Thesis advisor: Robert J. Starratt / Recent federal and state mandates have tasked school systems to move beyond principal evaluation as a bureaucratic function and to re-imagine it as a critical component to improve principal performance and compel school renewal. This qualitative study investigated the district leaders' and principals' perceptions of the performance evaluation process and criteria by which the effectiveness of principals was judged in a small, urban, New England school district. In an effort to assist the New England School District to create a more authentic principal evaluation process, district document analysis, literature review, interview transcripts and survey data were used to make recommendations to district leaders regarding four major themes including fairness, feedback, process and critical aspects. The themes were discussed in the context of schools as complex systems, where trust and distributive leadership drive school renewal. Emerging from the study of principal and superintendent perceptions of the process and criteria for evaluation, recommendations include: make principal evaluation an ongoing process; schedule time in each building; clearly identify criteria and supportive evidence; standardize rubrics and evaluation instrument; use evaluation instrument and feedback mechanisms that recognizes complexity of the principalship; provide meaningful feedback; and base summative evaluation on goals for personal-professional improvement and growth. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education.

The thesis begins by asking why American tax policy is both attracted to and repelled by the idea of justice. Accepting the invitation of mid-twentieth-century economist Henry Simons to acknowledge that tax justice is a theological concept, the thesis seeks to excavate theological doctrines of taxation throughout Christian history in a way that can answer the presenting question. After analyzing the confusions in contemporary American tax policy (Chapter One), the thesis argues that Christian theology relativized property interests (the moral category most closely related to taxation). Taxation came to express different interests simultaneously and balanced them, while the idea of necessitas (need) emerged as the fulcrum of that balance (Chapter Two). The thesis develops the themes incipient in the early history by highlighting three salient theological moments. Thomas Aquinas clarified his predecessors' doctrines of property, resolving the tension between communal and private property through the interplay of natural and positive law (Chapter Three). In Thomas' account, the positive law of private ownership yields to the natural law substrate of communal property at the boundary between need and superabundance. Taxation can serve to implement that balance. The redistributive logic of Martin Luther's thinking extended to his political theology, as most clearly expressed in his "Preface to the Ordinance of a Common Chest" (Chapter Four), while John Calvin invoked the idea that economic inequality puts in motion both the circulation of goods and the need for redistribution of resources (Chapter Five). By way of conclusion, the thesis suggests a possible narrative connecting early modern to contemporary views on taxation. In the theological account, taxation's balancing function "legitimates" it. Modern tax theory, on the other hand, represents in some ways a return to the Greco-Roman model of tax "justification" instead of legitimacy.

In order to solve the NBM Nash formulates an optimization problem. The unique solution of this problem is the famous Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS). We revise this optimization problem and supplement some new selection criteria of profit allocation to develop some bargaining mechanisms appropriate for the two situations of our model respectively. Each bargaining mechanism offers the alliance one, two, or several reasonable profit distribution(s) which can be selected by these two parties. Subsequently for any situation we propose some novel dynamic programming algorithms with respect to several specific utility function structures involving job schedules respectively to implement those relevant mechanisms in pseudo-polynomial time. / In this dissertation we investigate a new cooperative game model, where two parties comprise an alliance to process a number of jobs offered by a customer and bargain about a reasonable processing profit distribution determined by a two-partition of these jobs. / In this model the non-negative integer-valued parameters of each job, which are the basic assumptions in traditional discrete scheduling models, are still adopted. We also assume each job is non-preemptive. Any party's utility function of the two-partition of these jobs does not possess any elegant continuous or concave property which is critical for the original Nash Bargaining Model (NBM), and furthermore we are only concerned with the integer-valued utility function. Consequently these assumptions result in a new discrete variation of the NBM. In this dissertation we highlight an important special case of our model, where after a two-partition of these jobs is given, each party's utility of processing the jobs assigned to him is related with an optimal schedule of these jobs which minimizes a cost (penalty) function. / This new model is motivated at least by the following real world phenomenon: after two manufacturers have jointly contracted with a customer for processing a number of jobs owing to their insufficient operation facilities, these two par ties need to negotiate a two-partition of these jobs to obtain a profit distribution acceptable for each one. In this dissertation we consider two situations of this model. In the first situation these two parties basically possess the same bargaining power. In the second situation one party possesses the greater bargaining power and can design some bargaining mechanisms more beneficial for himself attributed to his more operation techniques or facilities than the other's. / Chen, Quanle. / "November 2006." / Adviser: Xiaogiang Cai. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: B, page: 5489. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-153). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

