dissatisfaction about the communication process among the participants. They also demonstrated dissatisfaction in terms of salary and professional experience. The participants were very dissatisfied with organizational structure. Four thematic categories resulted from the analysis of contents expressed by the nurses: suffering in surgical nursing work; pleasure in surgical nursing work, relation between surgical nurses and patients, the medical team and the nursing team; coping strategies used by surgical nurses. The work environment at the surgical center is stressing in different respects, which affects the nurses’ professional and personal performance.
3

Estressores no trabalho das enfermeiras em centro cirúrgico: conseqüências profissionais e pessoais / Stressors in surgical nursing work: professional and personal consequences

Jael Maria de Aquino 31 October 2005 (has links)
O estresse tem sido um tema bastante discutido, nos últimos anos, pela comunidade científica. Vários estudos têm apresentado o estresse como causador de doenças, sendo considerado o “mal do século”. O centro cirúrgico é um dos ambientes mais complexos do hospital, pois concentra os recursos humanos e materiais necessários ao ato cirúrgico e, freqüentemente, as suas atividades são desenvolvidas em um clima de tensão, pela existência de procedimentos estressantes geradores de ansiedade, quer pela gravidade dos pacientes, quer pela complexidade dos atos anestésico e cirúrgico. Nesta pesquisa, estabelecemos os seguintes objetivos: identificar o estresse das enfermeiras de centro cirúrgico; identificar os estressores do ambiente de trabalho dessas enfermeiras; relacionar o estresse das enfermeiras de centro cirúrgico com o prazer e o sofrimento no trabalho. A amostra foi constituída por 30 enfermeiras que trabalham em sete unidades de centro cirúrgico de hospitais da cidade de Recife-PE, destes dois são hospitais universitários. Os dados foram coletados através do Inventário de Estresse para Enfermeiro e de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com roteiro. Investigaram-se o estresse e os estressores presentes no cotidiano de trabalho da enfermeira e sua freqüência. Os resultados deste estudo tiveram por base a amostra de 30 enfermeiras do sexo feminino, com 60% casada sendo que para 66,7% escolheram a enfermagem como primeira opção no concurso vestibular. Foram identificados os seguintes fatores como causadores de estresse: alta de material necessário ao trabalho é um fator estressor para 29 (93,7%), falta de recursos humanos, este foi considerado um fator estressor para 23 (73,3%), trabalhar em instalações físicas inadequadas 22 (73,3 %), trabalhar com pessoas despreparadas 17 (56,7%), prestar assistência a pacientes graves este foi considerado um fator para 14 (46,6%), sentir desgaste, emocional com o trabalho é considerado um fator estressor para 21 (70,0%), administrar ou supervisar o trabalho de outras pessoas é um fator estressante para 18 (60%). Além disso, foram identificados sentimentos em relação ao trabalho, especialmente as comunicações e a maneira como as informações circulam na sua organização. Esses mostram como as enfermeiras, participantes dessa pesquisa, apresentam um grau significativo de insatisfação no processo de comunicação. Também evidenciou-se insatisfação com relação ao salário e a sua experiência profissional. A estrutura da organização para as participantes desta pesquisa apresentou-se com muita insatisfação. Da análise do conteúdo expresso pelas enfermeiras, obtiveram-se 4 categorias temáticas: sofrimento no trabalho da enfermeira de centro cirúrgico; prazer no trabalho da enfermeira de centro cirúrgico, relacionamento da enfermeira de centro cirúrgico com o paciente, a equipe médica e a equipe de enfermagem; estratégias de enfrentamento usadas pelas enfermeiras de centro cirúrgico. Conclui-se que o ambiente de trabalho do centro cirúrgico é estressante em vários aspectos o que afeta o desempenho profissional e pessoal das enfermeiras. / In recent years, stress has been a subject of frequent discussions in the scientific community. Various studies have presented stress as a cause of disease, which is considered as the “problem of the century”. The surgical center is one of the most complex environments in hospital, as it concentrates the human and material resources needed for the surgical act. Its activities are frequently surrounded by a climate of tension, produced by the existence of anxiety-creating stressing procedures, whether due to the gravity of patients’ conditions or the complexity of anesthetic and surgical activities. This research aims to: identify stress among nurses working at the surgical center; identify stressors in these nurses’ work environment; relate these surgical nurses’ stress with pleasure and suffering at work. The sample consisted of 30 nurses who work at 7 surgical centers in hospitals located in Recife-PE, Brazil. Two of these are university hospitals. Data were collected through the Nurses’ Stress Inventory and a semistructured interview guided by a script, examining stress and stressors in these nurses’ daily work and their frequency. Study results are based on a sample of 30 female nurses, 60% of whom are married and 66.7% chose nursing as the first option on their college entry exam. The following causes of stress were identified: lack of material needed for work is a stressor for 29 professionals (93.7%), lack of human resources for 23 (73.3%), working in inadequate physical installations for 22 (73.3 %), working with unprepared persons 17 (56.7%), delivering care to serious patients for 14 (46.6%), feeling emotional exhaustion due to work for 21 (70.0%) and managing or supervising other persons’ work for 18 (60%). Moreover, work-related feelings were identified, especially related to communication and how information flows in their organization. These show a significant degree of dissatisfaction about the communication process among the participants. They also demonstrated dissatisfaction in terms of salary and professional experience. The participants were very dissatisfied with organizational structure. Four thematic categories resulted from the analysis of contents expressed by the nurses: suffering in surgical nursing work; pleasure in surgical nursing work, relation between surgical nurses and patients, the medical team and the nursing team; coping strategies used by surgical nurses. The work environment at the surgical center is stressing in different respects, which affects the nurses’ professional and personal performance.
4

