<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka försvarsmaktlärares uppfattning om</p><p>relationen mellan kursernas examinationsform och faktorer som har med de</p><p>studerandes lärande att göra. Studien hade dessutom som syfte att undersöka om</p><p>det finns några betydande skillnader i uppfattning mellan skolor med olika</p><p>karaktär i form av generalist- eller specialistinriktning på utbildningen.</p><p>Konstruktionen av empirisk data har möjliggjorts genom att vi har intervjuat</p><p>lärare från två olika skolor, dels Militärhögskolan i Halmstad (MHS H) dels</p><p>Försvarsmaktens tekniska skola (FMTS).</p><p>För att kunna tolka vårt resultat har vi använt oss av två referensramar. Det är</p><p>Marton och Booth teoretiska referensram om lärandet samt Biggs teorier om</p><p>konstruktiv gruppering av de faktorer som främjar lärandet. Resultatet pekar på</p><p>att det är av betydelse för de studerandes lärande att lärarna gör medvetna val för</p><p>att examinationen skall vara ett stöd i lärandet och inte enbart en</p><p>kontrollfunktion. Vidare kan vi konstatera att det inte föreligger några skillnader</p><p>i uppfattning om examinationens vikt för lärandet utan skillnaden ligger i</p><p>uppfattning om i vilken grad man faktiskt har möjlighet att realisera sina planer</p><p>med hänsyn taget till de ramfaktorer som styr planeringen av den genomförda</p><p>utbildningen.</p>

Recent studies show that populations of the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus L. can rapidly become locally differentiated when submerged stonewort (Chara spp.) vegetation expands in lakes. In the novel Chara habitat, isopods become lighter pigmented and smaller than in the ancestral reed stands. In this study, I used laboratory experiments to investigate if selective predation by fish could be a possible explanation for these phenotypic changes. Predation from fish is generally considered to be a strong selective force on macroinvertebrate traits. In the first experiment I measured perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) handling time for three size classes of Asellus to see which size of those that would be the most profitable to feed upon. No difference in handling time was detected between prey sizes, hence the largest size would be the most beneficial to feed upon. In a second experiment I let perch feed on a mixture of Asellus phenotypes in aquaria manipulated to mimic the substrates in either the Chara or the reed habitats. Remaining isopods were significantly smaller and lighter pigmented in the fish aquaria than in the controls, showing that the perch preferred to feed on large and dark individuals. In the Chara habitat, selection on isopod pigmentation was according to what could be expected from background matching, but in the reed habitat selection was quite the opposite. These results support the hypothesis that predation from fish is a strong selective force behind the rapid local adaptation seen in Asellus populations in the novel Chara habitat.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka försvarsmaktlärares uppfattning om relationen mellan kursernas examinationsform och faktorer som har med de studerandes lärande att göra. Studien hade dessutom som syfte att undersöka om det finns några betydande skillnader i uppfattning mellan skolor med olika karaktär i form av generalist- eller specialistinriktning på utbildningen. Konstruktionen av empirisk data har möjliggjorts genom att vi har intervjuat lärare från två olika skolor, dels Militärhögskolan i Halmstad (MHS H) dels Försvarsmaktens tekniska skola (FMTS). För att kunna tolka vårt resultat har vi använt oss av två referensramar. Det är Marton och Booth teoretiska referensram om lärandet samt Biggs teorier om konstruktiv gruppering av de faktorer som främjar lärandet. Resultatet pekar på att det är av betydelse för de studerandes lärande att lärarna gör medvetna val för att examinationen skall vara ett stöd i lärandet och inte enbart en kontrollfunktion. Vidare kan vi konstatera att det inte föreligger några skillnader i uppfattning om examinationens vikt för lärandet utan skillnaden ligger i uppfattning om i vilken grad man faktiskt har möjlighet att realisera sina planer med hänsyn taget till de ramfaktorer som styr planeringen av den genomförda utbildningen.