<p>There is so much hunger in the developing poor countries of the world that the extent of inequality calls for a re-examination of global resources distribution especially as it concerns global debt crisis. The debts and their servicing obligation worsen the condition of the poor. Their cancellation could grant some respite to these global poor. This is why the call for a total and unconditional cancellation of Third World debt becomes a moral imperative. This needs to be given a normative approach especially as most of the debts were said to have arisen from morally questionable contracts. The demand for their cancellation is therefore a demand for global justice viewed from the stand point of rectification and distribution.</p>

Rubber and plastics companies are using mixing equipment (‘internal mixers') which was invented by Banbury in 1916 and which has hardly evolved since then. There is an urgent need for the modernization of such equipment and the market is demanding higher and higher performances for rubber goods. The physics of the dispersion of porous or fibrous agglomerates in a flow field has not been widely addressed in the past, despite of its importance. This is mainly due to the technical difficulties associated with the observations of the kinetics of this disagglomeration and the wide range of size that must be probed. Two mechanisms are recognized : erosion and rupture. Actually, different software solutions to simulate the 3D transient behavior of a flow in internal batch mixer are available. In all existing codes, it is assumed that mixing and flow calculations are decoupled : the analysis of the mixing (distributive or dispersive mixing) is performed after the calculation of the flow. To sum-up, hierarchical modeling including micro-macro models is considered in this work. In this thesis, we developed new distributive tools and new dispersive mathematical model. We compared the numerical prediction with several experiments. Finally, we use this model to design a new rotor shape in the framework of a European project.

There is so much hunger in the developing poor countries of the world that the extent of inequality calls for a re-examination of global resources distribution especially as it concerns global debt crisis. The debts and their servicing obligation worsen the condition of the poor. Their cancellation could grant some respite to these global poor. This is why the call for a total and unconditional cancellation of Third World debt becomes a moral imperative. This needs to be given a normative approach especially as most of the debts were said to have arisen from morally questionable contracts. The demand for their cancellation is therefore a demand for global justice viewed from the stand point of rectification and distribution.

The modern principle of freedom of subjectivity sets a moral standard which radically departs from Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean: modern moral agents, exemplified by the rising middle class, are granted the right to develop extreme dispositions towards goods like honour and wealth. Given that Aristotle considers such goods divisible in the sense that when one person gets more another gets less―the basic definition of distributive injustice―it isn’t surprising that modern philosophers like Kant have trouble reconciling this right with duty to others. Failing to resolve this dilemma satisfactorily in ethical terms, Kant and others turn to aesthetics, but Kant, at least, takes no account there of moral agents’ interest in the actual existence of goods. In this respect, the alternative to the Kantian aesthetic response I document in my dissertation is more Stoic than modern. This response, the modern mediocre-artist narrative, features a mediocre artist who fails to achieve the new standard of distributive justice and a genius who ostensibly succeeds. Though other critics discuss the ethical dimension of mediocre-artist narratives, they don’t consider the possibility that the mediocre artist’s failure might be due to the ethical dilemma just described. They therefore tend to uphold uncritically the narratives’ negative judgments of mediocrity, ascribing the latter’s failure to egotism. By contrast, I examine the genius’ artistic efforts for evidence of a similar failure. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the genius does indeed fail, albeit less spectacularly, arguing on this basis that egotistical characterizations of mediocrity are unjust. But the mediocre aren’t the only victims: in “concealing” genius’ failure, mediocre-artist narratives ignore unmet claims on its fruits. Finally, I invoke Derrida’s notion of the “lesser violence” to outline a new genre that recognizes the unattainability of the modern standard of justice. I call this genre morally progressive, rejecting Jürgen Habermas’ view that freedom of subjectivity has hit a dead end, and that we must backtrack to a philosophical turning indicated but not taken by Hegel, namely, the path of intersubjective freedom.

