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Invloed van die begrip kinderregte op die privaatregtelike ouer-kind verhouding in die Suid-Afrikaanse regHuman, Cornelia Sophia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLD (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 1998. / 490 leaves double sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-469. Includes bibliography. Digitised using a HP Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR). / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis investigates the effect of the recognition of the rights of the child on the
parent-child relationship in private law. Rights of the child seem, on the face of it, to
undermine parental authority and family values. The impression is created that the
state is abdicating its role as protector of the child in favour of unfettered freedom of
the child. The delicate balance between individual freedom and family autonomy
may in the result also be under threat. It was, therefore, necessary to extend the
investigation to include the role of parents and that of the state.
The study is divided into three parts. The first contains a theoretical analysis of the
concept rights of the child. It is clear that the concept is a manifestation of
fundamental human rights. The rights of the child are unique in nature and
accommodate the changing phases of dependence and developing abilities of the
child. Theoretical analysis negates the perception that the recognition of the rights of
the child contributes to erosion of the family: the importance of the commitment of
parents and of the state is apparent.
The second part consists of a comprehensive review of the parent-child relationship in
the South African private law, and an analysis of the public law dimension of the
concept rights of the child. This part of the investigation demonstrates that parental
authority is firmly rooted in legal history and that substantive private law does not
recognise the child as bearer of rights within the context of the family. However, the
Bill of Rights and the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
unequivocally give public law status to the child as bearer of rights. The study shows
that the private and public law status of a child cannot be isolated from one another
and that adaptations will have to be made to implement the rights of the child.
In the third part of the study an attempt is made to identify the kind of adaptation that
must be made. The impact of the idea of the rights of the child upon the parent-child
relationship in private law is investigated. Australian and Scottish law are examples
of legal systems which endeavour to implement fully the concept of the rights of the
child. Indigenous law places a high value on human dignity. The interaction between
rights and duties in indigenous systems reflect values which are inherent in the idea
of the rights of the child.
The study shows that the impact of the rights of the child on the parent-child
relationship is such that change and adaptation of private law is necessary. Change
and adaptation are required at both theoretical and practical level. A number of
obstacles which may inhibit the process of change are identified. Finally, the kind of
change and adaptation required is illustrated by a number of practical examples of the
impact ofchange on the parent-child relationship. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word in hierdie proefskrif gepoog om te bepaal wat die effek van die erkenning
van kinderregte op die ouer-kind verhouding in die privaatreg is. Kinderregte skep op
die oog af die persepsie dat ouerlike gesag en gesinswaardes onderrnyn word en dat
die staat sy rol as beskerrner van 'n kind abdikeer ten gunste van onbeperkte vryhede
aan 'n kind. Die delikate balans tussen individuele vryhede en gesinsoutonomie is in
gedrang en op hierdie wyse word die rol van ouers en die staat ook by die ondersoek
betrek.
Die studie behels 'n drieledige ondersoek. In die eerste plek vind 'n teoretiese
ontleding van die begrip kinderregte plaas. Hierdie ondersoek toon aan dat
kinderregte 'n verskyningsvorrn van fundamentele menseregte is. Kinderregte het 'n
eiesoortige aard en akkommodeer die wisselende fases van afhanklikheid en
ontwikkelende verrnoens van 'n kind. Die betrokkenheid van ouers en die staat word
beklemtoon en die teoretiese uitgangspunt besweer gevolglik negatiewe persepsies dat
die erkenning van kinderregte tot gesinsverbrokkeling sal meewerk.
Die tweede deel van die ondersoek bestaan uit 'n volledige uiteensetting van die ouerkind
verhouding in die Suid-Afrikaanse privaatreg en 'n ontleding van die
publiekregtelike dimensie van die begrip kinderregte. Hierdie deel van die ondersoek
bewys dat ouerlike gesag regshistories sterk fundeer is en dat die substantiewe
privaatreg nie die kind as draer van regte binne gesinsverband erken nie. Daarteenoor
verleen die Handves van Regte en die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie op die Regte
van die kind 1989 'n duidelike publiekregtelike status aan die kind as draer van regte.