The last century, humans have been altering almost all natural environments at an accelerating rate, including the Baltic Sea that has highly eutrophicated areas and many coastal industries such as Pulp-mills. For animals living in a habitat that changes there are basically two alternatives, either to cope with the change or become locally extinct. This thesis aims to investigate if recent anthropogenic disturbance in the Baltic Sea can affect natural populations on a genetic level through natural selection. First, we found a fine-scale genetic structure in three-spine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations along the Swedish coast (paper I), indicating limited gene-flow between populations in geographic proximity. Different genetic markers, specifically Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorpism (AFLP, and microsatellites,  gave different results, highlighting the heterogeneous character of genomes which demonstrates that it is important to choose a genetic marker that is relevant for the question at hand. With a population genomic approach, and a multilocus genetic marker (AFLP), we detected convergent evolution in genotype composition in stickleback populations living in environments affected by pulp-mill effluent (paper II) and in highly eutrophicated environments (paper III), compared to adjacent reference populations. We found loci, in both studies (paper II, III), that were different from a neutral distribution and thus probably under divergent selection for the habitat differences investigated. The selective effect from pulp-mill effluents were more pronounced, but the two different habitats had mutual characters (AFLP loci). In paper IV, we converted five anonymous AFLP loci to sequenced markers and aligned them to the stickleback genome. Four out of five loci aligned within, or close to, coding regions on chromosome I, chromosome VIII, chromosome XIX and chromosome XX. One of the loci, located on chromosome VIII and identified as under divergent selection in both paper II and III, has been identified in other studies as to be under selection for fresh water adaptation, including Baltic Sea stickleback populations. In conclusion, anthropogenic alterations of natural environments can have evolutionary consequences, probably adaptive, for the animals living there and the evolutionary response exhibited by natural populations can be very fast. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Poche qualità umane hanno un così forte impatto sulla nostra esistenza quanto la creatività (Scott et al., 2004). Il presente progetto di ricerca raccoglie le sfide identificate da Houtz (2003) come cruciali per la ricerca psicologica: riconoscere, potenziare e comprendere la creatività. Il progetto si focalizza sul concetto di pensiero divergente (Guilford, 1956) come risvolto cognitivo della creatività e si divide in tre studi. Il primo studio presenta un contributo alla validazione del Wallach Kogan Creativity Test (1965). Nel secondo studio ill WKCT, validato nel primo studio, insieme al Test di pensiero creativo (Sprini e Tomasello, 1989 - versione italiana del Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, Torrance 1966) è servita per valutare l'efficacia di un training di pensiero creativo. Nel terzo studio a 306 soggetti di seconda media sono stati somministrati i seguenti strumenti: Big Five Questionnaire – Children (Barbaranelli et al.,1998), Test di pensiero creativo - forma A, parte verbale (Sprini e Tomasello, 1989) versione italiana del Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance, 1966) e una serie di item utilizzati da Choi (2004). Quindi è stata condotta una path analysis per testare un modello in cui personalità, motivazione, pensiero divergente e variabili contestuali sono predittori dell'atteggiamento creativo. / Improving creative thinking is a crucial challenge for the progress of human beings and nations (Florida, 2002). The research project aims at recognizing, fostering and understanding divergent thinking (Guilford, 1956) as cognitive aspect of creativity. The project consists of 3 studies. First study is a contribution to the Italian validation of Wallach Kogan Creativity Test (1965) with subjects aged 12. Second study is an experimental research conducted in a school with children 12 years old. A group of them followed a three-months-training that aimed at fostering divergent thinking abilities, another group served as control. Pretest and posttest were administered using Wallach Kogan Creativity Test (1965) previously validated and also the Italian version of Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (Torrance, 1966) in the verbal form (Sprini & Tomasello, 1989). Third study presents a path analysis to test a model in which personality, motivation, divergent thinking and contextual variables are predictors of a creative aptitude.

This master’s final paper analyses divergent economic development in Lithuanian regions and its causes. Given that objective I reviewed works where the main interest is in economic convergence – divergence process in regions. It also presents β and σ convergence and classical methods of inequality measurement. The paper presents a detailed analysis of differences in spatial economic activity described by territorial disparity of active economic subjects, investment in tangible fixed assets and foreign direct investment in regions. Estimation of the rate and speed of uneven growth is grounded on spatial disparity measurement of GDP per capita and GDP per worker. This paper assesses relationship between regional specialization, comparative advantage in main economic sectors and divergence process. The hypothesis is formulated as follows: “the source of increasing spatial differences in Lithuanian regions is cumulative causation process” is confirmed. Political intervention in promoting workplace training programs and accumulation of human capital stock is necessary to defeat this causation process.