La problématique de recherche : l'objectif de recherche est de déterminer l'influence qu'exercent les trois perceptions d'équité liées à la rémunération (équité interne, équité individuelle, équité externe) sur les CDT. La problématique de recherche est principalement justifiée par certaines lacunes à l'égard des connaissances portant sur la justice distributive et les comportements déviants au travail (CDT). Le cadre méthodologique : la théorie de l'équité d'Adams a été retenue dans le cadre de notre étude, car celle-ci s'avérait la plus pertinente pour expliquer le lien qui existe entre les trois perceptions d'équité et les CDT. Suivant les postulats de la théorie d'Adams et les résultats d'étude empirique (Ronen, 1986; Scholl et al., 1987; Levine, 1993; Pfeffer et Langton, 1993; Werner et Mero, 1999; Wade et al., 2006) nous avons proposé cinq hypothèses de recherche qui relient les perceptions d'équité liées à la rémunération aux trois sous forme de CDT (déviance de production et déviance liée à la propriété, déviance politique). Le cadre méthodologique : nous avons opté pour un devis de recherche dit « corrélationnel » (Sekaran, 1992). Les sujets retenus pour la réalisation de notre étude étaient des étudiants inscrits dans un programme d'études de premier cycle en administration à l'ESG-UQAM. 258 personnes ont répondu au premier questionnaire et 152 étudiants ont participé au deuxième pour un taux de réponse de 58,9 %. Les résultats, l'interprétation des résultats et la discussion : malheureusement, nos cinq hypothèses de recherche ont dû être rejetées. L'absence de résultats probants pourrait s'expliquer par l'une des caractéristiques de notre échantillon à savoir le nombre peu élevé d'années de service des répondants chez l'employeur actuel. Il est donc possible que les résultats obtenus soient attribuables au fait qu'une large proportion des répondants se trouve présentement dans un processus de socialisation. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Comportements déviants au travail, Rémunération directe, Justice distributive, Équité de la rémunération, Équité interne, Équité externe, Équité individuelle, Théorie de l'équité.

In this study, procedural justice, distributive justice and performance appraisal values to explore and understand the workplace in organizational justice (procedural justice, distributive justice) and the degree of emphasis on the staff performance appraisal values to job involvement and supervisory trust¡¦s influence, in addition, recognized individuals in their work performance evaluation of values, procedural justice, distributive justice, supervisory trust and job involvement are also included in the scope of regulation. The design of this questionnaire is divided into two parts, first part was in charge of the staff performance appraisal to the implementation of the program is consistent with principles of procedural fairness, the respective high and low procedural justice two kinds of situations. The second part of the assessment results for the charge of the staff can feel a fair, competent staff there to the list of recommended salary increases for the results of the judgments of the respective high and low equity allocation of a fair distribution of two kinds of situations. By these two factors, staggered to form four kinds of different situations, but the questionnaire asked the same item. The 242 valid questionnaires were collected, results are as follows: 1. High attention to performance appraisal values of person who cares about the fairness of the process and the fairness of reward distribution, shown more positive behavior and attitude that is a geometric results and paid, so the relative level of pay and the investment will more. 2. Whether it is good for promotion or pay less attention to whether or not the person is on the results than those who do not care if the charge given to the fairness of the competition, will have the role of subordinates have incentives, in turn will increase its performance. 3. Competent to conduct any type of operation regardless of behavior would have on our high importance for the performance assessment process, people will have a better work attitude and output, and will not be competent to act and change the emphasis on performance assessment for high allocation of resources of people, but no obvious effect. 4. In the high attention to procedural justice, distributive justice values in the trust's impact on the charge of little, and in the low distributive justice in the gap produced significant effects.

In this article, I want to explain Michael Otsuka¡¦s idea of distributive justice, the latest theory of the left-libertarianism. Otsuka argued that self-ownership can be combined with a kind of egalitarian ownership principle and he critics that the conflict between self-ownership and equality is an illusion. I will examine Otsuka¡¦s theory about self-ownership, egalitarian proviso and the framework of political societies of voluntarism. And I will point out what is the wrong and right in his theory.