L’existence d’un sous-type dissociatif de schizophrénie a été suggérée par plusieurs auteurs pour rendre compte des présentations symptomatologiques d’un groupe de personnes dont le diagnostic principal est dans le spectre de la schizophrénie mais qui présentent aussi des symptômes dissociatifs (Ross, 2004; Şar et al., 2010; Van der Hart, Witztum, & Friedman, 1993). D’origine traumatique, ce type de portrait clinique où symptômes psychotiques et dissociatifs s’entremêlent aurait été décrit il y a déjà plus d’un siècle (Janet & Raymond, 1898) mais serait disparu dans les années ’30, assimilé au concept de « schizophrénie » (Rosenbaum, 1980). C’est dans un nouveau contexte nosographique que le concept de schizophrénie dissociative refait surface. En effet, la nosographie psychiatrique a pris un tournant en 1980 lorsque l’approche préconisée par le DSM est devenue descriptive plutôt que basée sur des conceptualisations psychanalytiques. Du coup, les affections d’alors ont été divisées en troubles dont les symptômes ont tendance à se manifester ensemble (Cooper, 2004) et la comorbidité entre les troubles a augmenté. Étant donné la comorbidité fréquemment rapportée entre les troubles psychotiques et dissociatifs, la similarité phénoménologique de leurs symptômes, ainsi que leur possible étiologie traumatique, Ross (2004) a proposé une série de critères permettant de diagnostiquer une schizophrénie dissociative. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est donc d’établir si la schizophrénie dissociative, telle que définie par Ross (2004), existe. Le premier article porte sur la problématique et le contexte théorique ayant mené à la question de recherche. Il vise à faire un survol des enjeux entourant la question de la schizophrénie dissociative et rend compte des écrits scientifiques sur la symptomatologie similaire entre les troubles psychotiques et dissociatifs, sur leur étiologie traumatique et sur les études sur la dissociation et la schizophrénie. Le deuxième article est quant à lui un article empirique rendant compte de la méthodologie utilisée pour répondre à la question de recherche. En effet, aucune étude jusqu’ici n’a testé systématiquement les critères de la schizophrénie dissociative. Nos résultats démontrent que 24% de notre échantillon (N=50) pourrait recevoir le diagnostic de schizophrénie dissociative avec les critères proposés par Ross (2004). Toutefois, ces critères posant problème, une modification a été proposée et une prévalence de 14% a alors été trouvée. Des vignettes cliniques sont présentées afin de comparer nos participants avec ceux rapportés ailleurs. Les liens entre symptômes psychotiques et dissociatifs sont discutés en essayant de conceptualiser la schizophrénie dissociative de différentes manières, soit comme une nouvelle entité clinique, comme un trouble comorbide ou dans un contexte nosographique psychodynamique. / The existence of a dissociative subtype of schizophrenia has been suggested by several authors to account for the symptomatology of a group of people whose primary diagnosis is in the schizophrenia spectrum but have in addition dissociative symptoms (Ross, 2004; Sar et al, 2010; Van der Hart, Witztum, & Friedman, 1993). Of traumatic origin, this type of clinical picture where psychotic and dissociative symptoms are intertwined was first described more than a century ago (Janet & Raymond, 1898) but disappeared in the 30’s, having been incorporated to the concept of "schizophrenia" (Rosenbaum, 1980). It is in a new nosographic context that the concept of dissociative schizophrenia resurfaced. Indeed, psychiatric nosography took a turn in 1980 when the approach advocated by the DSM became descriptive rather than based on psychoanalytic conceptualizations. The psychiatric conditions of the time were divided into disorders whose symptoms tended to occur together (Cooper, 2004). Consequently, the presence of comorbid disorders increased. Given the frequently reported co-occurrence of psychotic and dissociative disorders, the phenomenological similarity of their symptoms and their potential traumatic etiology, Ross (2004) proposed a criteria set for the diagnosis of dissociative schizophrenia. The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether the dissociative schizophrenia, as defined by Ross (2004), exists. The first article focuses on the problem and the theoretical background that led to the research question. It aims at providing an overview of the issues surrounding the question of dissociative schizophrenia. It also reports on the literature pertaining to symptoms found in both psychotic and dissociative disorders, their traumatic etiology and studies on dissociation and schizophrenia. The second article is of empirical nature and reports the methodology used to answer the research question. Indeed, no study to date has systematically tested the criteria for dissociative schizophrenia. Our results show that 24 % of our sample (N = 50) could receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia with dissociative criteria proposed by Ross (2004). However, the criteria set was problematic so a modification was proposed and a prevalence of 14% was then found. Clinical vignettes are presented to compare our participants with those reported elsewhere. The links between psychotic and dissociative symptoms are discussed in trying to conceptualize dissociative schizophrenia in different ways, either as a new clinical entity, as a comorbid disorder or in a psychodynamic nosographic context.