The development of a creative personality is becoming more and more significant in the rapidly changing world. The aim of this work is to reveal the peculiarities of 5 –7 year old children verbal and nonverbal creative thinking. In the first (theoretical) part problems of creativity and creative thinking are analysed. In the second (practical) part the results of research on the indices of verbal and nonverbal creative thinking of pre – school children (5–7) are analysed. The object of research – creativity of 5 – 7 year children and education of creativity. The aim of research – to reveal the peculiarities of 5 – 7 year old children verbal and nonverbal creative thinking. The tasks of research: 1) to analyse the indices of creativity among girls and boys; 2) to analyse the indices of creativity among 5 and 7 year old children; 3) to analyse the indices of creativity among children from Vilnius and Alytus. Hypothesis: 1) girl's and boy's verbal and nonverbal creative thinking indices are equal; 2) 5 year old children are conditionally more creatable then 7 year old children; 3) creativity of the 5 and 7 year old children differ due to the place of residence: children from Vilnius are conditionally more creatable then children from Alytus. The research proved that the first hypothesis wasn’t confirmed. The girl's nonverbal creative thinking indices are higher then boy's. The boy's verbal creative thinking indices are higher than girl's. The second hypothesis was fully... [to full text]

Young adult novels are undeniably popular and yet they are simultaneously dismissed as inconsequential or light – conventionally deemed low literature, these novels are generally not considered worthy to be discussed in the same spaces as the less popular, more traditional high literature. If a genre of young adult novels were given a place within literary history, it would not only legitimize these novels as more than guilty pleasures or the provinces of adolescent readers who will come to grow out of them, but it would also open up the possibility for other forms of literature to be similarly recognized as worth reading or thinking about. The Bildungsroman, also known as the “novel of formation” or the more colloquial “coming-of-age” novel, is a genre grounded in the traditions of multiple literary histories and is commonly understood to be high literature. Marianne Hirsch models the European Bildungsroman, which is useful for both American novels due to the predominance of European and particularly English canon. This paper is interested in determining how contemporary young adult dystopian novels, examined through the Scott Westerfeld's Uglies and Veronica Roth's Divergent, both work within and depart from the conventions of the traditional Bildungsroman.

Mémoire (M.Ed)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1986. / "Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vue de l'obtention de la maîtrise en éducation" CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

abstract: Microchannel heat sinks can possess heat transfer characteristics unavailable in conventional heat exchangers; such sinks offer compact solutions to otherwise intractable thermal management problems, notably in small-scale electronics cooling. Flow boiling in microchannels allows a very high heat transfer rate, but is bounded by the critical heat flux (CHF). This thesis presents a theoretical-numerical study of a method to improve the heat rejection capability of a microchannel heat sink via expansion of the channel cross-section along the flow direction. The thermodynamic quality of the refrigerant increases during flow boiling, decreasing the density of the bulk coolant as it flows. This may effect pressure fluctuations in the channels, leading to nonuniform heat transfer and local dryout in regions exceeding CHF. This undesirable phenomenon is counteracted by permitting the cross-section of the microchannel to increase along the direction of flow, allowing more volume for the vapor. Governing equations are derived from a control-volume analysis of a single heated rectangular microchannel; the cross-section is allowed to expand in width and height. The resulting differential equations are solved numerically for a variety of channel expansion profiles and numbers of channels. The refrigerant is R-134a and channel parameters are based on a physical test bed in a related experiment. Significant improvement in CHF is possible with moderate area expansion. Minimal additional manufacturing costs could yield major gains in the utility of microchannel heat sinks. An optimum expansion rate occurred in certain cases, and alterations in the channel width are, in general, more effective at improving CHF than alterations in the channel height. Modest expansion in height enables small width expansions to be very effective. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2011