Die ondersoek toon aan dat die privaatregtelike en publiekregtelike status van 'n kind
nie van mekaar gelsoleer kan word nie en dat aanpassings sal moet plaasvind ten
einde kinderregte te implementeer.
Die tipe aanpassings wat gemaak sal moet word, vloei voort uit die derde element van
hierdie studie. Hierdie deeI van die studie behels 'n toepassing van die idee van
kinderregte op die ouer-kind verhouding in die privaatreg. 'n Regsvergelykende
element word betrek en die Australiese en Skotse reg word as modelle van 'n
regstelsel voorgehou wat poog om kinderregte tot sy volle konsekwensies te
implementeer. Vir doeleindes van interne regsvergelyking word daar ook na die
inheemse reg verwys. Die hoe premie wat laasgenoemde regstelsel op
menswaardigheid plaas en die wisselwerking tussen regte en verpligtinge
verteenwoordig waardes wat eie aan die idee van kinderregte is.
Die gevolgtrekking is dat die effek van kinderregte op die ouer-kind verhouding van
sodanige omvang is dat aanpassings in die privaatreg sal moet plaasvind.
Veranderings in regsdenke en formele aanpassings word vereis en 'n aantal
struikelblokke wat deel van hierdie proses is, word uitgelig. Sekere praktiese
implikasies vir die ouer-kind verhouding word ook voorgehou ten einde te illustreer
wat die aard van die aanpassings is wat vereis word.
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Family law dispute resolution : procedural justice and the lawyer-client interactionHowieson, Jillian Alice January 2009 (has links)
While several Australian and international studies have explored the family lawyer-client interaction, these studies have been limited to investigations of discrete areas of the lawyerclient relationship and have been necessarily limited in their methodologies. The present study employed a quantitative empirical methodology in an Australian wide field study of 230 family lawyers and 94 clients that investigated the family lawyer-client interaction from a procedural justice framework. Using multivariate analyses, the study establishes that the Tyler and Blader two-component model of procedural justice applies in the lawyer-client dyad and is influenced by the approach of the lawyer, the emotional response of the client, and the level of co-party conflict that the client is experiencing. Further, the study gives meaning to the terms 'conciliatory and constructive' and 'adversarial' as they apply to family law dispute resolution. The study establishes a construct to measure the conciliatory and adversarial approach of family lawyers and identifies that lawyers tend to incorporate a mixture of the two into their work. The results also identify four distinct behavioural factors that characterise the two approaches: the client-centred and interest-based factors characterise the conciliatory approach; and the lawyer-directed and court-focused factors characterise the adversarial. The study found that in terms of perceptions of fairness, and feelings of satisfaction, the clients preferred the lawyers who took a client-centred and interest-based approach, but in circumstances where the clients were experiencing high-levels of conflict, or fear for the safety of their children, they also appreciated the lawyer who was lawyer-directed and court-focused. Overall, the study shows that in order to create a fair and satisfying dispute resolution service for their clients, family lawyers need to maintain a fine balance of family lawyering behaviour. On a general level, the study provides a profile of Australian family lawyers in terms of their approach to dispute resolution, their attitude towards ADR processes and their favoured negotiation styles. It also profiles family law clients in terms of their emotional adjustment to the divorce and their perceptions of the family lawyers assisting them to resolve their disputes. The study substantially expands the procedural justice theory base and has significant implications for practical family law education, government policy, family lawyering, and the ADR and collaborative law movements. The study indicates where future research could benefit these communities.