Mellan lust och olust : Kvinnor som har sex med män och deras erfarenheter av sexuella möten / Between Pleasure and Displeasure : Women who have Sex with Men and their Experience of Sexual Encounters

Hägglund, Sandra January 2023 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie var att få en djupare förståelse för hur vuxna kvinnor som har sex med män navigerar i spänningsfältet mellan njutning och obehag i sina sexuella möten. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats med inspiration från fenomenologin. Studien består av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med ett livsvärldsperspektiv. Fokus har legat på intervjupersonernas beskrivna upplevelser och tolkningar av sexuella möten som sedan analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Tidigare forskning visar att kulturella, kontextuella och relationella faktorer spelar roll för kvinnors sexuella upplevelser, vilket även visade sig i denna studie. Resultatet mynnande ut i två övergripande teman: trygga relationella kontexter och otrygga relationella kontexter med tillhörande underrubriker. Teoretiska verktyg som använts för att begripliggöra intervjupersonernas upplevelser är Scriptteorin, Simone De Beauvoirs förståelse av bland annat begreppen Transcendensen och Immanensen samt betydelsen av Jean-Paul Sartres begrepp Blicken, utvecklad av Stack och Plant (1982). Kvinnors sociala roll som Beauvoir (2002) beskriver som det andra könet visade sig ha stor påverkan på intervjupersonerna sexuella upplevelser och vilket handlingsutrymme de upplevde sig ha i sexuella möten med män. Den underordning som kommer med den kvinnliga sociala rollen har i otrygga sexuella kontexter bidragit till en känsla av att bli objektifierad. Upplevelser av att inte känna sig viktig eller sedd har påverkat de sexuella mötena negativt. Att bli betraktad som ett subjekt skapar i stället positiva upplevelser där tryggheten detta innebär öppnar upp för utforskande och lekfullhet. Studien visar också på en utbredd tystnad kring kvinnlig sexuell njutning vilket några av intervjupersonerna beskriver som problematiskt. Män tycks utifrån sin överordnande roll ha ett stort inflytande över hur sexuella möten gestaltar sig. Mer kunskap kring mäns sexuella livsvärld och deras syn på ömsesidighet och ansvar känns angeläget, därav vikten av att forska vidare på ämnet. / The aim of this study was to get a deeper understanding of women’s experience of pleasure and displeasure when having sex with men. This study was conducted with a qualitative method with inspiration from a phenomenological approach. The study consists of eight semi-structured interviews with a lifeworld perspective. The focus has been on the participants described experiences and interpretations of sexual encounters, which has been analysed with a thematic analysis. Previous research shows that cultural, contextual, and relational factors matter för women’s sexual experiences, which also has been shown in this study. The result culminated in two overall themes: Safe relational contexts and unsafe relational contexts, with respectively sub-heading for more specific contexts. The theoretical tools that have been used to analyse the participants descriptions are Scripting Theory, Simone De Beauvoir’s understanding of Transcendence and Immanence among other concepts and Jean-Paul Sartre’s concept of the Look, progressed by Stack and Plant (1982). In summery the interviews showed that Women’s social role as Beauvoir (2002) describes as the second sex turns out to have a major impact on the participants sexual experiences and the room of action that they sense they have in sexual encounters with men. The subordination that comes with the social role as a woman in unsafe relational contexts contributed to experiences of feeling objectified, not seen or not important which was negative for the sexual experience. To be regarded as a subject is portrayed as something positive where safety opens for exploration and playfulness. The study shows that there is an extensive silence around female sexual pleasure which some of the participants described as problematic. Men has a significant impact on how sexual encounters unfolds due to the superior social role. More knowledge on men’s sexual lifeworld’s and their view on reciprocity and feelings of responsibility is therefore important research going forward.

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