A two-dimensional model of the resonant electron-molecule collision processes with one nuclear and one electronic degree of freedom introduced by Houfek, Rescigno and McCurdy [Phys. Rev. A 73, 032721 (2006)] and a similar two- dimensional model of the dissociative recombination with potential proposed by Hamilton [Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado, (2003)] are formulated within the time-dependent framework and solved numerically using the finite-element method with the discrete variable representation basis, the exterior complex scaling method and the generalized Crank-Nicolson method. On the model of electron-molecule collisions we illustrate how the time-dependent calculations can provide a deep insight into the origin of oscillatory structures in the vibrational excitation cross sections if one evaluates the cross sections not only at sufficiently large time to obtain the final cross sections, but rather at several characteristic times which are given by the evolution of the system. With use of the time- dependent calculations we demonstrate the complex nature of the dissociative recombination model dynamics and we propose the interpretation of the recom- bination process mechanism. We also propose few techniques for the explanation of the sharp structures in the dissociative recombination cross sections...

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Master of Arts / Department of Communications Studies / Sarah E. Riforgiate / At 47 years old, Lori is a high-functioning businesswoman, matriarch, and contributing member of society. Lori is also diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). From age 3, Lori was violently raped and assaulted by several perpetrators, yet views her multiple personalities as strength, as survival mechanisms, and wants to share her story to help prevent child sexual abuse. Utilizing methods drawn from communication studies, ethnodrama, and autoethnography, this study aims to tell a person’s story in her own words and in a format that can easily be shared with both academic and non-academic audiences. Lori’s story is woven together as an ethnodramatic play that includes original interview transcripts along with an autoethnographic monologue describing the experience of writing someone’s truth when it challenges the hegemonic views of society, and instead embraces the feminist ideals of equality and deconstruction of power. Academic research needs to reach further than academic journals to make a true impact. Through the non-conventional venues of autoethnography and ethnodrama, we can breathe life into our research and provide accessibility to innovative information for those who may need it most.

Cette thèse consacrée à l'étude de collisions réactives dans les gaz d'intérêt énergétique a porté sur deux aspects. D'une part, la théorie du défaut quantique multi-voies (Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory : MQDT) [Giusti 1980, Nakashima 1987]a été utilisée pour étudier la recombinaison dissociative (RD), l'excitation vibrationnelle (EV) et la désexcitation vibrationnelle (dEV) de l'ion BeH+ et ses isotopomères dans leurs quatre plus bas niveaux vibrationnels initiaux (X1Σ+,v i+ =0,1,2,3). Les données moléculaires récemment calculées par nos collaborateurs [Roos 2009] ont été utilisées pour calculer les sections efficaces et taux de RD, EV et dEV en considérant les états des trois symétries moléculaires de BeH (2Π, 2Σ+ et 2∆ ). La dépendance vibrationnelle et l'effet isotopique sur les taux de processus collisionnels compétitifs ont été mis en évidence (Fig. V. 7). Une comparaison avec les résultats théoriques de Roos et al. 2009 obtenus à l'aide de la méthode des paquets d'ondes (Wave packets : WP) est effectuée. De cette comparaison, il ressort qu'il y a un bon accord entre les deux méthodes aux énergies intermédiaires. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse est en partie une extension de travail précédent de [Ross 2009]. L'approcheMQDT, capable de traiter complètement les capture temporaires d'électrons dans les éttats de Rydberg liés, ainsi que le couplage vibronique entre les voies d'ionisation, permet d'obtenir les premiers résultats (fiables) à basses énergies [Niyonzima 2013]. Ces taux de processus collisionnels sont utiles dans la modélisation du plasma de bord des machines à fusion [Celiberto 2012]. D'autres parts, nous avons fourni une formulation analytique approximative des sections efficaces de RD, EV, et dEV, utile pour la prédiction et l'interprétation des résultats du calcul numérique. Elle nous permet de comprendre les différentes interactions intramoléculaires et la sensibilité des taux de réaction par rapport aux interactions dominantes. / This thesis devoted to the study of reactive collisions in gases of energetic interest concerns two aspects. Firstly, a Multichannel-Quantum-Defect-Theory-type approach [Giusti 1980, Nakashima 1987] is used in the treatment of the dissociative recombination (DR), vibrational excitation (VE), and vibrational de-excitation (VdE) of BeH+ in their four lowest vibrational states (X1Σ+,v i+ =0,1,2,3). The molecular structure data previously computed [Roos 2009] have been employed in the calculations of cross sections and rate coefficients of DR, VE and VdE including three electronic