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Le veuvage en Nouvelle-France, genre, dynamique familiale et stratégies de survie dans deux villes coloniales du XVIIIe siècle, Québec et LouisbourgBrun, Josette January 2001 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Narratives of relationships/marriagesNiehaus, Elonya 11 1900 (has links)
Religious and cultural discourses shape relationships/marriages. The constructed
nature of relationships/marriages opens the possibility for alternative relational
realities. Positioning relationships/marriages in alternative discourses assisted the
couples to construct a preferred relationship narrative. Three couples embarked on
this feminist participatory action research journey - a couple from the Jehovah's
Witnesses tradition,' a couple from the Dutch Reformed Church and a couple from a
Gay Refonned Church. Conversations with the participating couples deconstructed
their relationships. It also enabled the couples to co-author alternative, preferred
realities of their relationships/marriages and to provide rich descriptions of these. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Pastoral Therapy)
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Domicile and jurisdiction as criteria in external conflict of laws with particular reference to aspects of the South African law of personsSchoeman, Elsabe 01 1900 (has links)
This thesis explores the use of domicilium as a criterion in choice of law and
jurisdiction in South African law with special reference to private-law status. In this area
of the law adherence to the status theory has, in the recent past, resulted in the use
of domicile as an exclusive ratio jurisdictionis. This has impacted negatively on choice
of law issues in status matters: since domicile constituted the sole jurisdictional
criterion, little attention was devoted to choice of law. Even though the lex domicilii
was, in actual fact, applied to choice of law issues concerning private-law status, it
happened only as a result of the assumption of jurisdiction by the forum domicilii. With
the emergence of alternative jurisdictional criteria, such as ordinary residence, choice
of law issues will have to be addressed from a conflict of laws perspective, since the
jurisdictional criteria will no longer ensure the application of the appropriate lex causae.
In this regard recognition of the functional diversification of jurisdictional and conflicts
connecting factors is crucial: different principles and policies underlie the fields of
jurisdiction and choice of law and this must be borne in mind when a connecting factor is selected. In view of the prominence of domicilium as a connecting factor, problem areas in
regard to the interpretation and ascertainment of domicile, especially the domicile of
choice, is investigated within the context of the Domicile Act 3 of 1992 and with a view
to future reform. It is submitted that the subjective animus requirement for the
acquisition of a domicile of choice remains uncertain and undefined. Since domicile
constitutes such an important connecting factor in issues pertaining to private-law
status, as well as other non-status matters, it is essential that it should be readily and
easily ascertainable. In this regard certain concrete proposals for future reform are
advanced. Ultimately the domicile of an individual should indicate the community to
which he/she truly belongs: only then will domicile constitute a conflicts connecting factor which satisfies the demands of conflicts justice. / Private Law / LL. D. (Law)
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Die finansiële posisie van gades na egskeiding met spesifieke verwysing na die clean break -beginselEngelbrecht, Ockert Michiel January 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie studie handel oor die ontwikkeling van die "clean break"-beginsel met verwysing
na die posisie daarvan in vergelykbare regstelsels. Dit toon aan hoedat maatskaplike
omstandighede die samelewing se siening van die huwelik be"invloed het.
Die hedendaagse samelewing is ten gunste van 'n "clean break" na egskeiding, sonder
'n voortdurende onderhoudsverpligting. Hierdie neiging beinvloed die finansiele posisie ·
van gades na egskeiding nadelig. Dit is 'n feit wat ook in regskringe al hoe meer
erkenning geniet en daartoe aanleiding gegee het dat voortdurend gedebatteer word oor
wyses waarop die finansiele posisie van vroue na egskeiding verbeter kan word. Daar
word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die siening van substansiele gelykheid 'n invloed
behoort te he op die finansiele posisie van gades na egskeiding.
Gesien teen die agtergrond van die fundamentele menseregte handves is 'n bemoeienis van regswee inderdaad geregverdig. / This study traces the development of the "clean break" principle as it has developed in
comparable legal systems. It shows that changed socio-economic conditions influenced
society's view of marriage. Modern society tends to follow a "clean break" after divorce,
with no continuing maintenance obligations. This trend tends to influence the financial
position of single parent families after divorce negatively. This fact has been recognised
in legal circles and has led to a continuing debate on ways to improve the financial
position of women after divorce. My study concludes that substantial equality as seen
from a fundamental human rights position point of view, justifies legal involvement with regard to the financial position of spouses after divorce. / Private Law / LL. M.
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De Facto huwelike :Dercksen, Elsje Jacoba Johanna 01 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Die regsposisie van die deelgenote tot 'n de facto huwelik word krities ondersoek met
inagneming van die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie, oorsigtelike regsvergelyking,
die morele argument, en die invloed van die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika. Die
verskillende vorme van de facto huwelike in sy bree interpretasie word in oenskou
geneem en die volgende verbindings word bespreek: saamwoonverhoudings;
inheemsregtelike huwelike; huwelike voortspruitend uit godsdienstige tradisies; en
homoseksuele huwelike.