symmetries of BeH (2Π, 2Σ+ et 2∆ ). The vibrational dependence [Niyonzima 2013] and the isotopic effects in these collisional processes are highlighted – Figure (V.7) – in order to be used in the modeling of the edge fusion plasma [Celiberto 2012]. Satisfactory agreement with results computed with the wave packet method [Roos 2009] is reached at intermediate energies [Niyonzima 2013]. Thereby, this part of the thesis work extends the previous study of [Roos 2009]. The MQDT-based approach, able to fully account for the temporary captures of electrons in Rydberg bound states, as well as the vibronic coupling between ionization channels, provides the first results (reliable) at low energies [Niyonzima 2013]. Lastly, an approximate analytical formulation of DR, VE and VdE cross section for the prediction and interpretation of results of numerical calculations has been provided. This formulation is usefull in the understanding of different intramolecular interactions and explains the sensibility of rate coefficients with respect to dominant interactions.

A Leishmaniose Visceral Humana (LVH) é uma protozoonose sistêmica grave que tem apresentado mudança no comportamento epidemiológico, com uma tendência crescente no Brasil. Na Região Norte, com a criação do Estado do Tocantins em 1989, houve aumento da incidência de LV em decorrência das modificações ecoepidemiológicas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo de corte transversal para avaliar o quadro da LVH no município de Araguaína (TO) no período de janeiro de 2007 a agosto de 2010. Adicionalmente, foram realizados ensaios para comparar as abordagens diagnósticas sorológicas para o diagnóstico da doença. Na distribuição dos casos de LVH nos municípios do norte do estado do Tocantins, Araguaína representa 79,8% no total dos casos no período de 2.007 a agosto de 2.010. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que, nesse período, 769 casos foram confirmados, sendo que 98,7% foram de casos novos. Houve um predomínio do sexo masculino de 57,8% e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 0 a 14 anos, com 71,3% dos casos notificados. Na distribuição por zona de residência, foram notificados 98,5% dos casos na zona urbana, mostrando a urbanização da doença. Nos ensaios, foram utilizadas uma abordagem usual da rede do SUS: um ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), um ELISA convencional, somados a um ELISA dissociativo. Os ensaios de ELISA apresentaram alta reprodutibilidade. Os pacientes positivos à IFI apresentaram uma frequência de 4% de falso-positivos quando testados em ambos os ELISA. Entre os pacientes suspeitos, houve uma alta frequência de positivos ao ELISA, maior no ELISA dissociativo do que no ELISA convencional. Na população assintomática, houve um achado de amostras positivas ao ELISA dissociativo. A presença de imunocomplexos em pacientes assintomáticos no início da doença ou sua presença em pacientes com resposta humoral menos intensa, como crianças, pode explicar estes achados de maior positividade no ELISA dissociativo. A confirmação destes resultados depende da pesquisa parasitológica em pacientes positivos ao ELISA dissociativo. Estes resultados mostram a importância de novas abordagens sorológicas no diagnóstico da LVH que viabilizariam uma triagem de paciente para diagnóstico parasitológico invasivo. / Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is a severe systemic protozoonosis that has presented changes at the epidemiological behavior, with a growing trend in Brazil. It has been conducted a cross sectional study to assess the context of HVL in the city of Araguaina (TO) from January 2007 to August 2010. Additionally, tests were conducted to compare the diagnostic approaches for the serological diagnosis. In the distribution of cases of HVL in the districts of northern state of Tocantins, Araguaina represents 79.8% of the total cases in the period from 2007 to August 2010. The results of this study revealed that in this period, 769 cases were confirmed, while 98.7% are new cases. There was a male predominance of 57.8% and the most affected age group was 0-14 years, with 71.3% of reported cases. In the distribution by area of residence were reported 98.5% of cases in the urban area, showing the urbanization of the disease. In tests, we used the usual approaches network: an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and a conventional ELISA, plus a dissociative ELISA. ELISA assays showed high reproducibility. Positive patients with IFAT showed a frequency of 4% false-positive when tested in both ELISA. Among patients suspected there was a high frequency of positive to ELISA, the ELISA dissociative higher than in the conventional ELISA. In the asymptomatic population, there was a finding of positive samples by ELISA dissociative. The presence of immune complexes in asymptomatic patients early in the disease or its presence in patients with less intense humoral response, as children, these findings may explain the higher dissociative ELISA positive. Confirmation of these results depends on parasitologic research on dissociative ELISA-positive patients. These results show the importance of new approaches in the serological diagnosis LVH that would make a screening of patients for invasive diagnostic parasitology.

A Leishmaniose Visceral Humana (LVH) é uma protozoonose sistêmica grave que tem apresentado mudança no comportamento epidemiológico, com uma tendência crescente no Brasil. Na Região Norte, com a criação do Estado do Tocantins em 1989, houve aumento da incidência de LV em decorrência das modificações ecoepidemiológicas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo de corte transversal para avaliar o quadro da LVH no município de Araguaína (TO) no período de janeiro de 2007 a agosto de 2010. Adicionalmente, foram realizados ensaios para comparar as abordagens diagnósticas sorológicas para o diagnóstico da doença. Na distribuição dos casos de LVH nos municípios do norte do estado do Tocantins, Araguaína representa 79,8% no total dos casos no período de 2.007 a agosto de 2.010. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que, nesse período, 769 casos foram confirmados, sendo que 98,7% foram de casos novos. Houve um predomínio do sexo masculino de 57,8% e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 0 a 14 anos, com 71,3% dos casos notificados. Na distribuição por zona de residência, foram notificados 98,5% dos casos na zona urbana, mostrando a urbanização da doença. Nos ensaios, foram utilizadas uma abordagem usual da rede do SUS: um ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), um ELISA convencional, somados a um ELISA dissociativo. Os ensaios de ELISA apresentaram alta reprodutibilidade. Os pacientes positivos à IFI apresentaram uma frequência de 4% de falso-positivos quando testados em ambos os ELISA. Entre os pacientes suspeitos, houve uma alta frequência de positivos ao ELISA, maior no ELISA dissociativo do que no ELISA convencional. Na população assintomática, houve um achado de amostras positivas ao ELISA dissociativo. A presença de imunocomplexos em pacientes assintomáticos no início da doença ou sua presença em pacientes com resposta humoral menos intensa, como crianças, pode explicar estes achados de maior positividade no ELISA dissociativo. A confirmação destes resultados depende da pesquisa parasitológica em pacientes positivos ao ELISA dissociativo. Estes resultados mostram a importância de novas abordagens sorológicas no diagnóstico da LVH que viabilizariam uma triagem de paciente para diagnóstico parasitológico invasivo. / Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is a severe systemic protozoonosis that has presented changes at the epidemiological behavior, with a growing trend in Brazil. It has been conducted a cross sectional study to assess the context of HVL in the city of Araguaina (TO) from January 2007 to August 2010. Additionally, tests were conducted to compare the diagnostic approaches for the serological diagnosis. In the distribution of cases of HVL in the districts of northern state of Tocantins, Araguaina represents 79.8% of the total cases in the period from 2007 to August 2010. The results of this study revealed that in this period, 769 cases were confirmed, while 98.7% are new cases. There was a male predominance of 57.8% and the most affected age group was 0-14 years, with 71.3% of reported cases. In the distribution by area of residence were reported 98.5% of cases in the urban area, showing the urbanization of the disease. In tests, we used the usual approaches network: an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and a conventional ELISA, plus a dissociative ELISA. ELISA assays showed high reproducibility. Positive patients with IFAT showed a frequency of 4% false-positive when tested in both ELISA. Among patients suspected there was a high frequency of positive to ELISA, the ELISA dissociative higher than in the conventional ELISA. In the asymptomatic population, there was a finding of positive samples by ELISA dissociative. The presence of immune complexes in asymptomatic patients early in the disease or its presence in patients with less intense humoral response, as children, these findings may explain the higher dissociative ELISA positive. Confirmation of these results depends on parasitologic research on dissociative ELISA-positive patients. These results show the importance of new approaches in the serological diagnosis LVH that would make a screening of patients for invasive diagnostic parasitology.