Dit word gevind dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie tans baie onbevredigend is.
Sekere voorstelle vir wysigings word aan die hand gedoen, en daar word gewys op
die unieke kenmerke van die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie wat in ag geneem moet word
in die vorming van 'n nuwe benadering. Dit word bepleit dat die regslui die uitdaging
moet aangryp en met innoverende denke 'n nuwe bestel vir die Suid-Afrikaanse reg moet skep wat buigbaar en soepel is, maar terselfdertyd regsekerheid bevorder. / The legal status of the parties to a de facto marriage is investigated, taking into
consideration the present South African position, legal comparison, the moral
argument, and the influence of the Constitution of South Africa. The different forms
of the de facto marriage in its wide interpretation are reviewed and the following
relationships are discussed: cohabitation relationships; customary marriages;
marriages resulting from religious traditions; and homosexual relationships.
It is found that the present South African legal position is very unsatisfactory. Several
suggestions for amendments are made, and the unique characteristics of the South
African situation to be taken into consideration in forming a new approach, are
highlighted. It is pleaded that the legal profession accept the challenge to create, with
innovation, a new system for South African law which will be flexible, but, will at the same time ensure certainty in law. / Private Law / LL. M.
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The Making of Modern Egypt: the Egyptian Ulama as Custodians of Change and Guardians of Muslim CultureBoauod, Marai 05 August 2016 (has links)
Scholarship on the modern history of the Middle East has undergone profound revision in the previous three decades or so. Many earlier perceptions, largely based on modernization theory, have been either contested or modified. However, the perception of the Egyptian ulama (the traditionally-educated, religious Muslim scholars) in academic scholarship remains largely affected by the legacy of hypotheses of the modernization theory. Old assumptions that the Egyptian ulama were submissive to political power and passive players incapable of accommodating, let alone of fathoming, conditions of the modern world, and who chose or were forced to retreat from this world, losing much, if not all, of their relevance and significance, still infuse the scholarly literature.
Making use of materials obtained from the Egyptian National Archives, this study offers an examination of modern legal reform in Egypt from the nineteenth century through the first part of the twentieth century with the ulama and their legal institutions in mind. As the findings of this study effectively illustrate, the Egyptian ulama were by no means submissive. Rather, they were patient. Far from being passive agents of the past, the Egyptian ulama were active participants who played a critical role in the building of modern Egypt. The ulama had at their disposal sustained social and moral influence, a long-standing position as community leaders, a reputation as defenders and representatives of Islam, the power to validate or invalidate the political establishment by means of public and doctrinal legitimization, and the final authority over laws of family and personal status. Through these strengths, the ulama were able to influence the direction of change and to impact its scope and nature during transitional period that witnessed the making and remaking of modern Egypt.
Considering the nature of changes that they allowed to be introduced to the shari-based justice system and the ones they resisted, as well as their stance regarding social matters, the Egyptian ulama comprehended and recognized modernity as useful. Advanced techniques had to be embraced to strengthen state institutions. However, the ulama thwarted massive and sudden adoption of modernity's cultural elements, so that Egypt would not become a chaotic country and go astray. On the weight of their position as the ultimate authority over family law, the Egyptian ulama blocked rapid social change imposed from the top. Alterations to family law and the social structure were undertaken gradually and with a great deal of delicacy. Therefore, the long-standing social order was not suddenly destroyed and replaced with a new one. Instead, changes to the long-standing social structure were allowed to evolve slowly, while the core was largely preserved.
The ulama's far-reaching plan, which was realized in the long run, was to maintain Islam's position in modern Egypt as a guide and as the main source of legitimacy. As will be shown in this study, the history of the Egyptian ulama reveals not passivity, detachment, or submission but careful, and deliberate action.
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Konkretisering van ouerlike gesagsbevoegdhede - met besondere verwysing na regte van toegang by buite-egtelike kinders en gesamentlike toesig en beheer oor kinders in 'n serie-huwelikVan Westing, Amanda 12 August 2015 (has links)
LL.M. / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Adult Hispanic females: Resiliency and support systemsBecerra, Rosalina, Rangel, Rosalie Arlene 01 January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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