Les décharges filamentaires obtenues dans l'Argon et les gaz rares, à faible intensité (I < 1 A) et haute pression (pression atmosphérique et pressions supérieures) sont caractérisées par un petit diamètre (quelques dixièmes de millimètre), un champ électrique élevé (E = 10 kV/m) et une grande différence de température entre les électrons (Te = 10000 K) et les atomes (T0 = 1500 K). Pour étudier ces décharges encore mal connues, intermédiaires entre l'arc électrique et la décharge luminescente, nous avons élaboré un modèle capable, à partir de la connaissance d'un petit nombre de paramètres qui conditionnent le fonctionnement de la décharge (intensité du courant, champ électrique, diamètre, pression) de déterminer les principales grandeurs physiques (températures des électrons et des atomes, densités des électrons et des ions atomiques et moléculaires, densités des états excités) caractérisant le plasma ; ce modèle a été construit à partir des équations de conservation des particules chargées, des atomes excités et de l'énergie des électrons en prenant en compte l'ensemble des niveaux 4s et 4p de l'argon dont les sections efficaces d'excitation et d'ionisation par chocs électroniques sont bien connues. Le principal processus de disparition des électrons est la recombinaison dissociative des ions moléculaires A2+ (A2+ + e → A* + A) dont la formation par une réaction à trois corps (A+ + A + A → A2+ + A) est favorisée par la basse température et la haute pression du milieu ; les atomes excités A* sur un niveau 4p facilement ionisable, provenant de la recombinaison des ions A2+ permettent d'obtenir des densités électroniques importantes à des températures électroniques et atomiques relativement basses ; on a également pris en comte l'absorption partielle par le plasma des raies rouges de l'Argon issues des niveaux 4p. L'étude de ces décharges présente de l'intérêt sur le plan tant fondamental qu'appliqué (amorçage des décharges à haute intensité, caractérisation des régions périphériques des arcs électriques, lasers à excimers).

<p>This thesis describes two projects, spectroscopy of the astrophysically relevant molecule TiH and its isotopologue TiD, and the dissociative recombination (DR) reaction of astrophysically and atmospherically relevant molecules. Emphasis in the thesis is on the first project.</p><p>A series of laser aided spectroscopic studies of TiH/TiD has been carried out. A search for forbidden transitions in the (green) B-X band of TiH was performed. This was followed by a rather bitter fight for the analysis of the perturbed and congested B-X band of TiD, and this was finally rewarding. A substantial extension of a previously reported analysis of this band was performed. The new analysis includes transitions between higher vibrational levels never previously identified. This made it possible to report the first experimentally derived equilibrium constants for the TiH/TiD molecules. There is a need for such results for metal hydrides in the work of calculating the opacity of the atmospheres of cool M and L type stars.</p><p>The DR storage ring experiments have been carried out at the ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm. Measurements of the branching fractions and DR rate constants of molecular ions have been done. These results find use in the modeling of the chemistry in interstellar clouds as well as of atmospheres, like the one of Titan, one of the moons of Saturn, which was recently visited by the spacecraft Cassini.</p>

This thesis describes two projects, spectroscopy of the astrophysically relevant molecule TiH and its isotopologue TiD, and the dissociative recombination (DR) reaction of astrophysically and atmospherically relevant molecules. Emphasis in the thesis is on the first project. A series of laser aided spectroscopic studies of TiH/TiD has been carried out. A search for forbidden transitions in the (green) B-X band of TiH was performed. This was followed by a rather bitter fight for the analysis of the perturbed and congested B-X band of TiD, and this was finally rewarding. A substantial extension of a previously reported analysis of this band was performed. The new analysis includes transitions between higher vibrational levels never previously identified. This made it possible to report the first experimentally derived equilibrium constants for the TiH/TiD molecules. There is a need for such results for metal hydrides in the work of calculating the opacity of the atmospheres of cool M and L type stars. The DR storage ring experiments have been carried out at the ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm. Measurements of the branching fractions and DR rate constants of molecular ions have been done. These results find use in the modeling of the chemistry in interstellar clouds as well as of atmospheres, like the one of Titan, one of the moons of Saturn, which was recently visited by the spacecraft Cassini.